• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.162-171
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 수질오염총량제의 토지계 발생부하량 산정 방식에서의 지목 단순화로 인한 불확실성을 분석하고, 23 개 중분류 토지피복도를 기존 산정방식에 적용하여 지목 확장을 할 수 있도록 개선하였으며 이를 L-THIA 모형을 이용하여 검증하였다. 진위천 유역에 대하여 지목이 단순화된 기존 방식(시나리오 1)과 23개 중분류 토지피복도를 이용한 방식(시나리 오 2)으로 산정된 TP 부하량을 비교한 결과 기존 방식의 불확실성이 높다는 것이 나타났으며, 시나리오 2에 의한 분석 결과 같은 대지 분류에 속하는 토지피복들에서 T-P 발생부하량의 편차가 3.45 kg/day~56.69 kg/day로 약 16배의 차이를 보였다. 시 나리오 2를 수질오염총량제에 적용할 수 있도록 23개 중분류 토지피복을 지적도 기반 지목으로 매칭하여 TP 발생부하량을 산정하였다(시나리오 3). 개선된 방식(시나리오 3)의 토지계 T-P 발생부하량 산정의 정확도를 검증하기 위해 L-THIA 모형의 결과와 비교하였으며 모형 예측 대비 약 10% 정도로 차이가 매우 적게 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 향후 수질오염총량제의 토 지계 발생부하량 산정의 정확도를 높이는데 있어 기초자료로 사용될 수 있을 것이라 기대된다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.281-291
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• 2009

In Total Water Pollutant Load Management System of Korea, unit load approach based on land register data is currently used for the estimation of non-point pollutant load. However, a problem raised that land register data could not always reflect the actual land surface coverages which determine runoff characteristics of non-point pollution sources. As a way to overcome this, we tried to establish quantitative relationships between the aerial images (0.4m resolution) which reflect actual land surface coverages and the land registration maps according to the 19 major designated land-use categories in Kyeongan watershed. Analyses showed different relationships according to the land-use categories. Only a few land-use categories including forestry, road and river showed essentially identical and some categories such as orchard, parking lot and sport utility site showed no relationships at all between image data and land register data. Except for the two cases, all the other categories showed statistically significant linear relationships between image data and land register data. The analyses indicate that using high resolution aerial maps is a better way to estimate non-point pollutant load. If the aerial maps are not available, application of the linear relationships as conversion factors of land register data to image data could be an possible option to estimate non-point pollutant loads for the specific land-use categories in Kyeongan watershed.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.598-607
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• 2010

One of constraints in the application of unit-load method to estimate non-point pollution loads in the total water pollutant load management system (TWPLMS) is the limited numbers of applicable unit-loads. Since only 7 unit-loads are currently available for total 28 land-use categories in the national land register data, each unit-loads inevitably have to represent several land-use categories regardless of their actual land coverage characteristics. As a way to minimize the problem, this study suggested a nested application of the available unit-loads based on the analysis of high resolution aerial images taken in the Kyeongan watershed. Statistical analysis of three selected land-use categories such as school, apartment complex, and golf course showed that there exit significant (95% confidence level) relationships between the registered land-uses and actual land coverages. The school and apartment complex currently considered as 100% ground have only 65% and 80% of ground characteristics, respectively. Golf course, which is considered as 100% pasture, has about 5% of ground area. This indicates that the unit-load method using in TWPLMS can give over estimated non-point pollutant loads for the school and apartment complex (19.8~54.4%) but under estimation for the golf course (80.9%).

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.418-428
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to predict the spatio-temporal changes in land uses and to evaluate land-based pollutant loads in the future under Total Water Pollution Load Management System using CLUE-S model. For these ends, sensitive parameters of conversion elasticities in CLUE-S model were calibrated and these calibrated parameters of conversion elasticities, level II land cover map of year 2009, and 7 driving factors of land use changes were used in predicting future land uses in 2002 with two scenarios(Scenario 1: non area restriction, Scenario 2: area restriction). This projected land use map of 2020 was used to estimate land-based pollutant loads. It was expected that urban areas will increase in 2020 from both scenarios 1 and 2. In Scenario 1, urban areas are expected to increase within greenbelt areas and deforest would be expected. Under Scenario 2, these phenomena were not expected. Also the results of estimation of BOD and TP pollutant loads, the BOD difference between scenarios 1 and 2 was 719 kg/day in urban areas and TP difference was 17.60 kg/day in urban areas. As shown in this study, it was found that the CLUE-S model can be useful in future pollutant load estimations because of its capability of projecting future land uses considering various socio-economic driving factors and area-restriction factors, compared with conventionally used land use prediction model.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1999년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
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• pp.1481-1483
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• 1999

Power distribution system planning for maximum customer satisfaction and system efficiency requires accurate forecast of future demand in service area. Spatial load forecasting method provides a more accurate estimation of both magnitudes and location of future electrical load. This method considers the causes of load growth due to addition of customers and per capita consumption among customers by land use (residential, commercial and industrial). So the land-use study and it's preference for small area is quite important. This paper proposes land-use preference estimation method based on fuzzy logic. Fuzzy logic is applied to computing preference scores for each land-use and by these scores the customer growth is allocated in service area. An simulation example is used to illustrate the proposed method.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.271-279
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• 2016

Recently developed trenchless construction methods ensure stability for the ground settlement by inserting steel pipes along the underpass section and integrating steel pipes before ground excavation to form pipe-roof. This study is to confirm the reinforcing effect of pipe-roof by measuring lateral earth pressure acting on the underpass constructed by the STS (Steel Tube Slab) construction method. For this purpose, lateral earth pressure was measured at the left and right side of the pipe-roof after installing earth pressure cells. As a result, lateral earth pressure was measured with considerable reduction because the integrated pipe-roof shared surcharge. Therefore, economic design for the underpass could be expected by sharing design load by pipe-roof. In addition, construction cost was analyzed according to the design-load sharing ratio by pipe-roof. As pipe-roof shares design load by 40%, the total construction cost can decrease by almost 10% in the case of four-lane underpass.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.128-137
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• 2014

The land use of the unit watersheds should be maintained appropriately in order to keep the load allotment stable for the management of Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs). This study classified the land area in four types and analyzed the use of each land type and its changing pattern by calculating the occupation and conversion ratios for the unit watersheds in three river basins. The forest land showed the greatest occupation ratio with 63.0%, followed by the farm land with 23%, the other area with 8.0% and the site area with 6.0% in 2003. The occupation ratio of the site and the other area increased by 0.4% and 0.2% respectively, and that of the farm and the forest land decreased by 0.4% and 0.2% respectively in 2007. The conversion ratio for the site area ranged from 1.65% to 1.97%, for the farm land from -0.47% to -0.33%, for the forest land from -0.10% to -0.04% and for the other area from 0.17% to 1.97%. It can be inferred that the decrease in the farm and the forest land contributed to the increase in the site area and that the increase in the other area was mainly made by the decrease in the forest land. It could be more effective to take into account the changes in the site area and in the forest land in the process of developing the TMDL plans.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2020

Offshore renewable energy resources are attractive alternatives in addressing the nation's clean energy policies because of the high demand for electricity in the coastal region. As a large portion of potential resources is in deep and farther water, economically competitive floating systems have been developed. Despite the advancement of floating technologies, the high capital cost remains a primary barrier to go ahead offshore renewable energy projects. The dynamically installed piles (DIPs) have been considered one of the most economical pile concepts due to their simple installation method, resulting in cost and time-saving. Nevertheless, applications to real fields are limited because of uncertainties and underestimated load capacity. Thus, this study suggests the appropriate analytical approach to estimate the inclined load capacity of the DIPs by using the upper bound plastic limit analysis (PLA) method. The validity of the PLA under several conditions is demonstrated through comparison to the finite element (FE) method. The PLA was performed to understand how flukes, soil profiles, and load inclinations can affect the inclined load capacity and to provide reliable evaluations of the total resistance of the DIPs. The studies show that PLA can be a useful framework for evaluating the inclined load capacity of the DIPs under undrained conditions.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.226-231
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• 2016

토지이용에 따른 수질에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위해서는 토지피복기반의 토지계 발생부하 원단위가 필요하다. 실측자료를 기반으로 토지피복기반 원단위를 도출하기에는 많은 인력과 시간을 필요로 한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 최적화를 통해 토지피복기반의 원단위 도출 방법을 제안하였다. 최적화란 주어진 조건 안에서 가장 좋은 최적해를 구하는 과정이며, 본 연구에서는 상용 프로그램인 Microsoft Excel에서 제공하고 있는 Excel Solver를 이용하여 최적화를 수행하였다. 공주시와 서천군의 2010년 위성영상 기반으로 작성된 2012년 환경부 중분류 토지피복도를 활용하여, BOD, T-N, T-P에 대한 토지피복기반 원단위를 도출하였다. 본 연구에서 수행한 토지피복기반 원단위 산정 연구는 국토 이용에 따른 오염원 발생변화를 보다 명확히 판별할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.1249-1260
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• 2020

Non-point source pollutants have characteristics the render them difficult to manage owing to the uncertainty of flow paths. As agricultural non-point sources account for more than 57% of non-point source pollutants, the necessity for management is increasing. This study examines the possibility of utilizing land cover maps to suggest a more appropriate method of setting management priority for agricultural non-point sources in the Daecheong Lake area and draws implications by comparing the results derived using the cadastral map, as mentioned in the TMDL Basic Policy. To define the prioritized areas for management, the pollution load was calculated for each subbasin using the formula from the TMDL technical guidelines. As a result, the difference in the average pollution load between the land cover map and cadastral map ranged from 11.6% to 21% among the subbasins. In almost all subbasins, there were differences in the ranking of management priorities depending on the land information that was used. In addition, it was found that it was reasonable to use the level 3 land cover map to calculate the load generated by the land system for examining the implementation goals and methods of each data and comparing them with satellite images.