• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.16-26
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• 2001

In this paper, we present a new scheduling method called CDSS(Carried-Dependence Self-Scheduling) for efficiently execution of the loop with intra dependency between iterations based on the central queue. We also implemented it on shared memory system using Java language. Also, we study the modification that converts the existing self-scheduling method based on the central task queue for parallel loops onto the same form applied to loop with loop-carried dependences. The proposed method is self scheduling and assigns the loops in three-level considering the synchronization point according to the dependence distance of the loops. To adapt the proposed scheme and modified methods into various platforms, including a uni-processor system, we use threads for implementation. Compared to other assignment algorithms with various changes of application and system parameters, CDSS is found to be more efficient than other methods in overall execution time including scheduling overheads. CDSS shows improved performance over modified SS, Factoring, GSS and CSS by about 0.02, 40.5, 46.1 and 53.6%, respectively. In CDSS, we achieve the best performance on varying application programs using a few threads, which equal the dependence distance.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.637-648
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• 2013

The relationship between the cerebral cortex and human intelligence has been studied using various methods, and related brain areas involved in intellectual manifestation have been discovered individually. Such studies have also shown the cerebellum is closely involved in various cognitive functions such as language, memory, and information processing. However, studies showing an activity difference between the cerebral cortex and cerebellum when performing specific tasks are hard to find. This study searched and analyzed the active regions of the cerebral cortex and cerebellum seen while performing the inference of geometrical figures. A WAIS intelligence test was conducted using 81 healthy boys (16.3 years of age on average), and five categories were classified. While performing the inference of shapes, their brain images were taken using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). As a result, the activity in 12 brain regions was observed, including in the cerebral cortex, the bilateral inferior parietal, the visual cortex, bilateral superior parietal, frontal-Inf-Tri-R, and bilateral caudate, while activities in 5 discrete areas were seen in the cerebellum. In particular, the higher the intelligence (IQ) of the subject, the stronger their activity. Among those with the most superior intelligence, subjects with an IQ of 140-147 showed significantly higher activity compared to the other groups. Such results seem to represent a very high utilization of intelligence in a highly gifted group, and we can expect to use this to determine the super gifted.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.989-992
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• 1999

Battery로 작동되고, 소형인 제품들도 다양한 기능은 물론이고, 다양한 입출력 장치를 갖추고, 실시간으로 처리하는 시스템이 많이 요구되고 있는 실정이며, 점차 더욱 더 요구될 것으로 전망된다. 더욱이 포터블 기기는 일반적으로 MCU의 내부에 제한된 ROM type 메모리를 내장하게 되면, 데이터 메모리로 SRAM 및 flash memory를 갗추고 있다. 따라서 이러한 제한된 하드웨어 환경하에서 많은 기능을 수행해야 하는 경우가 많다. 여러 기능을 시간적인 간격으로 배분하거나, 기능 자체를 서로 배분하면서, 서로 융합하는 등의 여러 가지 기능을 수행하려다보면, 당연히 메인 소프트웨어 구조가 복잡해지며 대부분 어셈블리나 C와 같은 linear한 구조를 가지는 language로 개발되기 때문에 효과적인 프로그램 구조를 세우기는 쉽지 않다. 본 논문에서는 이를 위해 좀더 규격화된 방법을 제시하고자 한다. 보다 구체적인 구조를 연구할 목적으로 다양한 테스크를 수행하여야 하는 시스템이면서 프로세서가 필요한 포터블 기기의 한 응용 제품인 MP3 Player 에서 요구되는 job scheduling을 연구한다. 필요한 작업의 종류는 가장 부하가 많이 걸리는 압축된 MP3 file을 다시 복원시켜주는 codec 부분과 일정 시간 간격을 가지고 수행하여야 하는 외부 키보드 입력과 실시간으로 시간을 계산하는 타이머 기능, 그리고 LCD에 시간의 변화를 표시하여 주어야한다. 이와같이 수시로 작업이 발생하지만 시간 점유율이 중간 정도인 LCD 컨트롤과 메모리 컨트롤 등이다. 프로세서의 속도를 최소한으로 줄이면서 스케줄링에 의해 시간 문제를 해결하는 방법을 제시하도록 한다. 이는 기초과학 수준이 높은 북방권 국가들의 과학자들이 주로 활용되고 있다는 점에서도 잘 알 수 있으며 우리의 과학기술 약점을 보완하는 원천으로써 외국인 연구 인력이 대안이 되고 있음을 시사한다. 본 연구에서는 한국 연구 조직에서 일하는 외국인 연구자들의 동기 및 성과에 영향을 미치는 많은 요인들을 확인할 수 있었다. 상관관계, 분산분석, 회귀분석 등을 통해 활용 성과에 미치는 영향 요인들을 도출하였다. 설문 분석을 통하여 동기 및 성과 사이에는 강한 상관관계가 존재하는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며 이는 전통적인 동기 이론들과 부합한다. 대부분의 변수가 동기 및 성과에 동시에 영향을 미치는 것으로 조사되었으며 그중에서도 조직 협력 문화, 외국인 연구자의 의사소통 및 협력성, 외국인 연구자의 연구 능력 관련 변수들 및 연구 프로젝트의 기술수명주기, 외국인 연구자의 기존 기술지식의 흡수 등이 가장 중요한 변수로 나타났다. 이는 우리가 주로 중국 및 러시아 과학자들을 활용하여 상업화하는 외국인 연구인력 활용 패턴과도 일치하는 결과이다. 즉 우호적인 조직문화를 가지고 있는 연구 조직에서, 이미 과학기술 지식을 많이 가지고 있고 연구 능력도 높은 외국인 과학기술자를, 한국에서 기술이 태동 또는 성장하고 있는 연구 분야에서 활용하는 것이 가장 성과가 좋다는 사실을 확인시켜 주고 있다. 국내에서 최초로 수행된 본 연구는 외국인 연구 인력의 활용 성과가 매우 높으며, 우리의 과학기술혁신시스템을 보완하는 유효한 수단으로써 외국인 연구 인력이 중요한 대안이 될 수 있음을 발견하였다. 외국인 연구 인력을 잘 활용하기 위하여 문제점 및 개선방안을 활용 환경, 연구 인력이 중요한 대안이 될 수

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.36-49
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• 2005

Recently, many researchers have given high attention to the semantic web services based on the semantic web technology While existing web services use the XML-based web service description language, WSDL, semantic web services are utilizing web service description languages such as DAML-S in ontology languages. The researchers of semantic web services are generally focused on web service discovery, web service invocation, web service selection and composition, and web service execution monitoring. Especially, the semantic web service discovery as the basis to accomplish the ultimate semantic web service environment has some different properties from previous information discovery areas. Hence, it is necessary to develop the storage system and discovery mechanism appropriate to the semantic well description languages. Even though some related systems have been developed, they are not appropriate for the embedded system environment, such as intelligent robotics, in which there are some limitations on memory disk space, and computing power In this regard, we in the embedded system environment have developed the document management system which efficiently manages the web service documents described by DAML-S for the purpose of the semantic web service discovery, In addition, we address the distinguishing characteristics of the system developed in this paper, compared with the related researches.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.143-152
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• 1987

The digital data were obtained using Kennedy 9000 magnetic tape deck which was connected to the SMS960 side scan sonar during the field operations. The data of three consecutive survey tracks near Seongsan-po, Cheju were used for the development of this study. The softwares were mainly written in Fortran-77 using VAX 11/780 MINI-COMPUTER (CPU Memory; 4MB). The established mapping system consists of the pretreatment and the digital processing of seafloor image data. The pretreatment was necessary because the raw digital data format of the field magnetic tapes was not compatible to the VAX system. Therefore the raw data were read by the personal computer using the Assembler language and the data format was converted to IBM compatible, and next data were communicated to the VAX system. The digital processing includes geometrical correction for slant range, statistical analysis and cartography of the seafloor image. The sound speed in the water column was assumed 1,500 m/sec for the slant range correction and the moving average method was used for the signal trace smoothing. Histograms and cumulative curves were established for the statistical analysis, that was purposed to classify the backscattering strength from the sea-bottom. The seafloor image was displayed on the color screen of the TEKTRONIX 4113B terminal. According to the brief interpretation of the result image map, rocky and sedimentary bottoms were very well discriminated. Also it was shown that the backscattered acoustic pressurecorrelateswith the grain size and sorting of surface sediments.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.64
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• pp.27-62
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• 2020

The article has the characteristics of a preliminary writing about how to look at the trend of new archives 'fever' and 'impulsion' emerging around the domestic and foreign art world, which have not been paid much attention yet in the 'mainstream' archive research, and how to accept it independently. Specifically, this study aims to examine how archival art is involved in history and memory with aesthetic attitudes and methods through observation of recent tendency of domestic archive art, and what implications or influence the 'archival impulse' phenomenon in the art world can have on the research trend of 'archival studies.' First, I would like to look at the meaningful movement to reinterpret and actively accept archival impulses in concrete overseas cases, that is, the archive system of a public archive in the United States. This is followed by an attempt to explore the characteristics and characteristics of creative works that are carried out through the medium of archives, that has not yet reached the level of organization of specific archive methods but are sporadically attempted in the domestic art world. It examines how so-called 'archive artists' record unrecorded in a way that is not observed in the existing archival world, and how they summon and include excluded history in aesthetic language. In conclusion, this study explores the possibility of pulling the historical records of tradition out from archival boxes and reinterpreting them as living archives within the contemporary emotional structure from this new artistic trend called 'archival art'.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.178-186
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• 2020

Background: Cognitive impairment is a public health burden. Our objective was to investigate associations between work hours and cognitive function. Methods: Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) participants (n = 2,497; 50.7% men; age range 44-84 years) reported hours per week worked in all jobs in Exams 1 (2000-2002), 2 (2002-2004), 3 (2004-2005), and 5 (2010-2011). Cognitive function was assessed (Exam 5) using the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (version 2), a measure of global cognitive functioning; the Digit Symbol Coding, a measure of processing speed; and the Digit Span test, a measure of attention and working memory. We used a prospective approach and linear regression to assess associations for every 10 hours of work. Results: Among all participants, associations of hours worked with cognitive function of any type were not statistically significant. In occupation-stratified analyses (interaction p = 0.051), longer work hours were associated with poorer global cognitive function among Sales/Office and blue-collar workers, after adjustment for age, sex, physical activity, body mass index, race/ethnicity, educational level, annual income, history of heart attack, diabetes, apolipoprotein E-epsilon 4 allele (ApoE4) status, birth-place, number of years in the United States, language spoken at MESA Exam 1, and work hours at Exam 5 (β = -0.55, 95% CI = -0.99, -0.09) and (β = -0.80, -1.51, -0.09), respectively. In occupation-stratified analyses (interaction p = 0.040), we also observed an inverse association with processing speed among blue-collar workers (adjusted β = -0.80, -1.52, -0.07). Sex, race/ethnicity, and ApoE4 did not significantly modify associations between work hours and cognitive function. Conclusion: Weak inverse associations were observed between work hours and cognitive function among Sales/Office and blue-collar workers.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.1107-1114
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• 2004

System Packet Interface Level 4 Phase 2(SPI-4.2) is an interface for packet and cell transfer between a physical layer(PHY) device and a link layer device, for aggregate bandwidths of OC-192 ATM and Packet Over Sonet/SDH(POS), as well as 10Gbps Ethernet applications. SPI-4.2 core consists of Tx and Rx modules and supports full duplex communication. Tx module of SPI-4.2 core writes 64-bit data word and 14-bit header information from the user interface into asynchronous FIFO and transmits DDR(Double Data Rate) data over PL4 interface. Rx module of SPI-4.2 core operates in vice versa. Tx and Rx modules of SPI-4.2 core are designed to support maximum 256-channel and control the bandwidth allocation by configuring the calendar memory. Automatic DIP4 and DIP-2 parity generation and checking are implemented within the designed core. The designed core uses Xilinx ISE 5.li tool and is described in VHDL Language and is simulated by Model_SIM 5.6a. The designed core operates at 720Mbps data rate per line, which provides an aggregate bandwidth of 11.52Gbps. SPI-4.2 interface core is suited for line cards in gigabit/terabit routers, and optical cross-connect switches, and SONET/SDH-based transmission systems.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.258-268
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• 2001

The compression method is necessarily used to send the high quality moving picture that contains a number of data in image processing. In the field of moving picture compression method, the motion estimation algorithm is used to reduce the temporal redundancy. Block matching algorithm to be usually used is distinguished partial search algorithm with full search algorithm. Full search algorithm be used in this paper is the method to compare the reference block with entire block in the search window. It is very efficient and has simple data flow and control circuit. But the bigger the search window, the larger hardware size, because large computational operation is needed. In this paper, we design the full search block matching motion estimator. Using the DCT DC values, we decide luminance. And we apply 3 bit compare-selector using bit plane to I(Intra coded) picture, not using 8 bit luminance signals. Also it is suggested that use the same selective bit for the P(Predicted coded) and B(Bidirectional coded) picture. We compare based full search method with PSNR(Peak Signal to Noise Ratio) for C language modeling. Its condition is the reference block 8$\times$8, the search window 24$\times$24 and 352$\times$288 gray scale standard video images. The result has small difference that we cannot see. And we design the suggested motion estimator that hardware size is proved to reduce 38.3％ for structure I and 30.7％ for structure II. The memory is proved to reduce 31.3％ for structure I and II.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 2006

We have developed a control electronics system for an infrared detector array of KASINICS (KASI Near Infrared Camera System), which is a new ground-based instrument of the Korea Astronomy and Space science Institute (KASI). Equipped with a $512{\times}512$ InSb array (ALADDIN III Quadrant, manufactured by Raytheon) sensitive from 1 to $5{\mu}m$, KASINICS will be used at J, H, Ks, and L-bands. The controller consists of DSP(Digital Signal Processor), Bias, Clock, and Video boards which are installed on a single VME-bus backplane. TMS320C6713DSP, FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array), and 384-MB SDRAM(Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory) are included in the DSP board. DSP board manages entire electronics system, generates digital clock patterns and communicates with a PC using USB 2.0 interface. The clock patterns are downloaded from a PC and stored on the FPGA. UART is used for the communication with peripherals. Video board has 4 channel ADC which converts video signal into 16-bit digital numbers. Two video boards are installed on the controller for ALADDIN array. The Bias board provides 16 dc bias voltages and the Clock board has 15 clock channels. We have also coded a DSP firmware and a test version of control software in C-language. The controller is flexible enough to operate a wide range of IR array and CCD. Operational tests of the controller have been successfully finished using a test ROIC (Read-Out Integrated Circuit).