• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.79-83
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• 2017

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis may induce impairment of speech motor system. This review discusses the characteristics of dysarthria and symptom management for these conditions. Given the progressive nature of the neurodegenerative diseases, speech-language pathologists must be aware of appropriate augmentative and alternative communication equipment at the early stage of the disease course. Patients with neurodegenerative diseases can maintain functional communication with augmentative and alternative communication supports.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2011.06c
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• pp.244-247
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• 2011

사람은 성장 배경이나 학습에 따라 고유의 언어 사용 특성을 가지게 된다. 이러한 언어 사용 특성은 개인의 언어 유창성에 대한 지표를 제공하며, 언어 사용 특성에 대한 분석은 장애에 따른 변화에도 능동적으로 대처할 수 있게 한다. 그러나 어떤 특정인의 언어 사용 특성을 파악하는 연구는 아직 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 개인 언어 사용 특성 파악을 위하여 일차적으로 일반인들의 그림 설명글 데이터를 모았으며, 이에 대한 분석 결과에 기반하여 언어 장애 진단에 적용하기 위한 언어 사용 특성을 파악하고자 한다. 본 연구의 결과로 형태소 단위, 단어 단위, 그리고 내용 전달의 방식에 따른 개인의 언어 사용특성을 일부 파악할 수 있었으며, 이와 같은 특성은 향후 치매와 같은 인지 기능 장애로 인한 언어 사용의 변화를 추적하는데 중요한 실마리를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.10
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• pp.1199-1203
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• 2002

Purpose : The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of auditory brainstem response(ABR) as a screening tool in children with speech and language disorders. Methods : Between January 1, 1999 and December 31, 2001, 139 patients with chief complaints of speech and language delay were recruited from the pediatric neurology clinic, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea. They had ABR on entry and the clinical data were then analyzed. Results : Fifteen out of 139 cases(10.8%) showed abnormal findings; seven had pervasive developmental disorders, four had developmental language disorders, and four were noted to have other conditions. Among them, seven cases were noted to have conductive hearing loss and eight had sensoryneuronal hearing loss. We also evaluated the normal values in children at the ages of 18 months to seven years. The mean latency of wave I and V were $1.40{\pm}0.13$ and $5.57{\pm}0.26$ respectively. Interpeak latency of I-V was $4.18{\pm}0.24$. Conclusion : Based on these findings, ABR has proved to be a highly sensitive and specific index of hearing impairment. It should be used as a screening tool in children with speech and language disorders.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.46-55
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• 1992

The pathophysiology of developmental language disorder is a highly controversial matter. In order to investigate the neural mechanisms involved in developmental language disorders, the authors studied three dimensional regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) using Tc-99mH-MPAO in 42 children with developmental language disorders. The results are summarized as follows : 1) 61.9% (26/42) of this series revealed decreased perfusion in SPECT. 2) Regions of hypoperfusion were seen in cerebral cortex(47.6%, 20/42), thalamus(33.3%, 14/42), basal ganglia(11.9%, 5/42) and cerebellum(7.1%, 3/42). This study suggests that developmental language disorder could be due to specific functional impairment of the local brain regions which could not detected by conventional investigations such as brain CT or EEG.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.307-312
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• 2016

Alzheimer's disease is the most common degenerative brain diseases that causes dementia. ${\beta}$-amyloid neuritic plaque density that accumulates in the brain is difficult to perform daily living, such as memory loss, language ability deterioration. It is used to estimate ${\beta}$-amyloid neuritic plaque density in adult patients with cognitive impairment who are being evaluated for Alzheimer's disease and other causes of cognitive impairment. Using the $^{18}F$-Florbetaben with high sensitivity and specificity for the ${\beta}$-amyloid neuritic plaque density to evaluate the usefulness for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. In $^{18}F$-FDG Brain imaging shows no specific findings. And it appeared on the MR-Brain imaging without atrophy of the hippocampus. However, the intake of ${\beta}$-amyloid neuritic plaque density in $^{18}F$-Florbetaben informs that it is the progress of Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, $^{18}F$-Florobetaben is very useful for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.

• Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.117-126
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• 2024

Background and Purpose: The Korean-Mini Mental State Examination, 2nd edition (K-MMSE~2) was recently released. This study aimed to determine whether the K-MMSE~2: Standard Version (K-MMSE~2:SV) had the same test characteristics as the K-MMSE. Methods: A total of 1,514 healthy community-based participants aged 19 to 90 years were administered the K-MMSE~2:SV Blue Form along with the language items from the K-MMSE. The item and test characteristics and test information for the K-MMSE~2:SV and K-MMSE were compared using Item Response Theory analysis. Results: Item discriminations for the K-MMSE~2:SV and K-MMSE were above the moderate range for all items except Recall. Most of the items on the K-MMSE~2:SV and K-MMSE had item category difficulty in the very easy or easy range. The test information curve (TIC) showed that the K-MMSE~2:SV and K-MMSE provide almost the same amount of information (27.86 vs. 28.44), with both tests providing the most information at an ability level of -1.57. The generalizability (G) coefficient for the K-MMSE~2:SV and K-MMSE was 0.99. Conclusions: These results indicate that the K-MMSE~2:SV and K-MMSE are equally optimal tests for screening for mild cognitive impairment and early dementia. Given that the amount of test information provided by the two tests was almost identical, the shapes of the TICs were very similar, and the G coefficient was close to 1, we can conclude that the K-MMSE and K-MMSE~2:SV are equivalent tests.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.95-103
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• 2020

The current study aimed to identify the characteristics of speech rate and pause in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP) and their relationships with speech intelligibility. In all, 26 children with CP, 4 with no speech motor involvement and age-appropriate language ability (NSMI-LCT), 6 with no speech motor involvement and impaired language ability (NSMI-LCI), 6 with speech motor involvement and age-appropriate language ability (SMI- LCT), and 10 with speech motor involvement and impaired language ability (SMI-LCI) participated in the study. Speech samples for the speech rate and pause analysis were extracted using a sentence repetition task. Acoustic analysis were made in Praat. First, it was found that regardless of the presence of language impairment, significant group differences between the NSMI and SMI groups were found in speech rate and articulation rate. Second, the SMI groups showed a higher ratio of pause time to sentence production time, more frequent pauses, and longer durations of pauses than the NSMI groups. Lastly, there were significant correlations among speech rate, articulation rate, and intelligibility. These findings suggest that slow speech rate is the main feature in SMI groups, and that both speech rate and articulation rate play important roles in the intelligibility of children with spastic CP.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2010

It takes a lot of time or is even impossible to communicate for people with physical disability and/or speech impairment. Augmentative and Alternative Communication System is an important computerized tool that makes it possible for those people to communicate. Since not only speech impaired people, but also people with other physical disability cannot use conventional computer input devices easily such as keyboard and mouse, so more simple input devices are need for them to communicate. Thus, in this paper, I designed and implemented a communication aid system, with which they can communicate with simple inputs. I collected frequently used sentences by people with disability and categorized them into 9 everyday language groups. With these categories, they can select any sentence with few simple selections. If none of these categories includes the sentences they want, ChunJiIn keyboard is provided so that they can input the sentences, which can be added to the existing language groups for later use. The priority levels of the sentences in each group is constantly readjusted based on usage frequency so that the number of inputs can be reduced.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.125-132
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• 2018

This study was to investigate the speech sound production characteristics and evaluation aspects of preschool children through word test and connected speech test. For this, the authors conducted Assessment of Phonology and Articulation for Children(APAC) to 72 normal children(24 three-, four-, and five-year-olds each) and analyzed difference in percent of correct consonant(PCC) and intelligibility according to age and sex, correlation between PCC and intelligibility, and speech sound error patterns. PCC and intelligibility increased with age but there was no difference according to sex. The correlation was statistically significant in 5-year-old group. Speech sound error patterns were different in the two tests. This study showed that children's speech sound production varied according to language unit. Therefore, both types of tests should be done to grasp their speech sound production ability properly. This suggests that current standard to identify language impairment only by PCC of word level requires review and further studies.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.106-113
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• 2022

Objectives: Previous studies have found that the oral health of seniors can affect their physical nutrition and quality of life (QoL). Additionally, poor oral health can lead to the development of dementia, which is associated with decreased cognitive function. This study aimed to examine the impact of geriatric oral health (GOH) on the QoL of Korean seniors and the mediating effects of cognitive function. Methods: We used data from the seventh Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging conducted in 2018. In total, 4049 seniors were included in our study. We analyzed the impact of GOH on QoL according to 5 mediating domains of cognitive function and control variables. To examine each path of mediating effects, bootstrapping with 5000 iterations was performed with 95% confidence intervals. Results: Our findings revealed that good GOH had a positive effect on the QoL of seniors. Also, better GOH corresponded to a higher degree of cognitive function within all 5 domains: orientation, memory registration, attention/calculation, memory recall, and language and visuospatial ability. In addition, 3 domains of the 5 domains (attention/calculation, memory recall, and language and visuospatial ability) had significant mediating effects on the relationship between GOH and QoL. Conclusions: This study suggests that adequate management of GOH is crucial for promoting a better QoL and a high degree of cognitive function among seniors. To prevent cognitive impairment, such as dementia, future studies should take a more targeted approach by examining data according to each cognitive domain and various socio-demographic factors.