• 정보처리학회논문지B
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• 제11B권5호
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• pp.597-602
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• 2004

최근 웹이나 가상환경에서는 아바타의 활용이 증가하고 있으나, 아바타의 행위를 사용자가 직접 제어하는 수준의 서비스는 이루어지지 못하고 있다. 또한 기존에 제공되었던 언어들에는 제어에 필요한 복잡한 세부 정보들이 많이 포함되어 있어서 사용자가 작성하기에 까다로움이 많았으며, 작성한 언어를 다른 작업 도메인에 적용하고자 할 때에도 언어를 수정하거나 재 작성해야하는 번거로움이 있었다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 아바타의 행위를 간단히 정의하기 위해, 작업수준별 아바타의 행위를 작성 할 수 있는 “작업 수준의 행위 표현 언어”와 동작에 관련된 세부적인 데이터를 작성 할 수 있는 “동작 표현 언어”로 각각 정의하였다. 또한 시스템 내에 “인터프리터”를 두어 동작 표현 언어를 자동으로 생성 할 수 있도록 함으로써, 사용자가 행위 표현 언어만으로 아바타의 행위를 쉽게 제어 할 수 있는 시스템을 구성하였다. 이러한 내용을 사이버 강의에 적용해 보고, 정의한 작업 수준의 행위 표현 언어를 기존 언어들과 비교하여 아바타의 행위를 얼마나 간단히 표현할 수 있는지 검토하였다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.123-131
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to investigate the comprehension and production of various tense markings in Korean-speaking children with and without language delay. Thirty children with language delay(LD) and 30 typically developing(TD) children participated in the study. In each group, half were at the age of 4-years and the other half at 7-years. In both the comprehension and production task, 28 verbs containing four types of tense markings were used: past tense '-et ta', two present progressives '-ko itta', '-enta', and future tense '-elyeko hanta'. In the comprehension task, the children were presented with three printed still-scenes of video recording of a verb action, each representing future, present progressive, and past tense of the verb, respectively. Then they listened to the action verb with one of the 4 tense markings and had to pick the scene that matched the verb tense. In the production task, the children were given one of the three scenes and asked to produce the verb with appropriate tense marking. In both tasks, the LD children performed significantly worse than the TD children, and the older children performed significantly better than the younger children. Interestingly, the pattern of performances across different types of tense markings at the two language-age levels were closely similar in LD children and TD children. This similarity of groups seemed stronger in the comprehension task than the production task.

• 음성과학
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2003

This study attempted to determine the effects of a context-based drawing task on the language expression of a severe Wernicke's and Broca's aphasic. The subjects in this study showed a poor auditory comprehension and naming performance. They also showed paraphasia and perseveration. This study focused on improving language expression by a drawing task based on conversation at hand. Ten target words were chosen which were easily drawnable and familiar to the subjects. The results showed that the context-based drawing task was effective on improving the subjects' confrontation naming ability and expressive language ability in terms of explanation of sentences. In addition, the Broca's aphasic showed improved naming ability when the contextual cues were given and he was supposed to spontaneously name words.

• 영어영문학
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• 제57권6호
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• pp.911-938
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• 2011

The present study examined the effect of two variables of task complexity, reasoning demand and time pressure, each from the resourcedirecting and resource-dispersing dimension in Robinson's (2001) framework of task classification. Reasoning demand was operationalized as the two types of texts to read and summarize, expository and argumentative. Time pressure was operationalized as the two modes of performance, oral and written. Six university students summarized the two types of text orally and twenty four students from the same school summarized them in the written form. Results from t test and ANCOVA showed that in the oral mode, reasoning demand tends to heighten the complexity of the language used in the summary in competition with accuracy but such an effect disappeared in the written mode. It was interpreted that the degree of time pressure is not the only difference between the oral and written modes but that the two modes may be fundamentally different cognitive tasks, and that Robinson's (2001) and Skehan's (1998) models were differentially supported by the oral mode of tasks but not by the written mode of the tasks.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2024

심리언어학적 접근에 기반한 말처리 모델은 다양한 경로를 통해 말소리장애아동의 구체적인 말처리 결함을 한눈에 파악할 수 있는 모델이다. 말소리장애아동이 보이는 말산출 결함은 원인을 알 수 없는 경우가 대부분이기 때문에 개별화된 중재를 위해서는 기저의 강약점을 파악하는 것이 중요하다. 또한 말소리장애 아동의 모국어 결함은 외국어 산출에도 영향을 미칠 수 있기 때문에 모국어와 외국어라는 두 언어 간 말처리 능력을 함께 살펴볼 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 한국어-영어 말처리 평가시스템 개발을 위한 예비연구로, 말소리장애아동(SSD) 10명과 일반아동(NSA) 20명을 대상으로 말산출 과제와 말처리 과제(변별, 음운표상판단, 비단어따라말하기)를 한국어와 영어로 각각 실시하여 언어종류에 따른 집단 간 비교를 시도하였다. 연구 결과, SSD 집단은 두 언어에서 모두 NSA 집단에 비해 유의하게 낮은 산출능력을 보였다. 말처리 과제 결과, 변별과제에서는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않은 반면, 음운표상판단과제의 경우 언어 종류 간, 비단어따라말하기과제의 경우 언어종류와 집단 간에서도 그 차이가 유의하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 통해 아동의 모국어와 외국어 처리능력은 상이할 수 있으며, 추후 말처리 평가 프로그램 개발을 위해 하위과제를 보다 세분화하고 난이도를 조절할 필요가 있음을 확인하였다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2010

The present study aims to investigate neural activations according to the level of code switching in English proficient bilinguals and to find the relationship between the performance of language switching and proficiency level using ERPs (event-related potentials). First, when comparing high-proficient (HP) with low-proficient (LP) bilingual performance in a native language environment, the activation level of N2 was observed to be higher in the HP group than in the LP group, but only under two conditions: 1) the language switching (between-language) condition known as indexing attention of code switching and 2) the inhibition of current language for L1. Another effect of N400 can be shown in both groups only in the language non-switching (within-language) condition. This effect suggests that both groups completed the semantic acceptability task well in their native language environment without the burden of language switching, irrespective of high or low performance. The latencies of N400 are only about 100ms earlier in the HP group than in the LP group. This difference can be interpreted as facilitation of the given task. These results suggest that HP showed the differential activation in inhibitory system for L1 in switching condition of L1-to-L2 to be contrary to inactivation of inhibitory system for the LP group. Despite the absence of an N400 effect at the given task in both groups, differential latencies between the peaks were attributed to the differences of efficiency in semantic processing.

• 한국어교육
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.125-154
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• 2018

This study aims to analyze the types of writing tasks in Korean language and literature majors. There are many foreign students in the department of Korean language and literature. It is important to identify the type of task that is the subject of communication when conducting communication activities in an academic context. In particular, writing tasks are among the most important tasks that learners must perform. This is because most of the tasks assigned within the university curriculum are assigned to writing tasks, and evaluation is often done through learner writing. Therefore, this study investigated the types of tasks to be imposed on Korean Language and Literature majors. As a result, summary is the most frequent type of task in the department of Korean language. And in the department of Korean literature, review is most frequent type of task. The results of this study will help to prepare contents for foreign undergraduates of Korean language and literature majors.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.123-142
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• 2009

The present study used multi-faceted Rasch measurement to explore the characteristics and bias patterns of non-native raters when they scored L2 writing tasks. Three raters scored 254 writing tasks written by Korean university students on two topics adapted from the TOEFL Test of Written English (TWE). The written products were assessed using a five-category rating scale (Content, Organization, Language in Use, Grammar, and Mechanics). The raters only showed a difference in severity with regard to rating categories but not in task types. Overall, the raters scored Grammar most harshly and Organization most leniently. The results also indicated several bias patterns of ratings with regard to the rating categories and task types. In rater-task bias interactions, each rater showed recurring bias patterns in their rating between two writing tasks. Analysis of rater-category bias interaction showed that the three raters revealed biased patterns across all the rating categories though they were relatively consistent in their rating. The study has implications for the importance of rater training and task selection in L2 writing assessment.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1996년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집(국내학술편); 포항공과대학교, 포항; 24-26 Oct. 1996
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• pp.1396-1399
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• 1996

With the progress in process automation, it becomes necessary that a robot should have various sophisticated capabilities. A robot programming language is a tool that can give a robot such capabilities without any change in robot architecture. Especially a task level automatic programming system enables a robot able to perform a job intelligently. Therefore anyone who is not an expert on welding or robot programming can easily use it. In this research, basic automatic welding program is combined with workspace information, which makes users do an arc welding job automatically.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.28-34
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• 2002

목적 : Event-related fMRl를 위한 통계학적 자극설계에서 최소 자극간격(Minimum Stimulus Onset Asynchronoy: SOAmin)은 중요한 요소로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 통계학적 자극설계를 이용한 event-related fMRI에서 언어과제와 운동과제의 보다 큰 활성화 신호를 얻기 위한 치적의 SOAmin을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 4명의 오른손잡이 정상 자원자를 대상으로 운동과 언어의 event-related fMRI를 얻었다. 기능적 자기공명영상은 1.5T기기에서 EPI-BOLD시퀀스를 사용하였다. 각 과제에서 SOAmin을 2, 3, 4, 6초로 달리한 4회의 자극을 이용하여 활성화를 유도하였다. 영상 후 처리는 SPM99를 이용하였으며 활성화 신호의 유의수준은 p<0.05를 기준으로 하였다. 각 과제에서 나타난 활성화 신호를 Z값, 활성화된 화소수와 군집성을 기준으로 비교하였다. 결과 : 운동과제에서는 중심구(1차 운동영역)와 내전두엽(2차 운동영역)에서 활성화 신호가 나타났고, 언어과제에서는 좌측 하전두회 (Broca영역)에서 일정한 활성화 신호가 나타났다. 운동과 언어과제에서 활성화 신호는 SOAmin이 작아질 수록 커지는 경향을 나타내었다. 운동과제에서 1차 운동영역의 활성화 신호는 3초, 2차 운동영역에서는 2초의 SOAmin을 적용한 경우 가장 큰 활성화 신호가 나타났고, 언어과제에서는 2초의 SOAmin을 적용한 경우 가장 큰 활성화 신호가 나타났다. 결론 : 통계학적 자극설계를 이용한 event-related URI로 운동과 언어의 기능적 자기공명영상을 얻기 위해서는 2초 또는 3초의 짧은 SOAmin이 효과적이었다.