• International Journal of Railway
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.112-119
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• 2013

A mid-size RC test apparatus (MRCA) equipped with a program is developed that can test samples up to D=10 cm diameter and H=20 cm height which are larger than usual samples used in practice. Using the developed RC test apparatus, two types of crushed trackbed foundation materials were tested in order to get the shear modulus reduction curves of the materials with changing of shear strain levels. For comparison purpose, large repetitive triaxial compression tests (LRT) with samples of height H=60cm and diameter D=30 cm were performed also. Resilient modulus obtained from the LRT was converted to shear modulus by considering elastic theory and strain level conversion and were compared to shear modulus values from the MRCA. It is found from this study that the MRCA can be used to test the trackbed foundation materials properly. It is found also that strain levels of $E_{v2}$ mostly used in the field should be verified considering the shear modulus reduction curves and proper values of $E_{v2}$ of trackbed foundation must be used considering the strain level verified.

• 지질공학
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.597-610
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• 2022

중간주응력을 고려한 마찰재료의 파괴거동에 대한 확고한 이해는 대심도 보어홀 안정성 및 단층해석 등과 관련된 현장 적용의 고도화를 위한 필수적인 과정이다. 본 연구는 진삼축압축 조건을 물리적으로 구현하는 장비를 설계·제작하였으며 마찰재료로 제작된 석고 시료에 대한 진삼축압축시험을 통하여 재료의 파괴거동 특성을 논의하고 삼차원파괴함수의 적용성을 검토하였다. 진삼축압축시험을 위한 석고 재료는 52(w) × 52(l) × 104(h) mm의 직육면체 시료로 성형하였으며 다양한 조합의 𝜎₃, 𝜎₂의 조건으로 총 24회의 진삼축압축시험이 수행되었다. 또한, 삼차원 파괴기준식의 파라미터로 사용되는 석고의 강도정수 측정을 위하여 전통적인 일축압축시험 및 삼축압축시험이 수행되었다. 석고 재료의 응력-변형 특성은 중간주응력과 최소주응력의 차이가 클수록 취성거동이 더욱 강하게 나타났으며, 시료의 강도 및 변형은 중간주응력의 변화를 반영하는 것으로 평가되었다. 주응력 좌표계에서 시험 데이터에 대한 비선형 다중회귀분석을 수행한 결과 수정 Wiebols-Cook 파괴기준 및 수정 Lade 파괴기준이 석고 시료에 대한 삼차원 파괴기준으로 가장 적합하였다.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.623-630
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• 2012

궤도하부층의 지지강성을 확보하기 위하여 설치하는 강화노반은 통상 일정 입도분포의 쇄석재료로 구성된다. 이러한 강화노반은 통과톤수의 누증 즉, 과도한 열차하중이 반복적으로 가해질 경우 영구변형이 발생할 수 있으며 이러한 영구변형은 궤도틀림의 한 원인이 될 수 있다. 또한 강화노반 재료의 적정두께를 확정하기 위해서는 이러한 영구변형 특성을 파악하는 것이 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 국내 강화노반 재료로 사용될 가능성이 높은 M-40 쇄석재료를 선정하여 대형반복삼축시험을 실시하여 재료의 회복탄성 특성과 영구변형 특성을 분석하였다. 시험으로부터 임의 전단응력비 및 반복재하횟수에 따른 회복탄성계수 특성과 영구변형 발생특성을 분석하였으며 M-40 쇄석강화노반 재료의 영구변형에 영향을 미치는 인자(반복재하횟수, 구속압, 전단응력비, 탄성계수 등)를 함께 고려할 수 있는 영구변형 예측모델을 제시하였다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.173-185
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• 2020

Calcareous soil is originated from marine biogenic sediments and weathering of carbonate rocks. The formation history for calcareous sediment includes complex physical, biological and chemical processes. It is preferably selected as the major fill materials for hydraulic reclamation and artificial island construction. Calcareous sands possess inter pores and complex shape are liable to be damaged at normal working stress level due to its fragile nature. Thus, the engineering properties of calcareous soil are greatly affected by its high compressibility and crushability. A series of triaxial shear tests were performed on calcareous sands derived from South China Sea under different test conditions. The effects of confining pressure, particle size, grading, compactness, drainage condition, and water content on the total amount of particle breakage for calcareous soil were symmetrically investigated. The test results showed that the crushing extent of calcareous sand with full gradation was smaller than that a single particle group under the same test condition. Large grains are cushioned by surrounding small particles and such micro-structure reduces the probability of breakage for well-graded sands. The increasing tendency of particle crushing for calcareous sand with a rise in confining pressure and compactness is confirmed. It is also evident that a rise in water content enhances the amount of particle breakage for calcareous sand. However, varying tendency of particle breakage with grain size is still controversial and requires further examination.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.63-72
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• 2013

필댐의 안정성은 댐 축조시 주재료로 활용되는 조립재료인 암석존(rock zone)의 공학적 거동에 의존하므로 조립재료인 rockfill 재료의 전단강도 뿐만 아니라 하중-변형 특성(stress-strain characteristics)을 보다 정확히 이해하여야 한다. 또한, 댐 제체의 거동을 예측하고 수치해석적으로 분석하기 위해서는 조립재료의 거동을 모사하기에 적합한 구성모델을 활용하기 위한 물성값 분석 및 모델 파라미터의 캘리브레이션 연구가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 부항댐 제체 재료에 대한 대형삼축압축 실험결과를 분석하고 이를 기반으로 조립재료에 대한 구성모델 파라미터들을 분석하였다. 부항댐 제체 재료를 고밀도와 저밀도로 구분하여 시료를 제작하고 다양한 구속압으로 수행된 실험결과와 캘리브레이션 된 구성모델 시물레이션 결과를 상호 비교한 결과 MD 모델이 조립재료의 응력-변형률 거동을 효과적으로 모사할 수 있음을 파악하였다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2006

Recently, experimental and theoretical studies about nonlinear behavior of large concrete structures are in progress. The purpose of this study is to describe the nonlinear behavior of a concrete specimen under compression using several plastic models and to choose the best plastic model for later use in numerical analyses of concrete structures. ABAQUS is a general-purpose FEM program and we tested all suitable embedded material models for concrete. To verify the effectiveness of nonlinear analyses, results were compared with uniaxial and triaxial compression test results.

• KCI Concrete Journal
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.127-140
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• 1999

In this paper, a microscopic analysis of prefinitelv strained cement paste specimen was carried out. The microscopic behavior of concrete under triaxial stress must be fully understood in order to explain the additional ductilitv that comes from lateral confinement and to get microstructural information in large deformed and large strained concrete. The so-called "tube-squash" test was applied to achieve enormously high shear and deviatoric strain of concrete under extremly high pressure without fracture. Then, microscopic analyses by focusing on hydration and microstructure of Prefinitely strained cement paste were carried out on cored-out deformed and virgin (undeformed) cement paste specimens : the first specimen being 40 days old, the second one being one year old. The microscopic analysis bv Field Emission Scanning Electronic Microscope (FESEM) was carried out for comparison between the specimens after 40 days and those arter one year. For one year old specimens, X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) analysis, Energy Dispersive x-rav Spectrometer (EDS) analysis, and Differential Thermal Analysis/Thermo-Gravitv (DTA/TG) analysis were also carried out to study the hydration and the microstructures of prefinitely strained cement paste specimen by focusing on the methodologies of their microscopic analyses. analyses.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.411-426
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• 2023

Soft clay is widely distributed in the southeast coastal areas of China. Many large underground structures, such as subway stations and underground pipe corridors, are shallow buried in the soft clay foundation, so the dynamic characteristics of the soft clay must be considered to the seismic design of underground structures. In this paper, the dynamic characteristics of saturated soft clay in Shanghai under the bidirectional excitation for earthquake loading are studied by dynamic triaxial tests, comparing the backbone curve and hysteretic curve of the saturated soft clay under different confining pressures with those under different vibration frequencies. Considering the coupling effects of the confining pressure and the vibration frequency, a fitting model of the maximum dynamic shear modulus was proposed by the multiple linear regression method. The M-D model was used to fit the variations of the dynamic shear modulus ratio with the shear strain. Based on the Chen model and the Park model, the effects of the consolidation confining pressure and the vibration frequency on the damping ratio were studied. The results can provide a reference to the earthquake prevention and disaster reduction in soft clay area.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2012

Soils exhibit creep behavior in which deformation and movement proceed under a state of constant stress or load. In this study, A series of triaxial tests were performed under constant principal stress in order to interpret the undrained creep characteristics of silty sands. Although samples are non-plastic silty sands, the results of tests show that the creep deformation increasing over time. Based on the results of test, Singh-Mitchell model parameters and Generalized model coefficients were calculated. Generalized model showed slightly larger deformation in the primary creep range but secondary creep deformation was almost identical. Although Singh-Mitchell model showed relatively large errors compared to Generalized model because it uses the average of test results, but Singh-Mitchell model can be easily represented by three creep parameters.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2002년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.271-278
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• 2002

Soft ground has complex features in mechanic character of ground. Some problems about the settlement and transformation occur if the ground strength is comparatively weak and the depth is large. Therefore, we should consider physical and mechanical characters for safe, economical design and management. As the result of the course, we can compare them with those of field then solve the limitations which were came from the complex character of the soft ground. I have considered the soil's physical character (specific gravity of soil particles, moisture content, grain-size analysis etc) and mechanical character (direct shear test, consolidation, triaxial shear test etc), and then make out a linear interpolation by regression using the two, those and connection of the depth