• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.249-254
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• 2017

본 논문에서는 가속도계와 속도계를 활용한 단기 동적변위 산정기법을 소개한다. 본 기법에서 변위는 측정된 가속도와 속도 데이터를 칼만필터 기반 실시간 융합 알고리즘에 적용하여 추정된다. 기존 변위센서(LVDT, LDV, Vision 등)는 고정된 지지점과 설치를 위해 별도의 가설물을 필요로 했기 때문에 지진 발생 시나 해상교량 적용에 한계가 있었다. 또한 Laser/Vision 기반 센서의 경우 시야확보가 어려운 경우 활용이 제한된다. 본 기법에서는 부착식 센서인 가속도계와 속도계를 활용하기 때문에, 고정된 지지점이 필요 없을뿐더러 부착만 되면 시야확보 여부로부터 자유롭다. 따라서, 지진, 해상교량뿐만 아니라 화재 시에도 적용 가능하다. 변위추정을 위해 누적되는 가속도의 이중적분 오차는 속도 계측치로 보정되며, 실험실 규모 테스트를 통해 해당 기법을 검증하였다.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.346-353
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• 2011

In this study, the structural performance tests, i.e., static tests and dynamic tests of the composite wind turbine blade, were carried out by using the embedded fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. The composite wind turbine blade used in the test is the 1/23 scale of the 750 kW composite blade. In static tests, the deflections along the blade were evaluated. Evaluations were carried out with simple beam theory and quadratic fitting method by using the embedded FBG sensors to predict the structural behavior with respect to the load. The deflections were compared to those obtained from the laser displacement sensor and electric strain gauges. They showed good agreement. Modal tests were performed to investigate the dynamic characteristics using the embedded FBG sensors. The natural frequencies obtained from the FBG sensors corresponding to the nine mode shapes of the blade were compared to those from the laser Doppler vibrometer. They were found to be consistent with each other. Therefore, it is concluded that the embedded FBG sensors have a great capability for measuring the structural performances of the composite wind turbine blade when structural performance tests are carried out.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.84-93
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• 2001

An electromagnetic micro x-y stage for probe-based data storage (PDS) has been fabricated. The x-y stage consists of a silicon body inside which planar copper coils are embedded, a glass substrate bonded to the silicon body, and eight permanent magnets. The dimensions of flexures and copper coils were determined to yield $100{\;}\mu\textrm{m}$ in x and y directions under 50 mA of supplied current and to have 440 Hz of natural frequency. For the application to PDS devices, electromagnetic stage should have flat top surface for the prevention of its interference with multi-probe array, and have coils with low resistance for low power consumption. In order to satisfy these design criteria, conducting planar copper coils have been electroplated within silicon trenches which have high aspect ratio ($5{\;}\mu\textrm{m}$in width and $30{\;}\mu\textrm{m}$in depth). Silicon flexures with a height of $250{\;}\mu\textrm{m}$ were fabricated by using inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching (ICP-RIE). The characteristics of a fabricated electromagnetic stage were measured by using laser doppler vibrometer (LDV) and dynamic signal analyzer (DSA). The DC gain was $0.16{\;}\mu\textrm{m}/mA$ and the maximum displacement was $42{\;}\mu\textrm{m}$ at a current of 180 mA. The measured natural frequency of the lowest mode was 325 Hz. Compared with the designed values, the lower natural frequency and DC gain of the fabricated device are due to the reverse-tapered ICP-RIE process and the incomplete assembly of the upper-sided permanent magnets for LDV measurements.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.211-219
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• 2014

Closed cracks are difficult to detect using conventional ultrasonic testing because most incident ultrasound passes completely through these cracks. Nonlinear ultrasound inspection using sub-harmonic frequencies a promising method for detecting closed cracks. To implement this method, a sub-harmonic phased array (PA) is proposed to visualize the length of closed cracks in solids. A sub-harmonic PA generally consists of a single transmitter and an array receiver, which detects sub-harmonic waves generated from closed cracks. The PA images are obtained using the total focusing method (TFM), which (with a transmitter and receiving array) employs a full matrix in the observation region to achieve fine image resolution. In particular, the receiving signals are measured using a laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) to collect PA images for both fundamental and sub-harmonic frequencies. Oblique incidence, which is used to boost sub-harmonic generation, inevitably produces various surface waves that contaminate the signals measured in the receiving transducer. Surface wave interference often degrades PA images severely, and it becomes difficult to read the closed crack's position from the images. Various methods to prevent or eliminate this interference are possible. In particular, enhancing images with signal processing could be a highly cost-effective method. Because periodic patterns distributed in a PA image are the most frequent interference induced by surface waves, spatial frequency filtering is applicable for removing these waves. Experiments clearly demonstrate that the spatial frequency filter improves PA images.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.5854-5860
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 대표적인 토목구조물인 교량에서 영상 기반 변위 계측장치(VDMS)를 이용하여 변위를 측정하고, 고가의 변위측정장비인 LDV와의 비교를 통하여 그 현장 적용 성능을 평가하였다. 본 연구에서 사용한 VDMS는 카메라와 마커, 프레임 그래버, 노트북으로 구성되었으며, 마커를 구조물에 부착하여 그 영상을 촬영하고 평면 호모그래피 기법을 이용하여 마커가 부착된 구조물의 변위를 측정하는 장치이다. 개발된 VDMS의 성능 검증을 위하여 우선 소형 구조물을 이용한 간단한 실내 실험을 수행하였다. 다음으로 실제 철도교량에서 KTX를 다양한 조건으로 주행하고, 그에 의하여 발생한 변위를 VDMS과 LDV를 이용하여 계측한 뒤, 얻어진 두 변위를 비교하여 VDMS의 현장 적용 성능을 평가하였다.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.40-49
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• 2006

A novel disturbance measurement method, model based disturbance observer (MBDO) for optical disk drives (ODDs), is proposed and the disturbance analysis using the proposed method is performed under various conditions. In ODDs, the quantitative and qualitative analysis for the generated disturbance during normal operation is very important to successful servo loop design. However, the disturbance measurement is difficult, and high precision measurement is necessary. Furthermore, the conventional disturbance measurement method using a LDV (laser Doppler vibrometer) has many difficulties in eccentricity direction due to the vertical movement of an optical disk. To solve this problem, the MBDO is proposed. First, the relationship between the servo loop for ODDs and the generated disturbance are briefly reviewed. Second, the principle of the MBDO is introduced, and the disturbance measurement results, which are measured by the MBDO and a LDV, are compared. In these experiments, test DVD-ROM disks are used to generate quantitative/qualitative disturbance. Then, the disturbance analysis under various conditions is performed using waterfall technique. This technique clearly shows the disturbance trend from the inner part of an optical disk to the outer part of it. Finally, the various disturbances measurement results are summarized and some remarks for it are commented.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제35권11호
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• pp.1147-1156
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• 2011

CLECDiS 는 면적변화형 정전용량 센서의 단점을 극복하고 나노미터 수준의 분해능으로 밀리미터 이상의 큰 변위를 측정하도록 개발된 접촉식 변위센서이다. 그러나 접촉구동 특성으로 인하여 표면평탄도와 마찰에 의해 작은 접촉상태의 변화에도 출력 신호는 크게 왜곡될 수 있어 실제 이를 활용하기 위해서는 전극간 접촉상태를 안정적으로 유지하는 것이 중요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 전극간 접촉상태의 변화에 따른 신호의 왜곡 특성을 실제 출력 신호와 비교하여 분석하고, 접촉면 내 압력 분포와 센서의 운동 오차 측정을 통해 접촉상태의 변화를 파악하였다. 이를 통하여 센서의 운동 오차와 마찰력의 영향을 최소화하기 위한 접촉 유지 기구를 설계하고 제작하였으며 이를 이용한 구동실험을 통해 보다 안정적인 센서 출력 신호를 획득하였다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2006년도 제37회 하계학술대회 논문집 C
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• pp.1621-1622
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• 2006

This paper presents the effect of driving waveform for piezoelectric bend mode inkjet printhead with optimized mechanical design. Experimental and theoretical studies on the applied driving waveform versus jetting characteristic s were performed. The inkjet head has been designed to maximize the droplet velocity, minimize voltage response of the actuator and optimize the firing frequency to eject ink droplet. The head design was carried out by using mechanical simulation. The printhead has been fabricated with Si(100) and SOI wafers by MEMS process and silicon direct bonding method. To investigate how performance of the piezoelectric ceramic actuator influences on droplet diameter and droplet velocity, the method of stroboscopy was used. Also we observed the movement characteristics of PZT actuator with LDV(Laser Doppler Vibrometer) system, oscilloscope and dynamic signal analyzer. Missing nozzles caused by bubbles in chamber were monitored by their resonance frequency. Using the water based ink of viscosity of 4.8 cps and surface tension of 0.025N/m, it is possible to eject stable droplets up to 20kHz, 4.4m/s and above 8pL at the different applied driving waveforms.

• 센서학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.361-368
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• 2010

ACROSS device, which is composed of an implantable microphone, a signal processor, and a vibrating transducer, is a fullyimplantable middle ear hearing device(F-IMEHD) for the recovery of patients with hearing loss. And since a microphone is implanted under skin and tissue at the temporal bones, the amplitude of the sound wave is attenuated by absorption and scattering. And the vibrating transducer attached to the ossicular chain caused also the different displacement from characteristic of the stapes. For the gain control of auditory signals, most of implantable hearing devices with the digital audio signal processor still apply to fitting rules of conventional hearing aid without regard to the effect of the implanted microphone and the vibrating transducer. So it should be taken into account the effect of the implantable microphone and the vibrating transducer to use the conventional audio fitting rule. The aim of this study was to measure gain characteristics caused by the implanted microphone and the vibrating transducer attached to the ossicle chains for the gain compensation of ACROSS device. Differential floating mass transducers (DFMT) of ACROSS device were clipped on four cadaver temporal bones. And after placing the DFMT on them, displacements of the ossicle chain with the DFMT operated by 1 $mA_{peak}$ current was measured using laser Doppler vibrometer. And the sensitivity of microphones under the sampled pig skin and the skin of 3 rat back were measured by stimulus of pure tones in frequency from 0.1 to 8.9 kHz. And we confirmed that the microphone implanted under skin showed poorer frequency response in the acoustic high-frequency band than it in the low- to mid- frequency band, and the resonant frequency of the stapes vibration was changed by attaching the DFMT on the incus, the displacement of the DFMT driven with 1 $mA_{rms}$ was higher by the amount of about 20 dB than that of cadaver's stapes driven by the sound presssure of 94 dB SPL in resonance frequency range.