• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.124-129
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• 2023

A 5-year-old neutered male domestic short-haired cat presented with acute dyspnea characterized by open-mouth breathing and stridor for 2 days. Direct visualization via laryngoscopy revealed diffuse laryngeal swelling and severe thickening of the vocal folds bilaterally; thus, the upper respiratory tract was obstructed owing to severe edema. Neutrophil infiltration was found on fine needle aspiration of the larynx cytology, and no discrete mass with polyp or neoplasia was identified on diagnostic imaging. The cat was diagnosed with acute obstructive laryngitis, and a tracheostomy tube was immediately installed. After 17 days of treatment with steroids, doxycycline and azithromycin, the swollen larynx gradually improved, and there was no recurrence of laryngitis or respiratory obstruction. A feline upper respiratory polymerase chain reaction panel revealed Mycoplasma felis infection; however, it could not be determined whether it was pathogenic or opportunistic. Herein, we report a case of obstructive laryngitis in a cat. When respiratory obstruction due to acute laryngitis is identified, a good prognosis is expected with rapid and appropriate treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.166-171
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• 2022

Background and Objectives Vocal fold (VF) scar is known to be the most common cause of dysphonia after laryngeal microsurgery (LMS). Steroids reduce postoperative scar formation by inhibiting inflammation and collagen deposition. However, the clinical evidence of whether steroids are helpful in reducing VF scar formation after LMS is still lacking. The purpose of this study is to determine whether intralesional VF steroid injection after LMS helps to reduce postoperative scar formation and voice quality. Materials and Method This study was conducted on 80 patients who underwent LMS for VF polyp, Reinke's edema, and leukoplakia. Among them, 40 patients who underwent VF steroid injection after LMS were set as the injection group, and patients who had similar sex, age, and lesion size and who underwent LMS alone were set as the control group. In each group, stroboscopy, multi-dimensional voice program, Aerophone II, and voice handicap index (VHI) were performed before and 1 month after surgery, and the results were statistically analyzed. Results There were no statistically significant differences in the distribution of sex, age, symptom duration, occupation and smoking status between each group. Both groups consisted of VF polyp (n=21), Reinke's edema (n=11), and leukoplakia (n=9). On stroboscopy, the lesion disappeared after surgery, and the amplitude and mucosal wave were symmetrical on both sides of the VFs in all patients. Acoustic parameters and VHI significantly improved after surgery in all patients. However, there was no significant difference between the injection and control group in most of the results. Conclusion There was no significant difference in the results of stroboscopy, acoustic, aerodynamic, and subjective evaluation before and after surgery in the injection group and the control group.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.98-103
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• 2003

Background and Objectives : Although many studies have examined the effect of drinking on voice change, its cause and degree remain unclear. Since voice change occurs more frequently the day following drinking, rather than immediately afterwards, we examined whether the voice change was correlated with reflux laryngitis due to gastroesophageal motor disturbances. Subjects and Methods : For this study, 10 patients were selected who had neither voice change nor symptoms of reflux laryngitis at baseline (male : female=5 : 5, mean age=28 years old) They were subjected to psychoacoustic, acoustic, and aerodynamic tests and video stroboscopy at 4:00 P.M. the day before drinking (test 1), at 8:00 A.M. (test 2) and 4:00 P.M. (test 3) on the following day. On the day of drinking, the subjects had to drink more than their usual amount of Soju(Korean liquor) and were not allowed to talk much. The stroboscopy findings were quantified using the PC Belafsky score. Results : The laryngeal response to gastric reflux after drinking was compared between tests 1 and 2. In both tests, laryngeal edema and injection were observed on video stroboscopy. The psychoacoustic test detected more severe hoarseness in test 2 than in test 1. In addition, the acoustic test detected a mild increase in both jitter and shimmer. However, the differences between tests 2 and 3, which were performed when there was reduced or no gastric reflux, were not significant. Conclusions : Drinking may cause gastric reflux, which produces reversible voice change by irritating the vocal cords and larynx. Therefore, reflux laryngitis should be suspected in a patient whose voice changes markedly after drinking.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.799-803
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• 1998

Background: Tumors of the trachea are rare despite their histologic similarity to tumors of the main stem bronchus and lung. Materials and methods: Fourteen patients with tracheal tumor underwent surgical, radiational, or laser photocoagulation therapy from March 1981 to July 1996. Nine patients were malignant and five patients were benign. The most common malignant tumor was adenoid cystic carcinoma. Results: Age ranged from 10 to 65 years with mean age of 45.9 years. Most tumors were located middle and lower one-third of trachea. Surgery was done through collar incision, or collar incision with vertical partial sternal division, or left posterolateral thoracotomy, or sternal division with laryngeal release. Two patients died after operation, because of the disruption of anastomosis and airway obstruction,and laryngeal edema after suprahyoid release. Only one patient died after 8 month of diagnosis. The other patients were doing well during the follow-up period.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.88-91
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• 1996

Acute epiglottitis is a life threatening inflammatory. disease of the upper airway mainly in children, however, the recent reports about acute epiglottitis in adults are increasing. The common symptoms are sore throat, dysphagia, dyspnea and salivary drooling. As the laryngeal edema progresses, the patient sits up, leans forward, with the chin thrust forward, having obvious difficulty breathing. Early recognition and proper airway maintenance until the inflammatory edema subsides are essential steps to avoid a possible life threatening upper airway obstruction. We experienced two cases of acute epiglottitis with sitting up position, chin thrust forward, having dyspnea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.98-102
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• 2006

Background and Objectives : Voice onset time(VOT) is defined as the time interval from oral release of a stop consonant to the onset of glottal pulsing in the following vowel. VOT is a temporal characteristics of stop consonants that reflects the complex timing of glottal articulation relative to supraglottal articulation. Stop consonants are characterized by creation of a pressure difference across a complete occlusion in the vocal tract, followed by a sudden release 'burst' due to opening that occlusion. The objects of this study is to evaluate a usefulness of voice onset time in the assessment of voice disorderd patients. Subjects : Subjects were 20 adults with normal voice and with benign laryngeal disorders. Subjects with voice disorders represented the following vocal pathologies : vocal polyp, vocal nodule, Reinke's edema and unilateral vocal fold paralysis(UVFP). Control subjects were matched for age (21-40 yews old) and sex(male) with the voice disorders subjects and had normal vocal qualities with no history of voice disorders. Methods : Each voice-disordered and matched control subject read the test passages containing three types of Korean bilabial consonants. VOT measures were made for the initial $/p/p^h/\;and\;/p'/$. VOT was measured using acoustic waveform or wide band spectrogram. Results : For each voiceless stop consonants, there was a significant difference in VOT between the voice disordered and normal subjects. The mean VOTs of the lax stops in UVFP was significantly shorter than those of control subjects in the UVFP. The mean VOTs of the aspirated stops in the vocal polyp and nodule were longer than those of control subjects, but not significant. The mean VOTs of the glottalized in voice disordered groups were longer than those of control subjects, and significant statistically in the UVFP. Conclusions : VOT may be a clinically useful acoustic parameter in the assessment of voice disordered patients, especially in the unilateral vocal fold paralysis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.64-68
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• 2000

Background and Objectives : To assess the role of altered vocal function in transient voice change after short-term endotracheal intubation, we evaluated acoustic parameters, aerodynamic parameters, and laryngoscopic characteristics preoperatively and postoperatively. Materials and Methods : Vocal function of 10 patients undergoing tympanoplasty and mastoidectomy using general anesthesia and endotracheal intubation were studied preoperatively, at 1day and 7 days after extubation. Acoustic analysis, aerodynamic study, and telescopic examination were used to assess vocal function. Results : In acoustic parameters, there was no significant difference between preoperative and postoperative measures. However, in subglottic pressure, ere was a significant decrease at 1 day after extubation and this change was return to preoperative value at 7 days after extubation. MPT(Maximal Phonation Time), MER(Mean flow Ratio), and VC(Vital Capacity) were decreased 1 day after extubation but did not show statistically significant change. Three of 10 patients manifested a vocal fold edema and injection 1 day after extubation. Conclusions : Subglottic pressure revealed a significant decrease at 1 day after extubation. And this change was correlated with laryngeal morphologic change and decrement in pulmonary function.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.235-239
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• 2015

The Combitube is an emergency airway-maintaining device, which can supply oxygen to dyspneic patients in emergency situations following two-jaw surgery. These patients experience difficulty in opening the mouth or have a partially obstructed airway caused by edema or hematoma in the oral cavity. As such, they cannot maintain the normal airway. The use of a Combitube may be favorable compared to the laryngeal mask airway because it is a thin and relatively resilient tube. A healthy 24-year-old man was dyspneic after extubation. Oxygen saturation fell below 90% despite untying the bimaxillary fixation and ambubagging. The opening of the mouth was narrow; thus, emergency airway maintenance was gained by insertion of a Combitube. The following day, a facial computer tomography revealed that the airway space narrowing was severe compared to its pre-operational state. After the swelling subsided, the patient was successfully extubated without complications.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1979.05a
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• pp.9.1-10
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• 1979

The authors have recently observed a case of Ludwig's angina with forming mediastinal fistula & pneumonia. The Ludwing's angina is the cellulitis of the mouth floor and neck, ie, of the sublingual space. The suppurative inflammation of this space develops from dental infection, and can also develop from ulceration or inflammation of the mouth floor and the tongue base, lingual tonsillitis or salivary calculi. The main causes are characterized as mixed infection which hemolytic streptococcus and staphylococcus are considered to be pathognomic organisms. It may be followed as complications of mediastinal extension, parapharyngeal extension and laryngeal edema. This is the report on this case with literature review.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.71 no.1
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• pp.59-61
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• 2011

Obstructive Fibrinous Tracheal Pseudomenbrane (OFTP) is a rarely known but potentially fatal complication of endotracheal intubation. Sudden respiratory failure shortly after extubation is not infrequent in the ICU. However, these cases are commonly diagnosed as laryngospasm, retention of secretion or laryngeal edema. A 68-year-old woman presented with a 6-day history of progressive dyspnea. She had undergone invasive ventilator care for 24 hours. The patient was discharged from the hospital with improvement after having an extubation. However, after 3 days she revisited the emergency department with progressive dyspnea. The patient was diagnosed with OFTP from the results of chest CT and bronchoscopy. This is the first case studied in detail using CT images, pulmonary function test, and bronchoscopy.