• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.1011-1021
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• 2016

This study performs the potential flood hazard analysis by applying elevation data, soil data and land use data. The susceptibility maps linked to elevation, soil and land use are combined to develop the new types of flood hazard map such as runoff production map and runoff accumulation map. For the development of the runoff production map, land use, soil thickness, permeability, soil erosion and slope data are used as runoff indices. For the runoff accumulation map, elevation, knick point and lowland analysis data are used. To derive an integrated type of flood potential hazard, a TOPSIS (The Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) technique, which is widely applied in MCDM (Multi-Criteria Decision Making) process, is adopted. The indices applied to the runoff production and accumulation maps are considered as criteria, and the cells of analysis area are considered as alternatives for TOPSIS technique. The model is applied to Gamcheon watershed to evaluate the flood potential hazards. Validation with large scale data shows the good agreements between historical data and runoff accumulation data. The analysis procedure presented in this study will contribute to make preliminary flood hazard map for the public information and for finding flood mitigation measures in the watershed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.20-30
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• 2003

This study is aimed at establishing the categories and items for ecological assessment and evaluation of the environmental friendliness of golf courses in the capital region of Korea. The categories and items for the assessment have been derived based on the existing literature and interviews with golf experts. This study covers 32 golf courses in the capital region of Korea that are available in terms of data and on-site surveys. In order to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the environmental friendliness of the golf courses, the assessment area was divided into 4 categories that include a total of 14 sub-categories. The 4 categories encompass 1) location, 2) topography, 3) vegetation, and 4) construction. As its sub-categories, the location category includes current land use and zoning in the National Land Use Management Law. Topography has 2 sub-categories in the damage ratio of existing topography, gradient, cut area, and slope height. The assessment of vegetation is largely based on site surveys in the categories of preservation of the existing vegetation, the use of natural resources and existing trees, the component ratio of native tree species, the multi-layered structure of vegetation, and the utilization of water purification plants. In the aspect of construction, afforestation on tile slopes and the utilization of existing surface soil were evaluated. The examination of comparative analysis among the 10 items as a ratio measure showed that the scores were low in the sub-categories of current land we, the use of existing trees, and the multi-layered structure of vegetation. However, the rating results were satisfactory in the 2 sub-categories including cut area, and the utilization of native tree species. Those proved to be contributing factors in the ecological health of the golf courses. According to correlation analysis of the 10 items to the overall ecological rating of each golf course, the sizes of the 32 golf courses were mainly affected by the damage ratio of existing topography, gradient, preservation of vegetation and slope height. This study has the initiative to conduct an ecological assessment of golf courses in the country based on site surveys. The study results revealed that location factors such as current land use, damage ratio of topography and gradient and topographical factors were the main factors affecting the environmental friendliness of golf courses. This indicates indicating the significance of these factors in the future construction practices of golf courses. Furthermore, this study raises the need for follow-up studies to establish more detailed assessment criteria and to develop assessment techniques for areas such as slope afforestation and water purification plants that need a qualitative approach.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.103-111
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to review foreign scenic inventory map for the systematic management of natural scenic resources. Several foreign cases were surveyed and analyzed to apply the scenery inventory map in domestic, such as Visual Resource Management(VRM) from United States Bureau of Land Management, Scenery Management System(SMS) from USDA Forest Service and Visual Landscape Inventory(VLI) from British Columbia Ministry of Forest's, that were already established scenery inventory maps. The results are as follows. First, the characteristic of Korean landscape is quite a different from those of north american's, which is much smaller and more complex in topography and land use. So, it would be difficult to apply foreign system directly and we need more researches to our own system. The multi-stepped landscape unit system is highly recommended. Second, scenic quality could be estimated by the pre-built database, such as land forms, vegetation, hydrology and land uses. Historical and cultural attributes should be complemented. Third, existing scenic integrity could be grasped by scenic damage, landscape alteration caused by human activities and land exfoliation. Also, subjective evaluation method should be supplemented by objective criteria through further detailed studies. Finally, about landscape view conditions, landscape control points should be surveyed and established in advance, and viewing distance, viewing frequency, amount of observers and public interests should be considered.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.33-47
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• 1996

To select the criteria, literature review was made in the quantitative case of conservation biology, foreign country's EIA and domestic ecology. Among them, a few factors was extracted. To applicate the criteria to domestic forest ecosystem, expert opinion survey was executed to the ecologist. The results were summarized as follows; 1. Classification of sites was made of land use system which is related to forest ecosystem or forest conservation. Sites are divided into 3 categories which are nature preservation area, seminature preservation area and urbanized area. Evaluation criteria is consisted of rarity and naturalness. 2. Each area had different criteria composition according to the site characteristics. Criteria of nature preservation area is rarity in the broad sense (distribution pattern of vegetation), vegetation size, successional stage and depth of organic matters. Those of seminature preservation area are rarity in the broad sense (distribution area of vegetation), vegetation size, successional stage, diameter at breath height and depth of organic matters. And those of urbanized area are vegetation distribution in area, successional stage, age of forest and diameter of breath height. The basic data of criterion was gathered by field survey. 3. Evaluation index and total naturalness index was obtained by adding the each criterion. It is made up of two categories-rarity and naturalness. TNi is divided into 3 grades. Grade I is more than 70% for TNi, grade IT is 50~70%, and grade III is below 50%. According to the each grade, permitted action and facilities were suggested.. This research just focuses on the evaluation of vegetation quality and the assessment results do not directly judge conservation or development. To make better evaluation criteria, various fields of forest ecosystem-geological or physical nature environment and fauna ecosystem etc. -will be added wholly to this research.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.157-164
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• 2012

PURPOSES: Regional offices of the Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs use a computerized system called KAMIS so as to manage road equipment systematically. Road agencies can record number of operating days by equipment, actual working hours, accumulated operating hours (or distance) by equipment, and operating cost. However, KAMIS does not provide critical information, although it is strongly related to efficient road management equipment operation. In other words, road agencies do not know whether they have sufficient equipment to handle their actual work. METHODS: Therefore, this study suggests a methodology to evaluate for operational efficiency of road management equipment using analytical hierarchy process(AHP). First of all, estimated weights related criteria can be produced by AHP, and then use operational history by pieces of equipment. RESULTS: Results show that importance of management work can differ from weather conditions through five areas. CONCLUSIONS: Commonly, this results can imply to help save money for the purchase and maintenance of road management equipment, and they would improve the functional performance of KAMIS.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.333-342
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• 2013

Soil compaction is affected by soil texture, organic matter (OM), strength (ST) and soil moisture, which is difficult to understand the degree and effects of related factors. The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of them on the compaction with bulk density (BD). The analysis was conducted with data collected from national-wide monitoring sites including 105 upland soils, 246 orchard soils, and 408 paddy soils between 2009 and 2012. The distributions of soil physical properties were measured. The correlation and multi linear regression analysis were performed between soil physical properties using SAS. The regression equation of BD(y) includes ST, gravitational water contents (GWC), and OM as variables commonly, having additional factors, clay content and sand content in paddy soil and upland soil for only subsoil (p<0.001). Our results show that the BD could be explained about 40~50% by various physical properties. The regression was mainly determined by ST in orchard and upland soil and by the GWC in paddy soil. To mitigate soil compaction, it is important to maintain the proper level of OM in upland soil and to consider the moisture condition with soil texture in paddy soil when making work plan. Furthermore, it would be recommended the management criteria classified by soil texture for the paddy soils.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2015

Beginning of the human ecology in 1920s, the efforts for applying the environmental values to a policy have been embodied by the enactments of international agreement and relevant laws. The government has been struggling to adopt the environmental values for the policy by enacting the relevant laws and establishing the environmental value evaluation information (environmental conservation value assessment map, eco-natural map, biotope map). In spite of the efforts to apply the environmental value assessment information for the habitat potential of wildlife, the application is being challenged by the discrepancy in methods and criteria. Thus this study intends to measure the potential of wildlife habitat and apply it to the spatial value classification for the application plan of wildlife habitat potential in policy. Maxent was used for the habitat potential and the land types were classified depending on the surface and land use pattern of cadastral map. As a result, the policy matrix including conservation strategy(CS), restoration strategy(RS), practical use strategy(PS) and development strategy(DS) has been deduced as CS $13.05km^2$(2.38%), RS $1.64km^2$(0.30%), PS $162.42km^2$(29.57%) and DS $8.56km^2$(1.56%). CS was emerged mostly on forest valleys and farmlands, and RS was appeared in the road area near the conservation strategy areas. Boryung downtown and Daecheon Beach were the center of DS, while the forest and farmlands were presented as PS. It is significant that this study suggest the new approaching method by comparing the wildlife habitat potential with the land type. Since this study evaluated the environmental value by one species of leopard cat (Prionailurusbengalensis) with Maxent model, it is necessary to apply the habitat potential measuring method for various target species as further research.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.1581-1589
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• 2013

The aim of this study is to suggest a methodology for calculating the peak-hour ratio of passengers at urban railway stations by reflecting the characteristics of passenger demand patterns and the land use inventory of stations. To achieve this, urban railway stations in Seoul are divided into three groups by using factor analysis and cluster analysis. For each station group, we calculate five and four variables related to the passenger demand patterns and the land use inventory of stations, respectively, as well as the peak-hour ratios of passengers. Among these nine variables, average daily passengers and the location quotient (LQ) index for business services are selected as the classification criteria for station groups based on statistical tests. Using the two variables, a group allocation process is suggested to estimate the peak-hour ratio of passengers for a newly-constructed station. Evaluation results based on thirteen stations show that the proposed methodology produces lower errors than the currently-used guideline does. The results of this study contribute to establishing efficiently construction and operation plans for newly-constructed stations.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.145-159
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• 1997

Cheju Island is the most attractive resort area in Korea for its exotic landscape, natural beauty, and traditional culture which is quite different from that of the mainland. Until now, most of the recreational facilities and accomodations have been constructed along the coastal areas. Recently, mid-mountain area has been under very heavy development pressure because it is suitable for new sites for tourism facilities and the land price in the coastal area is very high. The mid-mountain area is the land located 200-600m above the sea level. It is a major source of water supply for the island and has exotic scenic beauty, which cannot be found in mainland but it is the area very vulnerable to water pollution Therefore, it is very important to manage this area based on the concept of environmentally sound and sustainable development in order to meet ever increasing demand for the land development The purposes of this project are: 1) to establish Geographic Information System for the whole island, 2)to formulate environmentally sound landuse plat However, There has been accuracy of the original map, defining criteria of analysis, updating of the data were identified for future tasks to be studied.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.15 no.2 s.40
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• pp.43-49
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• 2007

In this study, a GIS spatial analysis method adopted fuzzy concept was introduced and land suitability analysis of waste landfill were conducted through this method. Previous studies conducted site evaluation and land suitability analysis by appling spatial overlay of conventional GIS that based on the boolean logic of crisp set. However these method can not consider the uncertainty of spatial data and the incongruity of data classification criteria, because these method handle spatial data based on the boolean logic of crisp set. As not provided trustable analysis result, conventional GIS spatial overlay method lacks opportunity for expanding use in reality. This study selected waste landfill as facility for analysis and applied fuzzy spatial analysis method as an objective approach. In the concrete contents of study, a series process with regard to the definition procedure of membership function for continuous data and the fuzzy input value generation of spatial data for fuzzy analysis is established. As a result, in this study we proposed a method that derive parameters for deciding the membership function of spatial data by considering the criterion of data classification and factor selection for land suitability analysis of waste landfill.