• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.985-994
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• 2005

Recently, Environmental friendliness and sustainability become the main concern of residential area planning. This paper deals with the estimation indicator system for environmentally friendliness of residential areas. An interview survey was carried out for resident groups by the type of housing. 'Environmentally friendly residential site' is defined as 'A site of sustainable development with low undesirable impact on environment, friendliness to natural environments such as green areas and waters, and amenity, health & hygiene of residents' Totally, nineteen individual indicators, six categories and three principles(Low Impact, High Contact, Amenity & Health) were proposed as estimation indicator system. Residents showed high importance on principle of 'amenity & health'. Individual indicators such as 'garbage segregated collection', 'secure green areas' and 'cleanness of water and air' showed high weighting value by each principles. Satisfaction level of residents for individual indicators, such as 'garbage segregated collection', 'common gardens', and 'cleanness of residential areas', were comparatively high. By the result of factor analysis, the proposed model for indicator system was valid.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.34-41
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• 2003

Connectivity is a quantitative indicator of landscape structure, and connectivity of urban green areas is an indicator of ecological integrity in urban landscapes. The purposes of this study are to assess the connectivity of urban green areas in Seoul, and to develop a method of siting new green areas for better connectivity. Diverse methods for connectivity assessment and indices of connectivity are reviewed and applied to the connectivity assesment of green areas in Seoul. The indices of connectivity of green areas in Seoul turned out to be higher than expected, maybe because many of them are rather evenly distributed, serving as stepping stones, and because there are many riparian corridors, including the Han River. Analysis also shows the optimum location of new green space patches or corridors will be those spots that would link the mainland, or large green areas outside the city, and existing green areas in the city. Restoration of urban streams as ecological corridors will significantly enhance connectivity. Three different scenarios with increasing numbers of new green areas in the city were then prepared. The changes of connectivity were measured and the possible success rates of animal dispersal were simulated. The results revealed that restoration of streams will increase the connectivity and success rates of animal dispersal.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.113-125
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• 2011

Since the government of Korea (Ministry of Environment, MOE) introduced the policy applying 'Biotope-Area-Ratio-Indicator (BARI)' to huge residential land developments which Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) should be performed, MOE has come to have the necessity to apply the indicator concretely at the stage of Prior Environment Review System (PERS) and EIA in various types of large scale land development projects. This study was conducted with the aim of supporting the application of BARI and related decision making in various other types of EIA projects as well as residential development projects through remodeling the system to apply the indicator of the past. Through the analysis of the problems in applying the past BARI and experimental appraisals to 11 types of EIA projects, the results and implications as follows were drawn. First, it's possible to extend the range of applications of BARI, which has been applied to only residential land development project, to all kinds of projects with area-typed land use pattern out of environmental impact assessment target projects. Second, it's also possible to set a target value into which regional characteristics and differences among locational properties are reflected. In addition, it's come to be able to differentially apply the target value of BARI according to the condition of the existing site. Third, it's improved to be able to suggest a macroscopic target value at the stage of PERS and to set detailed target values in each detailed land use at the stage of EIA. The key point underlies inducing methodology to determine target values to secure more permeable land coverage ratio for detailed land use patterns at the stage of EIA by making it possible to calculate BARI of the present land cover condition of the EIA target projects.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.15-26
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• 2004

This study aims at developing environmental indicators to evaluate sustainability of district unit planning in Seoul. The indicators are devised to evaluate three categories of influencing areas such as district planning area, surrounding areas of planning area, and city wide area. In order to formulate the environmental indicators, subsystems of the environment were reviewed and classified into seven sectors of the environment such as air and climate, soil, water, green space, fauna, noise, and landscape. 16 indicators were developed from the seven sectors. Weighing were given to each indicator resulting from AHP analysis of the questionnaire survey of environment and urban planning experts.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.1-11
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• 2011

Many studies which assessed the function of forest are focused on usage of citizen, but studies which focused on natural-ecological function still lack. Hence, the purpose of this study is to select and apply the evaluation indicators on natural-ecological function of forest as a base research for sustainable planing and management. First, the 35 indicators were selected by the review of the internal and external 56 literature. The 12 indicators among those were reselected as natural-ecological indicator by the first survey and 7 indicators such as green area, connectivity etc. were determined through MCB analysis by the second survey. Also, the weights of 7 indicators for the functional evaluation were computed using AHP analysis by the third survey. As aresult of AHP analysis, the naturality was showed the highest indicator by 0.189, while the NDVI was evaluated the lowest indicator by 0.063. According to the result of evaluating the natural-ecological function on forest in Daegu which was selected as suitable study area, the natural-ecological functions around the Mt. Ap and Mt. Chengryong, top of Mt. Biseul had more than 85 scores, so those were assessed as an excellent area. On the other hand, the functions around the western area of Mt. Waryong and Mt. Macheon, the Mt. Daeni of Dalseong-Gun had less than 50 scores, which means that the area had to be controled by sustainable management. Therefore, we will be able to utilize the basic data for the preservation and management at urban and environmental planning through the results of this study.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.109-120
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• 2016

This study aims to assess vulnerability in urban thermal environments of Seoul by using indicators frequently used in previous studies as well as effective indicators for spatial planning like urban and environmental planning. For this purpose, fifteen indicators that influence urban thermal environments such as heat waves, urban heat island effects, and urban micro-climates were identified based on literature reviews. Indicators for presenting urban structure and spatial properties were included; for example, building volume as 'exposure to climate', buildings completed before 1980 as 'sensitivity', and green space areas as 'adaptive capacity'. Among them, twelve indicators were applied to assess vulnerability in urban thermal environments of Seoul by using a GIS spatial analysis combined with fuzzy logic. The results show that the Gangnam area is identified as more vulnerable to a heat environment as compared to the Gangbuk area. In the Gangnam area, Seocho-gu, Gangnam-gu, Dongjak-gu, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Gangseo-gu were relatively high in vulnerability, while Dongdaemun-gu, Gangbuk-gu, Gwangjin-gu, Jungrang-gu were relatively high in the Gangbuk area. Gwanak-gu, Dobong-gu, Eunpyeong-gu, and Nowon-gu, which include forested areas, have low vulnerability in the sectors of 'exposure to climate' and 'sensitivity' due to the impact of Gwanaksan and Bukhansan. However, some areas with high vulnerability like Seocho-gu and Gangnam-gu may have lower vulnerability if the indicator 'status of air conditioning' from the sector of 'adaptive capacity' is used. This study could support the establishment of a practicable thermal environment policy and spatial planning to reduce heat-related risks in the field of urban and environmental planning.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2014

Smartphones change the picture of data and information sharing and make it possible to share various real-time flooding data and information. The vulnerability indicators of farmland inundation is needed to calculate the risk of farmland flood based on changeable hydro-meteorological data over time with morphologic characteristics of flood-damaged areas. To find related variables show the vulnerability of farmland inundation using the binary-logit model and correlation analysis and to provide vulnerability indicators were estimated by fuzzy set method. The outputs of vulnerability indicators were compared with the results of Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) for verification. From the result vulnerability indicators are applicable to mobile_based information system of farmland inundation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.175-186
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• 2012

This is a study of a residential area for displaced villagers planned for residents of Gyodo Village who must evacuate their hometown because of flooding due to the Hantan River Dam Project. The study aims to construct a plan for a new residential area for the villagers focusing on reflecting the existing characteristics of their former village and on ensuring sustainability for the new village. Departing from previous practice of focusing on merely physical aspects when planning, the current study is significant in that it presents a new planning process and method for a sustainability-focused plan. While the study has many limitations such as objectivity in the process of deriving the sustainability indicators and the appropriateness of the indicator questions, it is hoped that future studies on sustainability will serve to make up for these limitations and problems.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.1231-1238
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• 2007

The promotion of walking and bicycling is recently a hot topic in the urban planning and design field. Many planners have already examined the many components of the land use-transportation connection and built environment-physical activity link. A rapidly growing area of urban form research is to measure the level of walk-ability in urban environments. With this background, this research conducted a preliminary study to develop the evaluation indicators of pedestrian environments. Based on the literature reviews on walking or pedestrian environments, we proposed the seventeen indicators related with pedestrian facilities, road attributes and walking environment. We also performed a questionary survey to evaluate the satisfaction of their neighborhood pedestrian environments for 302 randomly selected adults living in the City of Changwon, Gyeongsangnam-do. Finally, this research provided the valid model to evaluate the effects of physical environmental factors on the walking satisfaction using factor analysis and multiple regression analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.34-42
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• 2012

This study aims to suggest the secure indicator of parks and green areas according to the properties of the location. There were 31 study areas where negotiation was finalized from 2001 to 2008. The location types were divided by land use type before development and the ratio of mountainous and constructed parks, the ratio of green change and so forth were analyzed according to the those types. As a result, location types were classified into mountainous type, arable land type, urban district type. In terms of locational property, even though the ratio of parks and green areas was the highest at 24.9% in arable land type, the ratio was not much different from the others. Mountainous type depends on the ratio of mountainous park with 10.5%, and arable land type, and urban district type has high ratio of constructed parks. And, the ratio of green change arable land type is degraded by 32.8% and the ratio of mountainous green change is serious in the mountainous type. As a result of the selection of negotiation indicator, arable land type is closely related to the ratio of parks and green areas and the ratio of green change; mountainous type, the ratio of park and green, the ratio of mountainous green change and the ratio of constructed park and green; urban district type, the ratio of green areas.