• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.87-93
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• 1999

This study is focus on exploring the relationship between the index of shape and the factor of perception. This study site is a Sorak National Park which sciences of road-landscape. Slides, which were used in the study, were taken in the Sorak National Park along the roads. For this purpose, the study used the questionnairy about the Road-landscape which was presented by a slide projection, also used th index of Shape. This research used analysis method of multi-regression between the preference and perceptional factors, and between the preference and index of shape. 1) The regression result of $R^2$ is 00827 between the preference and perceptional factors, therefore we can positively consider that the preference is related to the perception. The preference is affected highly by the intimacy which is the one of perceptional factors. 2) The regression result of $R^2$ is 0.692 between the preference and the index of shape. The preference has a relation with the index of shape, and it is affected highly by the index of sky. 3) Therefore, this study identifies the relationship between the preference and the perceptional factors, and the index of shape makes this relationship possible.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.12-19
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• 1996

Urban parks, as remnant patches, of two older cities and two new towns can be analyzed by a landscape ecological approach. The index of patch shape, the dispersion of patches, the mean edge length, and the mean patch size of parks of each city are ocmpared. The findings of this study are as follows : 1) The mean edge length of urban parks of older cities is longer than that of new towns : Seoul>Suwon>Bundang>Ansan. 2) The mean patch size of urban parks in Seoul is much greater than those of other cities : Seoul> Ansan>Suwon>Bundang. 3) The index of patch shape of urban parks of older cities is greater than that of new towns : Seoul>Suwon>BundangAnsan. 4) The dispersion of patches is in the order of Bundang >Ansan>Seoul>Suwon. The new towns have relatively even distributions of urban parks than older cities. Further research is required to find out the relationship between the index of patch shape and patch interior dynamics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1-14
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• 2011

In order to determine temporal changes of the urban landscape, interdependence and interaction among geo-spatial objects can be analyzed using GIS analytic methods. In this study, to investigate changes in the landscape structure of the Namyangju area, the size and shape of landscape patches, and the distance between the patches were analyzed with the Spatial Autocorrelation Method. In addition, both global and local spatial autocorrelation analyses were conducted. The results of global Moran's I revealed that both patch size and shape index transformed to a more dispersed pattern over time. Next, the local Moran's I of patch size in all time series determined that almost all patches were of a high-low pattern. Meanwhile, the local Moran's I of the shape index was found to have changed from a high-high pattern to a high-low pattern in time series. Finally, as time passes, the number of hot spot patches about size and shape index had been decreased according to the results of hot spot analysis. These changes appeared around the development projects in the study area. From the results of this study, degradation of landscape patches in Namyangju were ascertained and their specific areas were delineated. Such results can be used as useful data in selecting areas for conservation and for preparing plans and strategies in environmental restoration.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.16-22
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• 1999

The various spatial structure of biological habitat has tighten relationship with biodiversity. Due to increasing of population, development of agriculture and urban structure, various change of landscape has became these days. These change of landscape has raised the decrease of habitat and landscape fragmentation. This paper summarizes research to analysis vegetation index according to P/A ratio, Shape Index, and Fractal dimension using Landsat Thematic Mapper(TM). The analysis of landscape fragmentation using NDVI(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) 0.5~1 has the most profitable for detection of vegetation fragmentation. The analysis of vegetation index of Seoul and Kyunggi province has also showed that Fractal dimension has the most fragmentation index. In near future, time series analysis is needed for fragmentation of vegetation on the same area, and for various landuse of fragmentation analysis. These researches were carried out for preservation strategy of vegetation and biodiversity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.63-77
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• 2006

The research aim is to classify biotope types of rural eco-villages designed by ministry of environment and analyze landscape ecological characteristics of them. This information would provide information on eco-villages' potential and specific needs to improve landscape ecological structure of eco-villages. Two eco-villages, designated by ministry of environment, in Yoocheon-ri and Sanduk-ri were selected and the landscape ecological metrics used in this study were Area, Shannon diversity index, Shape index, Distance index. The results are as follows. 1) There were five biotope types in large-scale classification, 13 biotope types m Sanduk-ri and 9 biotope types in Yoocheon-ri in middle-scale classification, 31 biotope types in Sanduk-ri and 24 biotope types in Yoocheon-ri in small-scale classification. 2) In the case of area, artificial biotope types, such as artificial forest, agricultural irrigation canal, wet paddy, dry paddy and residential area, covered more than 80% of total area. However, natural biotope types, such as natural forest, river, reservoir, covered just more than 10% of total area. In details, an orchard (26.69%) was the dominant biotope type, followed by artificial forest (19.10%) in Sanduk-ri and the first most abundant biotope type was artificial forest (49.71%), followed by wet paddy (15.95%) in Yoocheon-ri. 3) The result of Shannon diversity index indicated that Sanduk-ri (2.158) had more heterogeneity landscape, rather than Yoocheon-ri (2.051). 4) In the case of shape index, road (13.09) had more complex and irregular shape than either agricultural irrigation canal (3.35) or artificial forest (2.46) in Sanduk-ri. Road (6.52) was also the most irregular biotope shape, followed by river (5.70) and agricultural irrigation canal (4.78) in Yoocheon-ri. 5) Mean Nearest-neighbour Distance (MND) was smallest in wet paddy and dry paddy biotope types in the two study area, suggesting that these biotope types were concentrated within these study areas. From the result, this research suggested information to protect and improve biotopes of eco-villages in the landscape ecological terms. To achieve this improvement plan, there should be strong support by ministry of environment and local governments.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.23-37
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• 2006

The purposes of this study are (1) carrying out the case study for the urban park planning in point of landscape ecology, (2) analyzing and evaluating the indicator character of the landscape ecological view on the basis of the case study and (3) proposing the urban park planning in point of landscape ecology. The results of this study are as follows. As a result of the elongation analysis among the shape indicators, especially, Dalsung Park has the highest score 0.85 and Chimsan Park has the lowest score 0.34. In case of green shape index, Bummul Park has 1.70 and Chimsan Park has 1.40 respectively. As a result of the buffer analysis, Chimsan Park turned out to be the highest, Bummul Park turned out the lowest. Chimsan Park gets I grade in two indicators but Bummul Park gets III grade in four indicators contrastively. As a result of the possibility analysis of the urban park planning, increasing elongation index and the number of major lobes can be an improvement method. Also by changing multilayer structure, micro-multiformity and curvature are increased and buffer of edge is improved.In this study, the basic data of landscape ecology can be obtained by the character analysis of landscape ecology. This study has a significant meaning of possibility in planning of the urban park which reflects the character of landscape ecology. This research was only performed in Chimsan Park, so additional researches for various cases will be needed.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.389-403
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• 2011

Studies on effects of human action on the destruction of ecosystems and changes in biodiversity are being processed actively from the view point of landscape ecology. This study investigated present distribution status of the naturalization plant by disturbance of natural ecosystem which could be seen on 35 rural villages in Korea. The study made a landuse map on the study area then quantified the landscape ecologic characteristic using landscape index based on this landuse map. Correlation between landscape index on the study area and distribution characteristic of naturalization plant was analyzed. The landscape index was calculated by FRAGSTATS, a spatial analysis program, and naturalization index and urbanization index were used in the distribution characteristic of naturalization plant. As a result, naturalization index and patch density, naturalization index and edge density, naturalization index and area-weighted mean shape index were shown as having positive correlation, and naturalization and core area percentage of landscape, naturalization index and mean core area were displayed as having negative correlation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.84-91
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• 2001

The purpose of this thesis is to search for appropriate design elements to manage ponds on golf courses. This paper showed that a variable, width, and volume have significant influence on satisfaction(Sig 0.001). This research investgated golf courses in Kyung-ki province. In short, we measured the physical design elements of ponds to bring out major factors which could determine satisfaction of golf courses for golfcourse manager(greenkeeper). The results between satisfaction and physical variable came out as follows; 1, Golfcourse managers(Green keepers) responded to questions that they were satisfied in only 29.9% of the ponds. We found that they considered management very highly. we could evaluated the value of necessity and importance are high, that is importance to manage ponds 2. Some physical design elements(volume, width) increased dependent variable(satisfaction) and others(length, area, circumference, index of shape) decreased dependent variable(satisfaction) 3. Volume has an influence on dependent variable more than depth on index of shape. 4 If the result of \`index of shape\` decreased, the result of \`management satisfaction\` would be high, and when volume is 8500ton∼17000ton, depth is 27m∼3.1m, \`management satisfaction\` would be high. The research findings can be used for planning and designing of golfcourses for designers, and by management for greenkeepers, and will provide pertinent design elements far design of golfcourses. We suggest that the interrelation between ponds and strategic play must be examined in future research.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.30 no.10
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• pp.779-787
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• 2021

This study analyzes structural landscape changes over a time-series for a small and medium-sized city, Gangneung-Si, based on area and distribution patterns, and according to the type of land cover. Among the types of land cover, the area ratio of urbanized areas increased by 2.02% in the late 2010s as compared to the late 1980s, while there was a decrease of 2.69% in farmland and 0.69% in grassland areas. On analyzing the changes in land cover use by applying the Fragstats program, it was confirmed that landscape changes in urban and management areas were relatively severe according to the Landscape Shape Index, Largest Patch Index, and Aggregation Index. A pattern of concentrated expansion was also found around certain areas. In particular, from the analysis, it was established that the proportion of urbanized area had considerably increased and that the extent of farmland damage to management areas, including planned management areas, was large. Additionally, the Total Core Area generally indicated a reduction in the core areas of farmland and forest within urban and management areas. A medium-sized city showed significant changes besides large cities in terms of landscape structure. The developmental pressure on management areas, in particular, was quite high.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.105-114
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• 2010

The principal objective of this study was to characterize the relationships between geographical conditions (e.g., island area, distance to mainland) and landscape structures of uninhabited islands, and to evaluate the effects of islands and their landscape structures on species richness. One hundred randomly selected islands and 5,000 m buffered areas derived from the boundaries of each island were used to summarize the number of observed bird species, and landscape pattern indices, particularly patch density, edge density, shape index, and mean nearest neighboring distance. Spatial arrangements of individual patch type at the class level, which are markedly affected by the distance from an island to the mainland, have a superior ability to explain the variances in species richness, as compared to the geographical conditions and landscape pattern indices at the landscape level. The results demonstrate that the patch type landscape structure is the primary factor affecting species richness, as well as the distance to the mainland. In particular, landscape pattern indices of cropland/pasture and woody cover are statistically significant in terms of explaining species richness, which suggests that food resources and appropriate conditions in landscape structures of habitat types are assumed as important elements in attracting bird species. This study also proposes the importance of evaluation on the landscape structure of each island, in order to designate protected areas and to establish a management plan for species conservation in uninhabited islands.