• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.49-53
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• 1993

Before the EIA was established in the Federal Republic of Germany, the impact mitigation principle - a planning instrument, which has its legal foundation in the German nature conservation legislation already had {and still has} the function to valuate environmental impacts. The valuation principles and methods which have been developed in correlation to this instrument are now also used in the EIA. Particularly for the valuation of alternating effects on the different ecological landscape functions and for the valuation of ecological mitigation and compensation measures this valuation methods are used. These methods base on a special kind of modelling nature and environment Following the aim of the nature conservation act, which is to save the capacity of the landscape to perform its essential functions, not the ecological factors (soil, water, air etc.) itselfs are evaluated but the ecological functions of the landscape, which are based on the ecological factors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.68-80
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• 2005

This study intends to analysis problems and propose of EIA(Environmental Impact Assessment) and PER(Pre-Environmental Review) especially on division of landscape impacts. The problems of EIA and PER are first, on analysis of existing conditions side, insufficiency of the list of landscape elements and their descriptions and presentations, and the number of viewpoints and each validity second, on estimation of landscape impacts, the methods and techniques of estimation and simulation, and the process of impact estimation, third, on suggestion of reduction plans, reduction devices covering impacts, the lack of influence reduction forecasting devices, the deficiency of execution power of reduction plans, finally, the systematic connection of impact estimation with existing conditions analysis and reduction plans. Therefore, on each step from existing condition analysis to reduction plan suggestion, the solutions to each problem are proposed.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 1992

Environmental Impact Assessment(EIA) is developing as a tool for environmentally sound and sustainable development in Korea. For more effective implementation of it, we try to apply Environmental Information System (EIS) to EIA process. EIS is composed of geographic and attribute data related to environment and Geographic Information System(GIS), and it will be applied to scoping, prediction, and alternative assessment, etc. in EIA. This study focuses on application of geographic data using GIS in suitability analysis of alternative assessment. We use TIN, buffering, and overlaying in GIS functions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.73-85
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• 2005

Natural disturbance and environmental pressure on natural ecosystems are gradually increasing, and the cause is significantly related to large-scale environmental pollution, global warming, decreasing biodiversity and habitat fragmentation. Environmental impact assessment(EIA) in Korea has been focused on distribution and composition of fauna and flora as major evaluation aspects in ecosystem assessment. It is well known that those characteristics of flora and fauna strongly depend on characteristics and quality of habitat and ecosystem. However, there is no items to assess habitat and ecosystems of spatial ecological system in EIA. Many countries are trying to develop the EIA items to consider the spatial characteristics of habitat and ecosystem and those ecological dynamics as well as species level. In this stream, landscape ecology is emerging discipline to examine spatial pattern and ecological process within/between habitats and ecosystems. Landscape ecological analysis, as a special tool for ecosystem evaluation, has been appropriately adopted to the EIA system in the advanced countries. This review paper tries to introducing the possibilities of landscape ecological concept into the Korean EIA system.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.349-362
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• 2000

In the study, the feasibility of landscape ecological measures as indices system for interpretation and evaluation of regional ecosystem was investigated through the application to Yongin City. Each patch metrics well showed the class structure and supplemented the class metrics, and class metrics also showed well the landscape structure and supplemented the landscape metrics. And the change analysis through subtraction of two set of landscape ecological measurement in two point of time showed the dynamic trends very well. One of the dynamic trends in Yongin City was the rapid fragmentation. While there was no landcover data on Yongin City, using Landsat data and remote sensing techniques were proved to be efficient and effective to produce the digital landcover data.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.577-589
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• 2023

In Korea, the technical techniques for assessing visual impacts are standardized, but the methods for assessing the marine landscape itself are not standardized and need to be improved. In particular, in the landscape impact assessment of offshore wind power generation in Korea, it is necessary to recognize the landscape itself as a receptor and prepare a system that can evaluate the characteristics and sensitivity of the landscape. In this study, we propose an evaluation method for preparing a marine landscape quality assessment document that reflects the project characteristics of offshore wind power projects, and examine the possibility of utilization by applying it to actual project sites as an example. To evaluate the quality of marine scenery in offshore wind power projects, evaluation items of landscape characteristics, physical characteristics, and socio-cultural characteristics were evaluated based on the preliminary survey contents, and the quality of marine scenery was divided into five grades. Next, the evaluation criteria of the evaluation items were synthesized and the quality of the marine landscape was classified into preservation grade (grade 5), semi-preservation grade (grade 4), buffer grade (grade 3), semi-improvement grade (grade 2), and improvement grade (grade 1). In addition, the Sinan-Ui Offshore Wind Farm, an actual project site, was randomly selected to conduct the evaluation process and examine its utilization. This study aims to complement the existing method of visual impact assessment in offshore wind power projects and evaluate the quality of the marine landscape itself to effectively conserve marine landscape resources during offshore wind power projects. Rather than relying on mechanical and quantitative evaluation, this study is expected to be used as a basis for comprehensive understanding of the location and socio-cultural characteristics of the project site and for communication and cooperation with stakeholders.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.289-309
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• 2002

Solutions of many landscape problems depend on area-wide assessment and interpretation of spatial and physical characteristics over the study area. The authors argue that the public awareness for an area-wide urban landscape appears to be very low due to limited chance to the information. Acknowledging these constraints, an operational, user-friendly information system has been developed by combining internet technology with GIS. In particular, integration among satellite data and digital maps takes advantage of each component, and enables the landscape structure to be visualized, interacted with and deployed all on the Web. The 1m resolution IKONOS data realistically identified the major type of landscape by large scale spatial precision while TM data revealed successfully the major parameters that influence an area-wide spatial structure in the study area. This system would play a crucial role in improving the public awareness for area-wide landscape information if it is operationally introduced into the Government since the highly user-friendly interface based on image maps provides a completely new means for disseminating information for area-wide landscape in a visual and interactive manner to the general public.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.143-155
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• 2018

The Natural Landscape Rating System was introduced in the amendment of the NATURAL ENVIRONMENT CONSERVATION ACT in 2006. For landscape preservation, the system aims to consider the effects of development projects or plans implemented in a natural landscape on skylines, scenic resources, and view corridors. Currently, a lack of consistency in standards for determining Landscape Control Points (LCP) to assess landscape impact lowers the accuracy and reliability of the assessment results. As the perception of and the impact on a landscape varies, depending on the location of the LCP, it is necessary to establish a reasonable set of criteria to select viewpoints and avoid unreliability in the assessment due to unclear criteria. The intent of this study is to propose an objective and reasonable set of criteria for LCP selection to effectively measure the impact on the landscape from development projects that anticipate a change in the landscape and, ultimately, to suggest basic analysis methods to assess the landscape impact of development projects and to monitor the landscape in the future. Among the development projects affecting natural landscapes, as reported in the statement of the environmental impact assessment, cases of construction of a single building or other small-scale development projects were studied. Four spot development projects were analyzed in depth for their landscape impacts, in order to make recommendations for the LCP selection procedure, which aims to widen the scope of selection according to the direction of viewpoints from the target site. The existing results of analysis based on LCP have limitations because they failed to cover the viewshed of the target buildings when there are topographical changes in the surroundings. As a solution to this problem, a new viewshed analysis method has been proposed, with a focus on the development site and target buildings, rather than viewpoints, as used in past analysis.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.61-71
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• 2023

As differences in the impact of each species on a spatial scale occur, analysis at the landscape scale is necessary to evaluate the impact of a development project. In previous studies, the Incidence Function Model (IFM) based on meta population theory was used to analyze the impact of species on the environment that changes according to urban development. However, since the model was required at least 10 occupied areas, it is difficult to use it for species that are difficult to monitor such as endangered species. Therefore, we proposed the Incidence Function Model (IFM) using species distribution model to fill the species data. In addition, we reviewed whether the developed model can be used in environmental impact assessment. As a result of the analysis, the minimum occupancy of Prionailurus bengalensis on urban development decreased to 56.5% and the possibility of survival to 28.7%. We confirmed that It rapidly decreased from the reference points of 230 and 70habitats through analysis of the meta-population capacity according to the decrease in the number of habitats. These results can be assessing the environment impact of each species on habitat loss. And it can support decision-making on the minimum number and area of habitat for species protection. This study is expected to be used as basic data for environment impact assessment on before and after development projects and mitigation measures plans, thereby increasing the effectiveness of reduction plans.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.391-407
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• 2012

The loss of connectivity and fragmentation of forest landscapes are seriously hindering dispersal of many forest-dwelling species, which may be critical for their viability and conservation by decreasing habitat area and increasing distance among habitats. For understanding their environmental impacts, numerous spatial models exist to measure landscape connectivity. However, general relationships between functional connectivity and landscape structure are lacking, there is a need to develop landscape metrics that more accurately measure landscape connectivity in whole landscape and individual patches. We reviewed functional and structural definition of landscape connectivity, explained their mathematical connotations, and applied representative 13 indices in 3 districts of Seoul having fragmented forest patches with tits, the threshold distance was applied 500m by considering the dispersal of tits. Results of correlation and principal component analysis showed that connectivity indices could be divided by measurement methods whether they contain the area attribute with distance or not. Betweenness centrality(BC), a representative index measuring distance and distribution among patches, appreciated highly stepping stone forest patches, and difference of probability of connectivity(dPC), an index measuring including area information, estimated integrated connectivity of patches. Therefore, for evaluating landscape connectivity, it is need to consider not only general information of a region and species' characteristics but also various measuring methods of landscape connectivity.