• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.105-111
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• 2016

The genetic structure of marine animals that inhabit the seashore is affected by numerous factors. Of these, gene flow and natural selection during recruitment have strong influences on the genetic structure of seashore-dwelling species that have larval periods. Relative contributions of these two factors to the genetic structure of marine species would be determined mainly by the duration of larval stage. The relationship between larval period and genetic structure of population has been rarely studied in Korea. In this study, genetic variations of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) were analyzed in two dominant species on rocky shore habitats in the Korean peninsula: periwinkle Littorina brevicula and acorn barnacle Fistulobalanus albicostatus. Both species are not strongly structured and may have experienced recent population expansion. Unlike periwinkle, however, barnacle populations have considerable genetic variation, and show a bimodal pattern of mismatch distribution. These results suggest that barnacle populations are more affected by local adaptation rather than gene flow via larval migration. The bimodal patterns of barnacle populations observed in mismatch distribution plots imply that they may have experienced secondary contact. Further studies on seashore-dwelling species are expected to be useful in understanding the evolution of the coastal ecosystem around Korean waters.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.300-307
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• 1995

치자나무의 실생묘포장에서 잎을 식해하는줄녹색박각시의 생활사를 1984년부터 1985년까지 남해에서 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 줄녹색박각시의 산란기간은 5월 하순부터 26일간이었고, 평균 20.4개의 알을 기주 식물의 잎 뒷면에 산란하였다. 산란후 14일부터 16일 사이에 부화하고, 부화율은 97.6%였다. 알은 타원형이고, 크기는 지름이 1.01mm 길이가 1.14 mm이고 난기간은 14.6일이다. 유충의 평균 길이는 1령이 $3.52\pm$1.01 mm, 2령이 $6.46\pm$0.45mm, 3령이 $13.19\pm$4.27mm, 4령이 $24.08\pm$2.22mm, 5령이 $43.71\pm$5.62 mm이고, 유충의 평균체중은 1령이 $13.34\pm$2.41mg, 2령이 $29.83\pm$6.88mg, 3령이 $76.64\pm$31.31mg, 4령이 $292.09\pm$107.70mg, 5령이 $2,144.84\pm$760.70mg이다. 유충기간은 7월부터 10월까지로 1령이, 12일, 2령이 36일, 3령이 32일, 4령이 16일, 5령이 20일로 총유충기간은 116일이었고, 유충기간 동안에 1마리의 유충이 실생묘 17.18주를 가해하였다. 제5령 유웅이 종령유충으로 평균 15 mm 땅속에 들어가 토립으로 집을 짓고, 그 속에서 번데기가 되어 월동하며, 번데기의 평균 길이는 33.6mm이고, 평균 체중은 2,032mg이다. 성충은 이듬해 5월 중순에서 하순까지 우화하는데, 성충의 성비는 암컷이 42.82%이고, 체색형의 비는 갈색형이 89.93%였다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.217-224
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• 1999

두류 품종별 잎특성에 따른 담배거세미나방 유충의 발육과 식엽량을 조사하였다.유충 기간은 검정콩 l호에서 11.5일로 가장 짧았으며, 대광땅콩에서 15.7일로 가장 길어어 두류 품종에 따라 현저한 차이가 있었다. 유충의 영기별 발육기간은 l령에서 3 .2~5.0일로 가장 길였으며, 4령에서 1.0- I.5일로 가장 짧았다. 유충의 식엽량은 영기가 증가함수록 현저하게 증가하여 마지막 6 령기 동안의 식엽량이 유충기간 총 식엽량의 약 55~74%를 차지하였다. 그리고 유충의 성별 식엽량은 수컷보다 암컷에서 많은 경향이었다. 하지만 유충의 사망율과 성비는 두류 품종별 식엽량과는 관련이 없었다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.114-120
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• 1995

현재 누에 장려품종의 원종 및 교잡종을 대상으로 JH제(마니나)를 투여한 후, 발육경과일수, 화용비율, 전견중, 견층중 등의 차이를 조사하여 품종간의 JH 감수성을 비교하였다. JH제 처리에 의한 유충경과일수의 연장은 원종간에 다양한 차이를 나타내, 잠114가 2일 이상 지연된데 비하여 잠121, 잠123, 잠138에서는 거의 변화가 없었다. 유충기간의 연장과 함께 대부분의 원종에서 전견중과 견층중이 증가하였으나, 잠114의 경우에는 5령기간의 연장에도 불구하고 오히려 감소하였다. 교잡종의 경우, 모든 품종이 JH제 처리에 의해 유충기간이 1일 정도 연장됨으로서 원종에서와 같은 품종간의 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 유충섭식기간의 연장에 따라 대부분의 품종에서 전견중과 견층중이 증가하였으며 특히 사성잠, 은백잠, 삼광잠에서 JH의 효과가 뚜렷하였다. JH제의 처리에 의한 특별한 생리적장애는 보이지 않았지만, 잠122, 잠131, 잠135 및 잠138 등의 원종에서는 JH제 처리에 의해 화용비율이 10% 이상 떨어짐으로서 이들 품종에서 JH의 생리적 감수성이 인정되었다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.79-87
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• 2004

The silkworm rearing and growth parameters of 63 multivoltine silkworm accessions under extended period of egg preservation at 5$^{\circ}C$ from 30 days to 45 days were studied. The results indicate that, nine accessions did not respond to extended period of egg preservation at low temperature and the remaining 54 accessions responded to the treatment and three rearings were conducted for comparision with the control; to estimate the effect of prolonged egg preservation at low temperature. The non-parametric tests statistics (Wilcoxon tests) was adopted for comparing the mean performance of treated batches (45 days) over the control (30 days). Highly significant variability was found among the accessions for all the parameters under study. The genetically controlled morphological characters were not altered in the treated batches, which were found to be on par with that of control. However, the total larval duration varied significantly over the control in 51 accessions. Similarly, the fifth age larval duration of 27 accessions showed decreasing trend compared to control. Altogether 41 accessions were found to be tolerant to long-term cold preservation upto 45 days, without showing any significant variation for morphological as well as essential quantitative traits. These accessions may be recommended for long-term egg preservation schedule up to 45 days, which will reduce the cost of conservation of these silkworm germplasm.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.153-161
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• 2014

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of ambient thermal environments on the development of swallowtail butterflies (Sericinus montela Gray). Developmental durations and survival rates of S. montela were examined at two crucial developmental stages, embryonic and larval development, at varying temperatures ranging from $15^{\circ}C$ to $35^{\circ}C$. As expected, our results indicated that increasing temperatures decreased the developmental duration and survival rate of the eggs. However, the larvae and pupae showed maximum survival rates at $20.0^{\circ}C$ and $25.0^{\circ}C$, and the represented durations were similar to those of the eggs. Larval development was stage-specific, revealing that the fourth and fifth instars at the later stages were more susceptible to temperature variation. When considering both parameters, the optimal development of S. montela occurred within the temperature range of $20.0-25.0^{\circ}C$. The lower threshold for the complete development of S. montela from eggs to eclosion of adults was calculated at $10.6^{\circ}C$ by linear regression analysis. The estimated value is similar to that of other endemic insects distributed in temperate climate zones, which indicates that S. montela belongs to a small group of swallowtails adjusted to low ambient temperatures. From the results, we predict that the full development of S. montela could be achieved within the temperature range of $17.5-30.0^{\circ}C$. Embryonic development ceased at both test temperature extremes, and no further larval development proceeded after the third instar at $35.0^{\circ}C$. These results suggest that embryogenesis can be significantly influenced by slight variations in the ambient thermal environment that fall below the optimal range.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.133-137
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• 2010

The perilla leaf pyralid moth, Pyrausta panopealis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is a serious pest damaging to leaf perilla. In order to establish the life parameters of P. panopealis for eventual purpose of control, the developmental span of each stage was investigated under five temperature regimes ($20^{\circ}C{\sim}30^{\circ}C$). The larval period of P. panopealis was longest as 26.8 days at $20^{\circ}C$ and shortened as temperature goes up to $30^{\circ}C$ as 11.3 days. Survivorship of the larval P. panopealis was the highest at $27.5^{\circ}C$ as 82.5%, whereas that of other temperatures ranged from 40% ($20^{\circ}C$) to 60.0% ($30^{\circ}C$), indicating that the P. panopealis appears to favor somewhat higher temperature. In addition to larval period, the duration of egg, prepupal, and pupal period also were shortened sharply as temperature goes up, whereas the duration of adult stage shortened a maximum of only two days as temperature goes up. After the perilla leaf pyralid moths were successfully stabilized in indoor environment the larvicidal efficacy of ten on-the-market environmentfriendly agricultural materials (EFAMs) that were previously selected from the result of other moth species was tested. Seven of the ten tested showed more than 90% of mortality within 12 hrs and reached nearly up to 100% within 24 hrs, but the remaining three showed less than ~70%.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.83-87
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• 2012

To determine the effects of kimchi extracts at different temperatures on larval development, $Ascaris$ $suum$ eggs were mixed with soluble part of 7 different brands of commercially available kimchi and preserved at either $5^{\circ}C$ or $25^{\circ}C$ for up to 60 days. $A.$ $suum$ eggs incubated at $25^{\circ}C$ showed marked differences in larval development between kimchi extract and control group. While all eggs in the control group completed embryonation by day 21, only 30% of the eggs in the kimchi extract group became embryonated by day 36 and about 25% never became larvated even at day 60. At $5^{\circ}C$, however, none of the eggs showed larval development regardless of the incubation period or type of mixture group. To determine the survival rate of $A.$ $suum$ eggs that showed no embryonation after being preserved at $5^{\circ}C$, eggs preserved in kimchi extracts for 14, 28, and 60 at $5^{\circ}C$ were re-incubated at $25^{\circ}C$ for 3 weeks in distilled water. While all eggs in the control group became larvated, eggs in the kimchi extract group showed differences in their embryonation rates by the incubation period; 87.4 % and 41.7% of the eggs became embryonated after being refrigerated for 14 days and 28 days, respectively. When refrigerated for 60 days, however, no eggs mixed in kimchi extract showed larval development. Our results indicate that embryogenesis of $A.$ $suum$ eggs in kimchi extract was affected by duration of refrigeration, and that all eggs stopped larval development completely in kimchi kept at $5^{\circ}C$ for up to 60 days.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.195-200
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• 2004

We investigated the induction of resistance to Haemaphysalis longicornis infestation in rabbits that had been immunized with recombinant H. longicornis P27/30 protein. The success of immunological control methods is dependent upon the use of potential key antigens as tick vaccine candidates. Previously, we cloned a gene encoding 27 kDa and 30 kDa proteins (P27/30) of H. longicornis, and identified P27/30 as a troponin I-like protein. In this study, rabbits that were immunized with recombinant P27/30 expressed in Escherichia coli showed the statistically significant longer feeding duration for larval and adult ticks (P<0.05), low engorgement rates in larval ticks (64.4%), and an apparent reduction in egg weights, which suggest that H. longicornis P27/30 protein is a potential candidate antigen for a tick vaccine. These results demonstrated that the recombinant P27/30 protein might be a useful vaccine candidate antigen for biological control of H. longicornis.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.191-195
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• 2003

The impact of antibiotic (Norfloxacin) administration ,at different concentration (50 ppm and 100 ppm) on commercial characters of bivoltine $({CSR_2}{\times}{CR_4})$ and the cross breed race $({BL_67}{\times}{CSR_101})$ was studied. The result indicated that antibiotic administration with different concentrations significantly improved the rearing and cocoon parameters like larval duration, larval weight, growth index, single cocoon weight, single shell weight and shell ratio. The post cocoon parameters like average filament length, non-breakable filament length, raw silk percentage, raw silk recovery percentage, denier, reelability and neatness were recorded significantly higher in antibiotic treated batches. The better performances of these parameters were recorded with the increase of antibiotic concentration.