• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.46-56
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• 2002

This landscape design proposal was presented to a design competition for the Culture.Welfare.Administration Complex of Yongin-City which was held by Yongin-City in December, 2001. The site is located at 68-19 Yukbuck-dong, Yongin-City, Kyunggi-do and has an area of 236,449$m^2$. The judging criteria for landscape design set by the Yongin-City could be articulated as follows: an environment friendly design respecting the surrounding environment, a locale as a community center of Yongin-City, a resting place for the welfare of employees and visitors, and finally a place with diverse landscape elements reflecting the individual identity of each facility. This proposal chose the main design concept of this project as‘Nature meets City'. A grove of pine trees fragments the multi building complex, so that‘nature'was brought into the‘city'. A double ground system was introduced to respect the existing topography and to enhance the efficency of the land. This design proposal consists of four segments. Each segment has its own design theme. Outdoor space of this multi-purpose complex was designed with themes of nature, culture, welfare and administration. Space composition with grid and natural looking curvilinear lines was a design motive for this complex. The nature oriented planting design was introduced to respect the existing groves of Mt. Suksung. Specific species were chosen to follow its own spatial character in each space. An environmental sculpture called‘Dream Soaring'was placed in the middle of‘Citizen Plaza'. Its light and feather-looking shape symbolizes the vision of Youngin-City. At night people can watch the diverse color changes on its mirror-like surface.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.651-657
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• 2012

In the Busan North port redevelopment project, which is the first large scale port redevelopment project in this country, it adopted the national landscape plan for competitiveness of port city. Furthermore, it includes many efforts on landscape formation in the process of improvement of ocean city image and enhancement of its value, which fits for the situation and characteristics of the original nature, history, and culture resources, together with all facilities, structures, symbols, and eco green belt. Firstly this study attempted to analyze the characteristics of Busan landscape, Busan city design plan(2010), especially coloring plan, together with the case study of landscape color plan for foreign countries. From the basis of this analysis, it was proposed a landscape enhancement strategy in the Busan North port redevelopment project through the coloring plan and it is expected that the result would be used for the basic data for other redevelopment project.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.1
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• pp.113-140
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• 1983

This is a study on a landscape planning along the street 1~4, which are gateways to Taegu city and an important scenery. Therefore, emphasis was given to provide a bright, clean and beautiful first impression to visitors and citizens. The area is being developed for education and athletic park. Plans to construct a fountain, pergolas and a pond were set up to complement the active and passive facilities to the existing a athletic facilities in the area. Since D part in the area have alkali soil (pH 8.1), soil amendment is necessary for successful growth of trees and ground covers. When the area is filled or added with new soil for soil amendment, it will be important to use fresh soil which can support plant growth. It will be ideal to use ground covers and shrubs on the existing retaining walls along the street for keeping natural vegetation and slope stability instead of further cutting and reconstruction. It is not reasonable in technical and economic sense to remove rocks of the slope for planting trees. In order to harmonize plant color distribute, tall needle and broad leaf trees in the background as a screen, flowering trees were arranged in groups at front, and annuals were mass-planted along the footway. Natural-form-trees will be planted because they not only serve as a greenbelt but also are more economics in maintenance than formative trees.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.71-78
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• 2013

According to the rapid change in the era of Korea, there have been significant changes in the buildings and facilities in the rural area of the country, and thus in the landscape of the agricultural and fishing villages due to the painting of colors that are not in harmony with the surrounding natural environment. Recently, the value recognition on the rural landscape has greatly changed and studies are actively performed on rural colors. To keep up with this trend this study is intended to propose coloring plan of Byutgari and Eumpo area for their entire landscape including the facilities to harmonize with their natural and cultural characteristics and surrounding environments. This plan was related to the establishment of the landscape planning of the region in Taean-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, based on the already prepared rural environmental coloring guideline. This study has its significance in that it provided a coloring process that can be applied to the targeted are as well as other area, continuing the context of the precedent studies. It is greatly expected that the regional characteristics will be strengthened owing to the establishment of coloring guidelines.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.39
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• pp.153-176
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• 2015

Poet, painter and publisher, Roland $Gigu{\grave{e}}re$ is one of Quebec's outstanding figures, inspired by both Surrealism and Quebec nationalism. He participated in contemporary artistic movement 'Phases' and influenced collective self-awareness and political ferment, 'Quiet Revolution'. In La Main au feu(1973), his poetry represent a landscape dominated by darkness in contrast with red color of fire from the volcanic crater. The world is immersed in darkness of despair which allude to the Great Darkness of Quebec society. Acts of violence assume many different forms: crows, black rain, dark flow, frenzy of knife blows. Both things and humans are in the state of absence or lack. Life falls into opacity of death. In the background of dark landscape, we discover Miror, a singular character. Similar to chain of mountains and to bare forest, he is a creature that shape the tragic inner world of poet. He is as like as seismograph that record the tremble of being. Finally, in order to fight the darkness of environment, the poet attempt to use the power of fire of volcanoes. The flow of magma become paintings of his dream and the flame of eruption, poetry of cry toward the sky. 'La main au feu' means the will to resist injustice and repression in the world. The tragic reality is replaced by a dream that become second reality out of reach of the force of hostile external circumstances.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.148-152
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• 1999

This study was carried out to develop new cultivars of Z. serrata showing yellow fall leaf. Z. serrata which had yellow fall leaves were selected and then examined for contents of leaf anthocyanin and chlorophyll. In addition, for the progeny test, selected trees were grafted. Of 21 trees having yellow autumn leaves, three individuals, 'S-4', 'S-14', and 'J-32' were finally selected. They contained high level of anthocyanin with higher level in the leaves. Once developed, the yellow color remained till late autumn. Grafted plants of the selected strains showed high grafting efficiency and vigorous growth. Yellow foliage color were found to be maintained in the grafted trees. The tree 'S-4' was 7 m tall and 6 m in crown width, whereas 'S-14' and 'J-32' were 6 m tall and 4m in crown width. The soil pH of the survey sites ranged from 5.9 to 7.24. However, other soil characteristics did not show much difference among the sites with regard to inorganic nutrients including $N,\;P_2O_5,\,CEC,\,K^+,\,Ca^{2+}$, and $Mg.^{2+}$ 'S-4', 'S-14', and 'J-32' clonal lines developing yellow fall leaf were selected as new cultivars and propagated by grafting.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.166-175
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• 2009

Many cities in developed countries are showing their unique urban image reflecting their own culture, history, and aesthetic tastes. Especially color, one of the major design elements, has greater impact than other visual factors to form an unique urban characteristic. Despite the long history and cultural background, Seoul as a capital city of Korea does not have been successful to show an unique city image with the perspective of color. As a leading city of design, Seoul is trying to make its own urban identity through the symbolic environmental color, 'Seoul Color'. The purpose of this study is to identify the perception on the Seoul Color established by Seoul City among design practitioners and to suggest strategies for implementing the 'Seoul Color' in various fields of environmental design to set up un unique urban image of Seoul City. For this purpose, questionnaire survey was used and 77 questionnaires were analysed. Although most of the respondents did not know the 'Seoul Color', they recognized the importance of it as a major tool of building an unique urban identity of Seoul City. Respondents recognized the representing color image of Seoul as gray. Therefore, it shows a need for environmental policy to make an eco-friendly and lively city image of Seoul instead of current monotonous image. Also in order to make a unique urban image of Seoul city, 'Seoul Color' should be applied to the shape of landscape of Seoul differently. In addition, many strategies including advertisement, education, making up obvious goals for using the 'Seoul Color', and so on were suggested as conclusion.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.114-119
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• 2000

This study was carried out to obtain fundamental information of growth response of ground cover plants under artificial light quality at indoor. Aglaonema 'Silver Queen', Hedera helix L., Hoya carnosa 'Tricolor' and Saintpaulia ionantha 'Frances' were examined under a 400lux light intensity consisted of Mercury lamp, True-lite lamp, incandescent lamp, dark-room and sunlight indoor condition. A data analysis were performed by GLM, Duncan's multiple range test and mean score with SAS program. Results of experiments are as follows; 1. A plant growth status was better showed under the True-lite lamp than sunlight. 2. A Saintpaulia ionantha flower color was responded in the first place, the deep pinkish red color of Saintpaulia ionantha flower was obtained under Mercury lamp and "True-lite lamp", "sunlight", and incandescent lamp were follow. Flower numbers of Saintpaulia ionantha after 60 days tended to decrease under every artificial light quality. 3. Leaf length and leaf width were increased under True-lite lamp, but most of plants was not significantly affected by artificial light quality. 4. A stem length of Hedera helix was increased the highest rank under sunlight also, one of artificial light, the highest increase rank was showed under incandescent lamp. 5. Chlorophyll content was highly increased under Mercury lamp, but was responded poor under incandescent lamp.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.2 s.115
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• pp.18-25
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• 2006

This study aims to measure and to analyze the thermal environment characteristics of the various permeable pavement materials such as grass pavement (GREEN BLOCK PARK), stone and grass pavement (GREEN BLOCK STEP), stone pavement (GREEN BLOCK MOSAIC) and wood pavement (WOOD BLOCK) under the summer outdoor environment. The thermal environment characteristics measured in the study includes the changes of surface temperature during the day, changes of the temperature on each pavement layer, and long and short wave radiation of each pavement surface. The experimental condition is based on the data on the hottest temperature (August 5, 2005, $34.0^{\circ}C$) of the you. Some of main findings are: 1) The heat environment was worse on the wood pavements than on the stone pavement. This is mainly due to the low albedo of the wood pavements (0.37) while the albedo value of stone pavements is 0.41. Small heat capacity of the wood pavements also contributes to this difference. 2) The heat environment was worse on the stone pavements than on the turf pavements. This was mainly due to the evapotranspiration of the plant growth layer of the turf pavements. 3) The peak surface temperature was the highest on the wood pavements ($56.1^{\circ}C$). The peak surface temperatures on the stone pavements, the stone-grass pavements and the grass pavements were $43.1^{\circ}C,\;40.1^{\circ}C\;and\;37.9^{\circ}C$, respectively. 4) To improve the thermal environments in the urban area, it is recommended to raise the albedo of the pavements by brightening the surface color of the pavement materials. Further studies on the pavement materials and the construction methods which can enhance the continuous evapotranspiration from the pavements surface are needed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.92-100
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• 2002

This study was carried out to obtain fundamental information on the growth response of interior landscape plants under fluorescent light, sunlight and optical fiber lighting indoors. Saintpaulia ‘Delaware’, ‘Kalanchoe blossfeldiana, Anthurium scherzerianum and Ardisia crenata were examined using light intensity of 5001ux and 1,0001ux of fluorescent light, sunlight and optical fiber lighting in an interior environment. Results of experiments are as follows; 1) Plant growth status showed the best results under optical fiber lighting compared with fluorescent light or sunlight. 2) Plant growth status was better under 1,0001ux light intensity than 5001ux light intensity and in cases of the same light intensity, the highest growth increase was under optical fiber lighting. while it was showed relatively different according to the different plant species between a fluorescent light and sunlight. 3) The deep pinkish red color of Saintpaulia ‘Delaware’flower was obtained first under an optical fiber lighting and a fluorescent light, a sun light in that order. 4) Regarding interred activity, photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate, intercellular CO, water absorption rate showed a similar tendency generally in spite of a little difference. Namely, transpiration rate and intercellular CO, $CO_2$ a absorption rate increased according to increase of photosynthetic rate. 5) Photosynthetic rate of test plants except Anthurium scherzerianum increased according to increase of light intensity and increased highest under optical fiber lighting in the same light intensity condition. Increases differed under fluorescent light and sun light. That of Saineaulia ‘Delaware’and Anthurium scherzerianum increased in the order of optical fiber, fluorescent light and sun light, but that of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana and Ardisia pusilla increased in the order of optical fiber lighting, sun light and fluorescent light. Summing up these results, In visual value or internal health status of all experimental plants we obtained the highest result under an optical fiber lighting. Finally, we need to introduce an optical fiber lighting in interior landscape space as main light source.