• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2022년도 학술발표회
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• pp.160-160
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• 2022

Floods are the most common natural disasters and are annually causing severe destructions worldwide. Human activities, along with expected increased extreme precipitation patterns as a result of climate change enhance the future potential of floods. There are proven evidence that infrastructure based responses to flood disaster is no longer achieving optimum mitigation and have created a false sense of security. Nature-based solutions(NBS) is a widely accepted sustainable and efficient approach for disaster risk reduction and involves the protection, restoration, or management of natural and semi-natural ecosystems to tackle the climate and natural crisis. Adoption of NBS in decision-making, especially in developing nations is limited due to a lack of sufficient scenario-based studies, research, and technical knowledge. This study explores the knowledge gap and challenges on NBS adoption with case study of developing nation, specially for flood management, by the study of multiple scenario analysis in the context of climate, land-use change, and policies. Identification and quantification of the strength of natural ecosystems for flood resilience and water management can help to prioritize NBS in policymaking leading to sustainable measures for integrated flood management.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.453-466
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• 2006

본 연구는 CCCma CGCM2 기후모형을 이용하여 SRES A2, B2 시나리오 모의를 통한 기후변화가 2050년, 2100년 소양강댐유역의 수문환경에 미치는 변화양상을 SLURP 수문모형을 이용하여 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 수문영향을 평가하기 위해 사용된 모형의 입력자료는 NDVI의 경우, 1998년부터 2002년까지 5개년에 걸친 월별 NDVI를 사용하여 기온-NVDI와의 선형회귀분석을 통해 A2, B2 각 시나리오별 NDVI 값을 추정하였으며 대상유역의 토지이용에 따른 각 항목의 경년변화를 분석하기 위해 Landsat TM 위성영상을 이용하여 1985년부터 2000년의 5년 시간간격을 갖는 4장의 토지피복도를 생성하였다. 생성된 토지피복도를 사용하여 CA-Markov 연쇄기법을 통한 향후 50년, 100년 후의 토지이용변화상태를 모의하였다. 각 시나리오별 50년, 100년 후의 추정된 기상, NDVI, 토지이용도를 통하여 SLURP 모형에 적용한 결과, 토지이용현황은 CA-Markov 연쇄기법을 통해 모의된 향후 50년, 100년의 이용현황은 산림의 분포면적은 감소하는 반면 주거지, 나지, 초지 등은 두드러지게 증가하였다. 또한, 연쇄기법의 모의 시간간격 이 관측값의 모집단의 시간해상도에 비해 지나치게 클 경우 각 항목별 추이경향은 일정부분에서 수렴되었다. 또한, 기후변화에 따른 수문영향을 분석하기 위해 가상시나리오에 대한 증발산량 평가를 실시하였다. 증발산량 평가는 FAO Penman-Monteith 산정 공식을 통하여 기온, 일사량, 풍속에 대한 가상시나리오를 적용하여 분석하였다. 기후변화와 가상시나리오에 따른 수문분석 결과, 모의유출량은 SRES A2, B2 시나리오상에서 현재의 관측자료보다 대략 50%의 감소를 보이고 있으며 토지이용변화가 현재와 동일할 경우 SRES 시나리오를 적용한 경우보다 약 3$\sim$5%가량 더 감소됨을 확인하였다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.366-372
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• 2021

BACKGROUND: Ammonia is known as a precursor to fine particulate matter, and according to CAPSS, annual ammonia emissions in the agricultural sector were 249,777 tons as of 2018, accounting for about 79.0% of Korea's total ammonia emissions. In particular, ammonia emissions from agricultural land increased by 19,566 tons (10.2%) compared to the previous year. The Ministry of Environment is setting emission statistics using the ammonia emission coefficient developed in Korea in 2008, but researchers in the agricultural field regard it as a coefficient that does not reflect the reality of Korea's agricultural environment. Accordingly, in order to develop ammonia emission coefficients from the cultivation of apples and pears, Korea's representative fruit type, test agricultural land was set in Iksan, Jeollabuk-do. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study attempted to obtain the ammonia emission coefficient by the treatment of the composite fertilizer (N-P₂O₅-K₂O=12-7-9), and the flux was measured using a dynamic flow-through chamber method. As for the chamber, a total of 12 chambers were installed repeatedly in 4 zones and used to develop emission coefficients. Using compound fertilizers during fruit tree cultivation, the ammonia emission coefficient was evaluated as 10.4 kg NH3/ton for pears and 15.3 kg NH₃/ton for apples. The reason why the ammonia emission coefficient according to the use of composite fertilizers was calculated higher for apple cultivation is believed to be due to the relatively high pH concentration of apple orchard soil. CONCLUSION(S): This study may provide basic data for upgrading the ammonia emission coefficient when using composite fertilizers in agricultural land. In the future, it might be necessary to upgrade the calculation of emissions through the development of ammonia and fine particulate matter emission coefficients considering the agricultural environment of Korea.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제63권4호
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• pp.55-64
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• 2021

The expansion of upland crop cultivation in rice paddy fields is recommended by the Korean government to solve the problem of falling rice price and reduction of rice farmer's income due to oversupply of rice. However, water use efficiency is significantly influenced by the land use change from paddy field to upland. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the water budget of soybean grown in using APEX (Agricultural Policy and Environmental eXtender) model. The amount of runoff was measured in a test bed located in Iksan, Jeollabu-do and used to calibrate and validate the simulated runoff by APEX model. From 2019 to 2020, the water budget of soybean grown in uplands were estimated and compared with the one grown in paddy fields. The calibration result of AP EX model for runoff showed that R² (Coefficient of determination) and NSE (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency) were 0.90 and 0.89, respectively. In addition, the validated results of R² and NSE were 0.81 and 0.62, respectively. The comparative study of each component in water budget showed that the amounts of evapotranspiration and percolation estimated by APEX model were 549.1 mm and 375.8mm, respectively. The direct runoff amount from upland was 390.1 mm, which was less than that from paddy fields. The average amount of irrigation water was 28.7 mm, which was very small compared to the one from paddy fields.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.435-447
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• 2013

본 연구는 기후변화에 대응하여 2013년 3월 시행된 녹색건축인증기준의 평가항목 및 실제 인증현황 분석을 통해 현행 인증기준의 개선방향 모색을 위한 기초자료를 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 최근 영국 BREEAM, 미국 LEED, 독일 DGNB, 일본 CASBEE 등 선진국의 녹색인증기준은 기후변화에 대응하여 BREEAM Communities, LEED Neighborhood Development, DGNB Stadtquartiere, CASBEE Urban Development로 건축물 중심에서 도시 지구 차원으로 확대하여 시범 운영하고 있다. 이에 반해 국내 인증기준은 건축물 중심의 평가체계로 실내환경 및 에너지 부문의 배점비율이 높고, 외부환경에 해당되는 토지이용 및 교통 부문과 생태환경 부문은 배점비율이 낮다. 실제 토지주택연구원에서 인증을 받은 공동주택 79개 단지에 대한 평가점수를 분석한 결과, 실내환경 및 에너지 등 배점이 높은 평가항목에 따라 인증등급이 결정되어 배점이 낮은 외부환경 부문의 평가항목은 실효성이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 녹색건축인증기준이 기후변화 대응을 위한 실천수단으로 역할을 하기 위해서는 외부환경 부문의 평가체계를 보완하고, 나아가 국내 현실을 반영하여 도시 지구 차원의 평가체계 도입을 통해 국제적 인증기준에 부합하는 방향으로 개선해야 한다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2023년도 학술발표회
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• pp.32-32
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• 2023

Incidences of urban flood and extreme heat waves (due to the urban heat island effect) are expected to increase in New Zealand under future climate change (IPCC 2022; MfE 2020). Increasingly, the mitigation of such events will depend on the resilience of a range Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) used in Sustainable Urban Drainage Schemes (SUDS), or Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) (Jamei and Tapper 2019; Johnson et al 2021). Understanding the impact of changing precipitation and temperature regimes due climate change is therefore critical to the long-term resilience of such urban infrastructure and design. Cuthbert et al (2022) have assessed the trade-offs between the water retention and cooling benefits of different urban greening methods (such as WSUD) relative to global location and climate. Using the Budyko water-energy balance framework (Budyko 1974), they demonstrated that the potential for water infiltration and storage (thus flood mitigation) was greater where potential evaporation is high relative to precipitation. Similarly, they found that the potential for mitigation of drought conditions was greater in cooler environments. Subsequently, Jaramillo et al. (2022) have illustrated the locations worldwide that will deviate from their current Budyko curve characteristic under climate change scenarios, as the relationship between actual evapotranspiration (AET) and potential evapotranspiration (PET) changes relative to precipitation. Using the above approach we assess the impact of future climate change on the urban water-energy balance in three contrasting New Zealand cities (Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch and Invercargill). The variation in Budyko curve characteristics is then used to describe expected changes in water storage and cooling potential in each urban area as a result of climate change. The implications of the results are then considered with respect to existing WSUD guidelines according to both the current and future climate in each location. It was concluded that calculation of Budyko curve deviation due to climate change could be calculated for any location and land-use type combination in New Zealand and could therefore be used to advance the general understanding of climate change impacts. Moreover, the approach could be used to better define the concept of urban infrastructure resilience and contribute to a better understanding of Budyko curve dynamics under climate change (questions raised by Berghuijs et al 2020)). Whilst this knowledge will assist in implementation of national climate change adaptation (MfE, 2022; UNEP, 2022) and improve climate resilience in urban areas in New Zealand, the approach could be repeated for any global location for which present and future mean precipitation and temperature conditions are known.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2019

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) predicted that recent extreme hydrological events would affect water quality and aggravate various forms of water pollution. To analyze changes in water quality due to future climate change, input data (precipitation, average temperature, relative humidity, average wind speed and sunlight) were established using the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 8.5 climate change scenario suggested by the AR5 and calculated the future runoff for each target period (Reference:1989-2015; I: 2016-2040; II: 2041-2070; and III: 2071-2099) using the semi-distributed land use-based runoff processes (SLURP) model. Meteorological factors that affect water quality (precipitation, temperature and runoff) were inputted into the multiple linear regression analysis (MLRA) and artificial neural network (ANN) models to analyze water quality data, dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids (SS), total nitrogen (T-N) and total phosphorus (T-P). Future water quality prediction of the Anseongcheon River basin shows that DO at Gongdo station in the river will drop by 35% in autumn by the end of the $21^{st}$ century and that BOD, COD and SS will increase by 36%, 20% and 42%, respectively. Analysis revealed that the oxygen demand at Dongyeongyo station will decrease by 17% in summer and BOD, COD and SS will increase by 30%, 12% and 17%, respectively. This study suggests that there is a need to continuously monitor the water quality of the Anseongcheon River basin for long-term management. A more reliable prediction of future water quality will be achieved if various social scenarios and climate data are taken into consideration.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제28권6B호
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• pp.653-663
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 안성천 공도수위관측소 상류유역을 대상으로 SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool) 모형을 이용하여 현재의 유역 수문환경조건을 보다 현실적으로 분석하기 위해서 기상, 수문 자료와 점오염원 운영자료, 저수지의 방류량 자료 및 경작관리 형태의 자료를 구축하여 후속연구인 "미래 기후변화 및 토지이용 변화에 따른 안성천 유역 수문-수질 변화 분석 (II)"의 기본 자료로 활용하는데 목적이 있다. 유역 현실에 보다 가까운 분석을 위해 유역특성 자료인 점오염원 운영자료, 저수지의 방류량 자료 및 경작관리 형태의 자료를 구축, 분석한 후 모형의 검 보정을 실시하였다. 유역 특성 자료에 따른 분석 결과, 경작관리의 경우 농경지로 인한 수질 부하량의 경향과 흐름이 바뀌게 되며, 저수지 적용자료 적용시는 4-5월 시기의 관개를 위하여 방류를 시도한 패턴을 확인 할 수 있었다. 또한 환경기초시설, 경작관리를 미적용 및 적용시 약 10%의 하천수질 모의결과 차이가 발생하기 때문에 유역의 실제적인 상황에 근접하게 적용하기 위해서는 대상유역내의 정확한 자료의 구축과 적용이 중요하다고 판단되며, 유역 특성 자료를 통한 검보정 결과는 (II) 연구에서 기후변화와 토지이용에 따른 유역 수문-수질 변화 분석에 활용되어 보다 신뢰도 높은 결과를 도출 할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.1023-1032
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• 2004

Rapid progress in urbanization has resulted in a change of the micro climate, especially in the urban area. In order to investigate the phenomenon of the heat island in the residential micro climate, a field survey was carried out by 4 sets of the residential type in Jeonju under typical winter synoptic condition. As analytic methode, it is used the comparison on the relation of the Land-to-Coverage Rate to Heat Island and Oxygen Concentration. And as a key question it is asked how stable characteristics of the micro climate will result from the survey of the Heat Island and the Oxygen Concentration, used as indicator. To ensure the trustworthy result of research, it is calculated the critical influence of the wind velocity and the Land-to-Covearage Rate. As a result of comparative analysis, it could be confirmed that the local temperatures in all sets of the residential type were higher than the average temperature in Jeonju. But the housing type A 'exclusive use for housing zone' has relativly the most stable and best living condition. On the contrary the residential type B and D has the worst toward the oxygen concentration in the time zone 9-12 a.m., which didn't reach the minimum of the oxygen concentration $20.5{\%}.$ It means that the higer the development and population density is, the worse is the situation of the Quality of Life in the residential types in accordance with the heat island and oxygon con­centration.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.119-136
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• 2012

본 연구는 IPCC(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)에서 제시한 기후변화 취약성 개념을 서울시에 적용, 적정 홍수 취약성 지표 산정 및 퍼지모형을 활용하여 기후변화 분야 중 홍수취약성을 평가하고 GIS를 이용하여 취약성도를 작성하였다. 이를 위해 선행연구를 기반으로 지표를 도출하였다. 도출된 지표는 기후노출(일 최대 강수량, 일강수량 80m 이상인 날 수), 민감도(침수지역, 경사, 지질, 고도, 하천으로부터의 거리, 지형, 토양 및 불투수면적) 및 적응능력(홍수조절능력, 자연녹지, 공원녹지) 등의 자료이며, 이를 GIS 기반의 공간데이터베이스로 구축하였다. 구축된 지표값들을 통합하기 위한 방법으로 퍼지모형을 활용했으며, 퍼지소속값 결정을 위해서는 빈도비를 활용하였다. 2010년 침수 발생 자료를 활용하여 항목들간의 상관관계 및 퍼지소속값을 산정하였으며, 2011년 침수 발생 지역으로 작성된 취약성도를 검증하였다. 분석결과 서울지역 홍수피해에 크게 영향을 미치는 지표는 일강수량이 80mm이상인 날수, 하천과의 거리, 불투 수층으로 나타났다. 서울의 경우, 최대강수량이 269mm 이상일 때 적응능력(유수지, 녹지)이 부족하고, 고도가 16~20m 정도이며 하천에서 50m이내에 인접한 지역, 공업용지에서 홍수취약성이 매우 높은 것으로 나타났다. 지역적으로 영등포구, 용산구, 마포구 등 한강 본류의 양안에 위치한 구들이 비교적 취약지역을 많이 포함하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 기후변화 취약성 평가의 개념을 적용하고, 방법론으로 퍼지모형을 활용함으로써 기존의 취약성 평가기법을 개선하였으며 평가결과는 홍수예방정책에 대한 우선지역 선정과 의사결정의 주요한 근거로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.