• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.522-526
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• 1990

We have experienced 2 cases vocal cord paralysis after open heart surgery. One was a postoperatively developed right unilateral vocal cord paralysis after prosthetic mitral valve replacement with tricuspid valve annuloplasty. The other was a postoperative left unilateral vocal cord paralysis after prosthetic aortic and mitral valve replacement with tricuspid annuloplasty. They were intubated for forty-eight and seventy-two hours but after extubation complained of hoarseness, aphonia, anxiety, and ineffective coughing Indirect laryngoscopy performed at about postoperative one week, revealed partial paralysis and decreased mobility of the vocal cord. After active phonation therapy, symptoms were improved gradually and in the follow up indirect laryngoscopy, the vocal cord paralysis was improved. The symptoms were recovered completely at about postoperative one month in both. The cause of vocal cord paralysis after open heart surgery may be any retraction or stretching injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve, especially right side, during median sternotomy retraction and open heart operation procedures. As a result, avoid of excessive spread of median sternotomy retractor and excessive manipulation and retraction of the heart during open heart procedures will reduce the occurrence of the vocal cord paralysis.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.160-165
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• 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has taken a toll on human lives and health systems worldwide and is still affecting all medical practices years later. In particular, much medical staff had to sacrifice in areas where the medical system was overloaded in the early stages of the outbreak and the resulting shortage of medical resources. In the future, another pandemic disease seems to emerge, which should threaten otolaryngologists inevitably. It is necessary to understand viral aerosolization and practice recommendations for COVID-19. These can guarantee the most effective treatment for the patients during the pandemic and protect the safety of our medical staff and patients.

• Korean Journal of Anesthesiology
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• 제71권6호
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• pp.486-487
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• 2018

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.293-301
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• 2020

Background: The success rate of intubation under direct laryngoscopy is greatly influenced by laryngoscopic grade using the Cormack-Lehane classification. However, it is not known whether grade under direct laryngoscopy can also affects the success rate of nasotracheal intubation using a fiberoptic bronchoscpe, so this study investigated the same. In addition, we investigated other factors that influence the success rate of fiberoptic nasotracheal intubation (FNI). Methods: FNI was performed by 18 anesthesiology residents under general anesthesia in patients over 15 years of age who underwent elective oral and maxillofacial operations. In all patients, the Mallampati grade was measured. Laryngeal view grade under direct laryngoscopy, and the degree of secretion and bleeding in the oral cavity was measured and divided into 3 grades. The time required for successful FNI was measured. If the intubation time was > 5 minutes, it was evaluated as a failure and the airway was managed by another method. The failure rate was evaluated using appropriate statistical method. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and area under the curve (AUC) were also measured. Results: A total of 650 patients were included in the study, and the failure rate of FNI was 4.5%. The patient's sex, age, height, weight, Mallampati, and laryngoscopic view grade did not affect the success rate of FNI (P > 0.05). BMI, the number of FNI performed by residents (P = 0.03), secretion (P < 0.001), and bleeding (P < 0.001) grades influenced the success rate. The AUCs of bleeding and secretion were 0.864 and 0.798, respectively, but the AUC of BMI, the number of FNI performed by residents, Mallampati, and laryngoscopic view grade were 0.527, 0.616, 0.614, and 0.544, respectively. Conclusion: Unlike in intubation under direct laryngoscopy, in the case of FNI, oral secretion and nasal bleeding had a significant effect on FNI difficulty than Mallampati grade or Laryngeal view grade.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.505-509
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• 2018

VCP (Vocal Cord Paralysis) is rare but one of most serious complications related to endotracheal intubation. This report is a clinical experience of radiography and laryngeal EMG (Electromyography) assessment for the VCP. A 50-year-old woman with hoarseness, which was occurred after urethral diverticulum excision was examined by laryngoscopy. As a result of laryngoscopy, VCP was observed in left side of her vocal cord, and then recurrent laryngeal nerve damage was detected with additional CT (Computed tomography) scan and laryngeal EMG. After that, the vocal cord movement was recovered as normal state with regular conservative treatment for the 6 months.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.19-22
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• 2005

Background and Objectives : While considerable progress has been made in enhancing the quality of laryngoscopy and image processing, the evaluation of laryngeal erythema is still based on the clinician's judgement. The purpose of this study is to quantitatively measure the degree of erythema and to examine the relationship with clinical grading. Materials and Methods : Color images of larynx from 100 subjects were captured from video-documented examinations of laryngoscopy. The amount of erythema within the digitized larynx image was quantified using software developed and was compared with a grading system (0 to 3 scale) based on visual inspection by 4 experienced clinicians. The results were compared by deriving Kappa, Kendall and Spearman statistic. Results : There was high intra-observer(R=0.402-0.755) and inter-observer correlation (R=0.789). Among parameters, the red composite value had most remarkable agreement with clinical grading(R=0.827). Conclusion : The result suggest that the computer based analysis of laryngeal erythema can provide quantiative data on degree of erythema and the basis for further development of an expert system.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.78-83
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• 2016

Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) disease is an extraoesophageal variant of gastro-esophageal reflux disease that can affect the larynx and pharynx. LPR is associated with symptoms of laryngeal irritation such as throat clearing, coughing, and hoarseness. The main diagnostic methods currently used are laryngoscopy and pH monitoring. The most common laryngoscopic signs are redness and swelling of the throat. However, these findings are not specific of LPR and may be related to other causes or can even be found in healthy individuals. Furthermore, the role of pH monitoring in the diagnosis of LPR is controversial. A therapeutic trial with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) has been suggested to be cost-effective and useful for the diagnosis of LPR. However, the recommendations of PPI therapy for patients with a suspicion of LPR are based on the results of uncontrolled studies, and high placebo response rates suggest a much more complex and multifactorial pathophysiology of LPR than simple acid reflux. Laryngoscopy and pH monitoring have failed as reliable tests for the diagnosis of LPR. Empirical therapy with PPIs is widely accepted as a diagnostic test and for the treatment of LPR. However, further research is needed to develop a definitive diagnostic test for LPR.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.27-31
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• 2010

Mild vocal fold hypomobility is a common finding of which clinical significance is incompletely understood. Recently, electrophysiologic investigations have shown that vocal fold hypomobility is a continuum of neurogenic dysfunction ; partial denervation (paresis), complete denervation (paralysis), and variable degrees and patterns of reinnervation. Despite a sound pathophysiological basis for its existence, interest in and acceptance of the diagnosis of vocal fold paresis is relatively recent. Vocal fold paresis may be a relatively common and often overlooked condition that can be difficult to diagnose since laryngoscopy does not reliably distinguish innocent laryngeal asymmetry from hypomobility caused by paresis. Although not entirely free from error, laryngeal electromyography seems to hold more promise as a means of reliable diagnosis than laryngoscopy, and should be employed systematically in the evaluation of suspected paresis. The means to help most patients with paresis already exists in the repertoire of interventions developed to treat paralysis. However, since the vocal fold retains substantial movement, more conservative treatment strategy is recommended as a first line of treatment. The authors reviewed the representative reports of vocal fold paresis and summarized the controversies and consensus regarding the vocal fold paresis.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish novice user guidelines for efficient external laryngeal manipulation for intubation in difficult airway management. Methods: This study included 59 pre-qualified junior and senior emergency medical service students. The participants were instructed at random to intubate a manikin equipped with a cervical collar, thus simulating a difficult airway, using three types of external laryngeal manipulation: bimanual laryngoscopy, backward-rightward pressure, and cricoid pressure. The resultant intubation time and glottic view grade scores were estimated. Results: Intubation time was longest using the bimanual manipulation method, followed by cricoid pressure and backward-rightward pressure. A low Cormack-Lehane glottic view score was obtained regardless of the assisted compression method used. Conclusion: Backward-rightward pressure may be the most efficient method of external laryngeal manipulation on the basis of the intubation time and improvement in glottic view.

• 대한기관식도과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기관식도과학회 1982년도 제16차 학술대회연제순서 및 초록
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• pp.6.1-6
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• 1982

후두유두종은 17세기 Warcellus Dohalus에 의해 Warts of throat로 처음 소개된 이래 후두의 가장 흔한 양성종양으로 알려져 왔으며 조직학적으로는 양성이나 병변의 위치, 병변의 다발성, 고도의 재발성 및 치료의 곤란으로 임상적인 면에서 많은 문제점이 있다. 후두유두종은 경우에 따라서는 자연치료도 가능한 반면 악성변화를 일으킬 수 있다고도 알러져 있는데 그 빈도는 악성변화가 전혀 없다고 주장하는 보고자부터 26.0%에 이르기까지 많은 차가 있다. 저자들은 최근 편평세포암으로 악성변화를 일으켰던 후두유두종 2예를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다. 증예1은 58세의 남자로서 1980년 5 월 13 일 약 3연간의 애성을 주소로 부산학병원 이비인후과 외래로 내원하였다. 내원 당시 국소소견은 양측성대의 전반부 및 전연합에 백색의 후두종양 종물을 나타내었고 간접후두경하에서 생검을 실시하였던 바 후두유두종이었다. 동년 5월 29 일 입원하여 Suspension laryngoscopy하에 완전제거후 퇴원하였다. 퇴원시 5-FU 국소도포를 권유하였으나 특별한 치료를 받지 않고 경과 중 약 9개월 후인 동년 3월 5 일 애성의 악화와 경징한 호흡곤란이 있어 외래를 재방문하였는데 당시의 국소소견은 유두종양 종물이 양측 성대 및 성문하부에 까지 관찰 할 수 있었으며 직접후두경하에서 생검하여 편평세포암으로 진단되었다. 7 일 후 환자는 극심한 호흡곤란을 주소로 응급실로 내원하여 기관절개술을 받고 입원하였다. 동년 4월 7 일 후두전적출술을 시행하고 3주후 퇴원하여 방사선치료를 받고 현재까지 특별한 이상없이 생활하고 있다. 증예2는 47 세 남자로서 1978년 9월 27 일 애성 및 호흡곤란을 주소로 내원하였다. 내원 당시 국소소견은 좌측성대의 전반부에 백색의 빛나는 상실상의 종물이 인지되어 문접후두경하에서 생검을 실시한 결과 후두유두종이었다. 동년 10월 24 일 입원하여 기관절개술후 Suspension laryngoscopy 하에서 유두종을 제거하였으며 5-FU 국소도포를 62.5 mg씩 20회 총 1250mg을 사용하였고 esroge등을 투여하였으나 재발을 계속하였다. 동년 9월 9 일 심한 호흡곤란을 주소로 응급실로 내원하여 기관절개술을 시행한 후 생검을 시행한 결과 편평세포암으로 확진되어 동년 9월 29 일 후두전적출술을 시행하였다. 술후 25 일에 퇴원하여 현재까지 암의 전이 혹은 합병증의 발생없이 경과하고 있다.