• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.15 no.4 s.29
• /
• pp.169-178
• /
• 1976

The concentration of amino acids, total nitrogen, trehalose, lipids and the activities of respiratory, acid$\cdot$alkaline phosphatase, glutamic oxalozcetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase during larval stage in Pine leaf gall midge, Thecodiplosis janensis Uchi. et Inouye were measured using Paper chromatographic method, micro-Kjeldahl method, Thin layer chromatographic method, Warburg's manometric method, Bessey-Lowry method and Reitman-Frankel method, respectively. Healthy specimens )yore chosen as samples of each larval stages; alrva in gall and larva in soil. Amino acids present in the alcoholic extracts were alanine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, methionine, proline, threonine, tryptophan and valine. The total nitrogen concentration reached to 31.348mg/g during the larva in gall and the larval stage in soil of the value was decreased to 29.027mg/g. The hemolymph sugar, trehalose value for larva in soil was about two times of the value for larva in gall. Total lipid, phospholipid,monoacylglycerol, triacylglycerol, sterol, free fatty acid and ester cholesterol were identified at larval stages in gall and soil. Triacylglycerol concentration reached high level in contrast with other lipid contents during larvae in gall and larva in soil. Free fatty acid, sterol except decreased lipids during larval stage in soil. Endogenous respiration, succinate of respiratory activities decreased at larval stage in soil compare with larva in gall. The activities of acid phosphatase decreased larval stage in soil but the activities of alkaline phosphatase increased remarkably. The activities of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase reached high level of the larva in gall.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.13-18
• /
• 1985

The metamorphosis and the growth of larva in Limnoperna fortunei were studied from October, 1981 to December, 1983. 1) The larva of this species is observed in the three different stages in the form of D-shaped. The shell length of the larva in the early stage is $130.44{\mu}m$ to $143.60{\mu}m$ and in the middle stage $161.67{\mu}m$ to $184.11{\mu}m$. In the late stage the length size of the larva increases up to $194.55{\mu}m$ to $208.45{\mu}m$. The shell height is $103.19{\mu}m$, to $119.47{\mu}m$, $126.51{\mu}m$ to $157.63{\mu}m$ and $136.87{\mu}m$ to $176.35{\mu}m$ in the three stages respectively. Thus the growth ratio of shell length to shell height is 1:0.75. 2) The metamorphosing stage begins when the shell height becomes larger than $210{\mu}m$ and the shell length exceedes $260{\mu}m$.

• Journal of fish pathology
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.199-205
• /
• 2004

Effects of nitrite, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide on survival of the early developmental stages of Fenneropenaeus chinensis were determined under continuous flow-through system. The 96hr-$LC_{50}$ values of mysis stage were 18.4 mg/L, 0.69 mg/L and 13.5 $\mu{g}/L$ for nitrite, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide, respectively; 28.3 mg/L, 1.23 mg/L and 20.7 $\mu{g}/L$ for post larva stage and 39.8 mg/L, 1.73 mg/L and 28.5 $\mu{g}/L$ for juvenile stage, respectively. The Fenneropenaeus chinensis sensitivity for the three pollutants was in the order of hydrogen sulfide>ammonia>nitrite. The mysis/post larva, mysis/juvenile and post larva/juvenile ratios of nitrite, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide toxicity were >1.5, >2.0 and <1.5 times, respectively, and mysis were found to be more sensitive to pollutants than juvenile in all cases.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.139-145
• /
• 1973

The activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases of pine moth, Dendrolimus spect abilis Butler was measured in a serier of developmental stages ranging from the larva to the adult. The activity of both enzymes increased gradually with age of larvae, and then decreased in the prepupal stage. Acid enzyme was at a maximum in the pupal early stage and alkaline enzyme in the 8th instar larva, respectively. And in the prepupal stage there were no significant differences between both acid and alkalnie phosphatases. However, their activities were far lower than in the 8th instar larva. In the pupal early stage there occurs a increase in the acitivity of acid enzyme followed by a decrease in the pupal later stage, and in the adult stage its activity increased again.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.69-79
• /
• 1982

In order to define the morphological changes of the secreting cells of prothoracic gland during larva-pupal molt, ultrastructural observations were carried out using Bombyx mori L. as the experimental material. At first stage of present experiment, 4 day old 5th instar larva, the polyhedral secreting cells were centrally located in the prothoracic gland surrounded by the connective sheath. The secreting cells were attached to the neighboring cells by the prominent desmosomes, and the plasma membrane contacted with connective sheath were highly infolded. In cytoplasm, the most of the cell organelles, such as rod-like mitochondria, rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, ribosome were developed. As the stages advance from larva to pupa, general feature of the secreting cells were retained, but structural changes of the various cytoplasmic organelles-ribosome, rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, lamellar body, and vesicle-were noted. In the perinuclear cytoplasm of the secreting cells at the stage of 6 day old 5th instar larva, it is peculiar that only a large amount of ribosomes were distributed and the other organelles were retreated from the juxtanuclear region. Just before and after spining cocoon, these features were more remarkable. Rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum were gradually increased from the stage just before spining cocoon to the pharate pupa. Rod-like mitochondria with irregular cristae and the matrix showing low density were distributed throughout the cytoplasm in the secreting cells of the 4 day old 5th instar larva. Sometimes, longitudinally distended and curved mitochondria were observed. At the stage of pharate pupa, most of mitochondria were deformed. The rod-like mitochondria of the secreting cells of pupal prothoracic gland were narrower than those of 4 day old 5th instar larva, and the electron density of the mitochondrial matrix is increased in pupa. Golgi apparatus were a few in number in both stages, last instar larva and spining cocoon. In stages of the pharate pupa, the Golgi apparatus were frequently observed. Cytoplasmic vesicles were observed for the first time in the secreting cells of one day after spining cocoon, and the number and the size of cytoplasmic vesicles were distinctly increased inpharate pupa and just after pupation. In the secretory cells of the PG, it in concluded that the RER was closely related to syntheting the enzymes seem to produce the ecdysone.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.314-318
• /
• 2012

The aims of the present study were to estimate the possibility for toxicity test and compare acute toxicity of potassium dichromate in the larva stage of Neocaridina denticulata, Daphnia magna and the juvenile stage of Oryzias latipes. N. denticulate, a freshwater shrimp lives in Korea, is an indigenous species and considered to be useful for toxicity test. D. magna and O. latipes were recommended as a test species for the OECD test guideline. The 96 h-$LC_{50}$ potassium dichromate value was 0.62 mg $L^{-1}$ for the larva stage of N. denticulata and 168.44 mg $L^{-1}$ for the juvenile stage of O. latipes. The 48 h-$EC_{50}$ value was 1.27 mg $L^{-1}$ for the D. magna. The study was confirmed higher sensitivity of the larva stage of N. denticulata to potassium dichromate compared to the D. magna and the juvenile stage of O. latipes.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.107-113
• /
• 1980

The concentration of total protein during the metamorphosis of the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella $H\ddot{u}bner$ was measured using micro-Kjeldahl method by Oser(1965). Healthy specimens were chosen as samples at each developmental stages: the 1st instar larva, the 3rd inster larva, final instar larva, pupae 2, 6, 10 days and the adult 1 day. The total protein concentration decreased gradually until the two day pupal stage and increased at the six day pupal stage. In the one day dault stage, the concentration reached a maximum. In conclusion, changes of total protein concentation through the course of the physiological cycle form a U-shaped curve when graphed against the histolysis of larval organs and the histogenesis of adult organs. In view of controlling pest, the U-shaped pattern of physiological activity indicates that control will be the most effective at the time of the most physiological weakness manifested at the two day pupal stage.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.87-89
• /
• 2007

The larval stage of Copera tokyoensis Asahina is described for the first time from Korea. The larva can be distinguished from other known larvae of Copera by the absence of lateral setae on the abdominal segments and by the labial palpal lobe, which bears three setae. Line-drawings of key characters and discussion on Korean Copera are provided.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.149-151
• /
• 2006

The larval stage of Ceraclea labulata (Martynov) is described for the first time. The larva can be distinguished from other known larvae of Korean Ceraclea by the absence of head marking and by the shape of frontoclypeus, which is equal in anterior and posterior width. The larval case is also described. Line-drawings of key characters and discussion on Korean Ceraclea are provided.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.31-37
• /
• 1998

A simple method for the in vivo production of third-stage infective juveniles(IJs) of Steinernema glaseri was developed. Using Galleria mellonella larvae, only IJs can be rapidly generated inadequate quantities for field application. The nematode inoculation concentration and incubation temperature were critically important. The most effective temperature for infectivity of Steinernema glaseri IJs to Galleria mellonella larvae was 33$^\circ C$. However, the total number of menatodes harvested at 25$^\circ C$ about 66,000 IJs per larva was significantly greater than those at other temperatures. The optimal inoculation number of nematodes was 60 to 80 nematodes per host larva. The higher nematode inoculation concentration of 100 IJs per larva caused a rapid decrease in the total number of IJs harvested. As the inoculation medium pH increased, the number of IJs harvested increased and reached about 110,000 IJs per larva at pH 9.0. The pathogenicity of IJs decreased y increasing the salt concentration in the medium.