• 지질공학
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.191-203
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 대규모 절개사면에서 억지말뚝의 효과를 확인하고, 사면과 억지말뚝의 거동을 조사하였다. 먼저, 사면의 절토공사시 경사계를 이용하여 사면지반의 거동을 조사하였다. 계측결과 사면지반의 수평변위는 점차적으로 증가하고, 사면활동면의 발생위치에서 급격히 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 이를 통하여 사면활동깊이의 예측이 가능하였다. 사면활동면의 예측을 통하여 억지말뚝의 설계와 시공이 수행되었다. 그리고 억지말뚝으로 보강된 절개사면에 대하여 각종 계측시스템을 적용하여 억지말뚝의 거동을 조사하였다. 계측결과 억지말뚝의 수평변위는 켄틸레버보의 변형형상과 유사하게 발생되었으며, 말뚝두부의 철근콘크리트보의 설치로 인하여 두부의 수평변위 억제효과를 확인할 수 있다. 억지말뚝의 최대휨응력이 발생되는 깊이는 대상지반의 상부토사층이 존재하는 깊이와 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 쏘일네일링 시공을 위한 억지말뚝 전면부 사면굴착시 억지말뚝의 수평변위가 증가함을 알 수 있다. 본 연구를 통하여 대규모 절개사면에 대하여 억지말뚝의 적용성 및 효과를 확인할 수 있다.

• 항공우주산업기술동향
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2010

질량이 크고 정밀한 정렬이 요구되는 전개형 영상 레이더를 장착하기 위해서는 일반적으로 위성을 수평상태로 놓고 조립을 수행하게 된다. 이는 전개형 안테나의 회전축을 중력축과 일치시키고 전개형 안테나를 중력방향과 반대로 질량을 보상함으로써 무중력 상태를 만들어 회전축에 무리한 힘을 가하지 않기 위함이다. 이러한 전개형 영상 레이더를 장착하기 위해서는 위성이 수평 상태로 놓이더라도 위성체 처짐이 없는 수직상태와 동일한 형상을 만들어 주어야 한다. 처짐이 발생한 위성체에 안테나를 장착하고 수직상태로 변경하면 처짐이 발생한 부분이 강제적으로 원상복귀하려는 힘으로 인해 안테나 정렬이 틀어질 수 있기 때문이다. 본 논문에서는 수평상태에서 위성의 처짐값을 확인하기 위한 방안을 찾고 처짐 보상을 위한 Reaction Force 값을 어떻게 구할 것인지를 보여주고 있다.

• 임산에너지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.84-91
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• 1999

The objective of this study was to present creep and the effects of mechano-sorptive deflection of drift pin moment resisting joint between LVL members under changing relative humidity (RH) conditions. The LVL members with steel gusset were jointed by a square pattern of eight injected drift pin. Three diameter drift pins were used to test specimens (6mm, 10mm, and 16mm). The creep test was conducted under two constant loading conditions : one at 30 kgf(840 kgf-cm) and the other at 60 kgf(1680 kgf-cm). The experiment was conducted in an open shed outside. (1)The total rotation creep model of moment resisting joing can be expressed as the sum of the creep of controlled environment (3-parameter model), dimensional change and mechano-sorptive deflection resulting from the variable environment. (2)Mechanosorptive rotation creep is recoverable as moisture content increases during adsorption. Least squares method for linear regression analysis was performed using mechano-sorptive rotation creep as the dependent variable and moisture content as the independent variable. The slope of low moment specimens are compared with those of high moment. This means that low moment condition is more easily affected by changes in humidity than high moment conditions. (3)Although creep deflection is higher for small diameter drift pin than for large diameter drift pin, the shape of creep deflection curves for all specimens is similar.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.649-657
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• 2019

Recently, an advanced video deflectometer based on the principle of off-axis digital image correlation was presented and advocated for remote and real-time deflection monitoring of large engineering structures. In engineering practice, measurement accuracy is one of the most important technical indicators of the video deflectometer. However, it has been observed in many outdoor experiments that data drift often presents in the measured deflection-time curves, which is caused by the instability of imaging system and the unavoidable influences of ambient interferences (e.g., ambient light changes, ambient temperature variations as well as ambient vibrations) in non-laboratory conditions. The non-ideal unstable imaging conditions seriously deteriorate the measurement accuracy of the video deflectometer. In this work, to perform high-accuracy deflection monitoring, potential sources for the drift error are analyzed, and a drift error model is established by considering these error sources. Based on this model, a simple, easy-to-implement yet effective reference point compensation method is proposed for real-time removal of the drift error in measured deflections. The practicality and effectiveness of the proposed method are demonstrated by in-situ deflection monitoring of railway and highway bridges.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제28권9호
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• pp.1352-1358
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• 2004

The mechanical spring is one of widely used machine elements. Among various kinds, flat-type spring loaded by a rotating pin was studied. A flat spring was simplified to a cantilever beam, and numerical analysis was attempted. Since the loading pin rotates about a separate axis from the fixed spring or vice versa, the location, direction, and magnitude of the contact force including normal contact and friction loads vary accordingly. Meanwhile, the spring is deformed substantially as the relative motion progresses. Therefore, this problem needs to be formulated taking the follower loading characteristics and geometrical non-linearity into account. Derived nonlinear differential equation was solved to yield the spring deflection, contact force and the torque to rotate the pin, and the result was compared with a finite element solution. Also, the influences of principal design parameters were studied. The proposed methodology is expected to be useful for the design of pin-loaded flat spring and the prevention of mechanical failures in the form of yielding or fatigue failure of spring or severe wear of the components.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.71-89
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• 2012

The paper investigates beam lateral buckling stability according to linear and non-linear models. Closed form solutions for single-symmetric cross sections are first derived according to a non-linear model considering flexural-torsional coupling and pre-buckling deformation effects. The closed form solutions are compared to a beam finite element developed in large torsion. Effects of pre-buckling deflection and gradient moment on beam stability are not well known in the literature. The strength of singly symmetric I-beams under gradient moments is particularly investigated. Beams with T and I cross-sections are considered in the study. It is concluded that pre-buckling deflections effects are important for I-section with large flanges and analytical solutions are possible. For beams with T-sections, lateral buckling resistance depends not only on pre-buckling deflection but also on cross section shape, load distribution and buckling modes. Effects of pre-buckling deflections are important only when the largest flange is under compressive stresses and positive gradient moments. For negative gradient moments, all available solutions fail and overestimate the beam strength. Numerical solutions are more powerful. Other load cases are investigated as the stability of continuous beams. Under arbitrary loads, all available solutions fail, and recourse to finite element simulation is more efficient.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.647-664
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• 2006

In this study, an improved finite element formulation with a scheme of solution for the large deflection analysis of inextensible prismatic and nonprismatic slender beams is developed. For this purpose, a three-noded Lagrangian beam-element with two dependent degrees of freedom per node (i.e., the vertical displacement, y, and the actual slope, $dy/ds=sin{\theta}$, where s is the curved coordinate along the deflected beam) is used to derive the element stiffness matrix. The element stiffness matrix in the global xy-coordinate system is achieved by means of coordinate transformation of a highly nonlinear ($6{\times}6$) element matrix in the local sy-coordinate. Because of bending with large curvature, highly nonlinear expressions are developed within the global stiffness matrix. To achieve the solution after specifying the proper loading and boundary conditions, an iterative quasi-linearization technique with successive corrections are employed considering these nonlinear expressions to remain constant during all iterations of the solution. In order to verify the validity and the accuracy of this study, the vertical and the horizontal displacements of prismatic and nonprismatic beams subjected to various cases of loading and boundary conditions are evaluated and compared with analytic solutions and numerical results by available references and the results by ADINA, and excellent agreements were achieved. The main advantage of the present technique is that the solution is directly obtained, i.e., non-incremental approach, using few iterations (3 to 6 iterations) and without the need to split the stiffness matrix into elastic and geometric matrices.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.231-236
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• 2004

The area of flat glass panel displays such as LCD (Liquid crystal display) and PDP (Plasma display panel) has been increased more than 2 $\times$ 2 m$^2$ for productivity improvement. However, such a large panel area incurs large panel deflection during panel transfer using robots or AGV (Automated guided vehicle) systems. Therefore, electronic industries are making an effort to find an alternative transfer system for the large glass panels with small deflection. The air conveyor with porous pads is one plausible solution, but it becomes expensive because the large porous pads cost much and air consumption increases as the panel area increases. In this work, a simple air slit levitating conveyor was devised to lower the equipment cost and to reduce the air consumption of system. The air flow model between the LCD glass panel and conveyor was constructed and its validity was verified by experiments. To minimize the air consumption, the conveyor dimensions were optimized, and the air consumptions between the air conveyors with the air slit and that with the porous pad were compared.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2007

교량의 교각과 같은 원형기둥구조물의 성능과 강도을 향상시키기 위해 최근 콘크리트 충전강관(CFT: concrete-filled steel tube)의 적용이 점차 증가하고 있다. 이러한 콘크리트 충전강관 구조물의 정확한 소성설계를 위해서는 사용된 재료인 강재 및 콘크리트의 대변형 거동을 구현할 수 있는 소성모델이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 사용강재의 실험을 통하여 제안된 소성모델을 적용한 탄소성 대변형 해석을 개발하였으며 콘크리트 충전강관 기둥 해석과 실험 결과에 비교하여 그 정도 및 타당성을 검증하였다. 그리고 개발된 프로그램을 이용하여 콘크리트 충전강관 기둥의 초기처짐이 극한장도에 미치는 영향 및 상관관계를 명확히 파악하였다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집A
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• pp.969-974
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• 2001

Circular cylindrical tubes are widely used in structures such as vehicles and aircraft structures, where light weight and high compressive/bending/torsional load carrying capacity are required. When axially compressed, relatively thick circular cylindrical tubes deform in a so-called ring mode. Each ring develops and completely collapses one by one until the entire length of the tube collapses. During the collapse process the tube absorbs a large amount of energy. Like honey-comb structures, circular cylindrical tubes are light weighted, are capable of high axial compressive load, and absorb a large amount of energy before being completely collapsed. In this report, the subject of axial plastic buckling of circular cylindrical tubes was reviewed first. Then, the axial collapse process of the tubes in a so-called ring mode was studied both experimentally and numerically. In the experiment, steel tubes were axially compressed slowly until they were completely collapsed. Fixed boundary condition was provided. Numerical study involves axisymmetric, elastic-plastic, large deflection, self-contact mechanisms. The measured and calculated results were presented and compared with each other. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the load carrying capacity and the energy absorbing capacity of the tube.