• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.316-325
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• 1997

일본의 28개 전 국립공원에 있어서 언제, 어디서, 어떠한 경관파괴나 침해문제가 발생하였는가 그 특성을 파악하기 위하여 자연환경 전문지를 대상으로 문헌조사하여 문제발생을 요인별, 지역별 그리고 시기별로 정리, 분석하였다. 그 결과, 경관파괴나 침해를 발생시킨 요인으로는 대규모 댐건설, 임업에 의한 작업, 각종 관광시설의 정비, 공원이용자에 의해 발새오디는 문제, 공원계획과 관리상에서 발생되는 문제 등의 8가지 요인군으로 지적할 수 있었다. 한편, 시기별로는 경관문제의 발생건수나 특정지역에서 집중적으로 발생하는 등 4기(1960~1967, 1968~1975, 1976~1985, 1990초반)로 구분할 수 있었고, 특히, 1960년대 후반부터 1970년대 전반에 걸쳐서는 전국적으로 모든 국립공원에서 다양한 경관문제가 발생하였다. 지역별 특성은 本州 중앙(관동지방, 중부지방)에 위치하는 부상상한윤두, 日光, 中部山岳 등의 국립공원에서 경관문제가 다른 지역에 비하여 지속적으로 많이 발생했다. 그 원인으로는 이용객의 지속적인 증가, 고도성장과 산업발전, 국민관광 레크레이션붐, 관광시설의 대규모화, 삼림벌채 등의 임업작업, 1962년과 1969년 2회에 걸친 전국종합개발계획의 실시, 임해매립지에 의한 대규모 공업단지 조성, 모터제너레이션의 발달 등이 활발히 이루어진 사회적 배경 등을 지적할 수 있었다.

• 농촌계획
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2019

This study saw developed to build a landscape monitoring methodology by simulation of landscape effect prediction. A Visual landscape planning and management system has been introduced and implemented by each ministry so as to solve the problems of visual landscape destruction due to recognition on the value of natural landscape of beautiful territory and various development projects. At present, this system emphasizes the importance of the visual and perceptual aspect of the landscape however, there is a lack of techniques required for comprehensively predicting, evaluating, and managing it. Furthermore, sustainable landscape management after the completion of development projects has been inadequately carried out, as the focus has been only on consultation in the planning process of the development project in institutional performance. The viewpoint for judging the change in the visual landscape of the development plan and development project should be selected as the effective point where the development project is expected to result in a remarkable landscape change. As for the method of selecting effective viewpoints, the main viewpoints are selected by analyzing the visible area of the target viewpoint. When selecting the viewpoint centered on the viewpoint target, it was judged that it is possible to reduce the procedure of selecting and checking the existing preliminary viewpoints and widening the effective visible range. The proposed visual landscape monitoring is expected to be able to solve the existing institutional problems, and to be used when the implementers and authors of the development projects review the effects on the landscape.

• 농촌계획
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.99-117
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• 2019

Environmental impact assessment (EIA), which predicts, evaluates, and manages the influences on natural landscape, plays a role of monitoring natural resources for systematic management of natural landscape. However, the function of verification and correction of the system is still insufficient and feed-back, one of the most important features of EIA follow-up, has not been introduced in Korea's EIA system yet. As a procedure, it is required to check if the opinions of the evaluators are properly reflected to the outcomes of the project through a reviewing process after assessing environmental impacts of a development project. In reality, despite the awareness about the importance of follow-up inspection of the conformity with, the system mainly focuses on the agreement during the planning stage of the development project and fails to continuously manage after its completion. There have been various preceding studies related to prediction, evaluation, and management of environmental impacts on natural landscape for better management. They primarily dealt with the problems in the EIA process and suggested improvement measures, including directions for institutional development, step-by-step goals, and operation methods, to address the problems which arise in the EIA follow-up process. However, suggested measures are not actively applied with the focus only put on institutional operation, there are virtually no standardized methods to predict and assess landscape changes due to the development project and to manage landscape after the project. Against this backdrop, this study aims to explore the existing methods to analyze the impacts natural landscape and to establish a system where landscape management is continued after the development project. To this end, we will suggest reducing methods according to the predicted changes in landscape for post-project management of natural landscape. Characteristics of reduction methods by project type were examined through reviewing the guide to natural landscape rating and the importance of development project impacts on natural landscape by type of reduction was evaluated through questionnaire for experts. Evaluated types of reduction are classified and presented by characteristics of each development project and content of reduction type.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.68-80
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• 2005

This study intends to analysis problems and propose of EIA(Environmental Impact Assessment) and PER(Pre-Environmental Review) especially on division of landscape impacts. The problems of EIA and PER are first, on analysis of existing conditions side, insufficiency of the list of landscape elements and their descriptions and presentations, and the number of viewpoints and each validity second, on estimation of landscape impacts, the methods and techniques of estimation and simulation, and the process of impact estimation, third, on suggestion of reduction plans, reduction devices covering impacts, the lack of influence reduction forecasting devices, the deficiency of execution power of reduction plans, finally, the systematic connection of impact estimation with existing conditions analysis and reduction plans. Therefore, on each step from existing condition analysis to reduction plan suggestion, the solutions to each problem are proposed.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2004

In the 1960s, polluted urban streams were covered and paved in concrete. Rivers became sewers buried under road. As a result, wildlife habitat was lost and the open stream space was gone. In the 1990s, there was a movement for restoring urban streams to enhance the quality of life of inhabitants. Chungkye Stream, whose covering began from early 1950s and ended in 1977, is now in the process of restoration together with the Central Business District (CBD) Redevelopment Plan. However, as the construction proceeds, several problems were raised, and serious controversies resulted. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the validity of the approach of the Chungkye Stream Restoration Project through a literature survey and a site survey, and to present the improved alternative. Ultimately, the study aims to contribute to present references or guidelines for similar urban stream restoration projects. The Chungkye Stream Restoration Project has some of the following problems. First, the construction should be done based on the long-term urban redevelopment plan. Second, the construction period should be extended to restore urban streams. Third, the cultural asset conservation plan should be implemented. In order to fulfill the anticipated purpose, the above mentioned problems need to be solved.

• 농촌계획
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to analyze the present condition of the landscape plans(LPs) established in the Rural Village Development Projects(RVDPs) and to propose the ways to improve the LP. Toward this end, the legal system related to rural landscape and the RVDP were examined. Also, the current condition of the LPs was diagnosed through making researches on the RVDP and LP of the 10 regions. The results of examining the legal system showed that the suitable types of the LPs is 'the Specific Landscape Plan' in Rural Area. Of the development projects that have been in operation, RVDP was found to have been equipped with the system. Because the LPs can be established and the contents of formation and readjustment of rural landscape elements were broadly dealt with in RVDP. And the RVDPs consisted mostly of scenery facilities, rural village sightseeing, and income-growth. The results of examining the plan establishment procedures showed that the LPs were set up as subordinate plans of the RVDP, so structural problems such as the positions of the plans, inadequacy in the procedures of approval and collecting opinions were identified. Such problems were pointed out as the cause of the LP to deal with the contents of the basic designs of the RVDP. The schemes to resolve the problems are to give equal positions to the LPs and to the basic plans of the RVDP. When the results of this study are reflected on the policies, the LP will effectively carry out the functions of formation and management of continued scenery preservation of rural villages.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2020

This paper takes Zhaoxing Dong village in Guizhou Province as the research object. The purpose is to study the continuity of landscape context in Dong Village. The research process includes specification on the evaluation system of Dong village landscape context by AHP method, and use of the questionnaire survey method in sequence, according to the specific situation of Zhaoxing Dong village, and this study develops a specific questionnaire that modifies the evaluation system suited to reflect specific problems. Through the analysis of the specific questionnaire and recycling in Zhaoxing Dong village, this study found that Zhaoxing Dong village as a whole is over commercialized due to the vigorous development of tourism service industry. As a result, whether it is experts, foreign tourists or local villagers, the rating of the village landscape is low. There are three problems in the village landscape context: historical continuity, invisible cultural heritage and contradiction in protection and development. The results of this paper provides a future direction for the protection and inheritance of Zhaoxing Dong village.

• 농촌계획
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.165-174
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• 2017

Four requirements for the operating and supporting system for sustainable landscape management will be discussed through this paper. The requirements are based on multiple case studies on the structure and the process of development of three organizations that have been contributing to the sustainable rural landscape management in Japan since 1989. The first requirement is that the residents should recognize regional problems and voluntarily organize a group which can properly deal with the problems. Secondly, members of the organization should have a solid grasp of the goal of their activities (or founding principal of the organization) and share it among themselves. Founding principal should include the history of natural circulation system in the area, cultural features and a future plan in association with human resources. Thirdly, the administration of the organization should be separated from the founder, the residents. The administration, such as business promotion, becomes more effective when consigned to a separate entity, not to the residents. Lastly, the interaction among separate entities is crucial to promote diverse activities for the local landscape management. The administrators and experts need to cooperate to draw a precise conclusion regarding the way of interaction. These requirements drawn from the Japanese case studies should be localized to the Korean circumstances for further adoption.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.101-110
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• 2007

This study is a base research for the restoration of village landscape of the Namhan-Sansung. The Namhan-Sansung has been recognized as a top destination for dining places. However, there have been increasing concerns about the village landscape and its rich historic and cultural heritages transformed into dining places. The village landscape of Namhan-Sansung should be reconstructed as a setting for education and loaming of Korean history and culture forgotten for a long time. The landscape also should be a space where resolute resistance and spirit of Korean people and a futuristic village space where environment friendly community environment harmonizes with daily lives. Restoration efforts of village landscape of the Namhan-Sansung can get to start from exploring the prototype of the village. In order to restore the prototype, it is important to review potential elements and setbacks. Based on the prototype of the Namhan-Sansung village, transitions of village landscape were reviewed and directions of restoration were proposed. Also, an improvement plan was proposed after reviewing problems in system and planning.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.42-52
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• 2010

본 연구는 조경기술사 검정제도의 출제문제에 대하여 수험생들이 인식하는 체감 정도, 즉 문제의 객관성, 적정성, 난이도 등 출제되는 문제의 전반에 대한 경향을 분석 제언하여 검정제도가 학술적, 체계적으로 개선됨으로써, 조경기술사 검정제도의 정착과 조경기술사 자격의 위상 확립, 산업현장에서의 조경분야 지위 향상 등 전반적인 조경발전을 목적으로 이번 연구를 실시하였다. 조사방법은 두 단계로 나누어 전문가 집단을 활용하여 출제되는 과목 및 과목의 배정에 관한 사항을 조사하였고, 수험생 및 자격취득자를 대상으로 출제문제의 수준, 객관성, 난이도, 출제경향 등 출제되는 문제의 전반에 대해 설문조사를 실시하였다. 분석결과, 먼저 조경기술사 검정 시 출제되는 과목이 국가기술자격법 시행규칙에 제시된 시험과목과는 달리 출제되고 있었으며, 과목배정, 시험문제의 객관성, 수준, 난이도 등에서 다양한 문제점을 내포하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 문제점의 원인은 여러 가지 요인이 있겠지만 충분한 검토 없이 문제출제, 출제위원의 관리 미흡 등 현재 진행되고 있는 검정제도의 시스템을 운영하는데 문제가 있지 않나 판단된다. 따라서 이러한 문제점을 보완하기 위해 '출제되는 시험과목의 정비', '적정한 과목 배정 및 문제의 객관성 확보', '출제문제의 수준 및 난이도 유지', '출제 시스템 개선'등에 대하여 관련부처나 단체에서는 효율적인 개선노력이 필요함을 제언하였다.