• 건축역사연구
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.25-43
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to investigate the meaning of letter-shaped house plan of the Imchongak in Andong and to Analyze its housing principles. The letter-shaped house plan of the Imchongak lays its root in the traditional Eastern thoughts, showing feature of Taolsm. The Imchongak applied the principles of a good land and a good house, which are originated from the Yonyang theory, Five elements theory, Poongsochiri, housing principles and letter shapes of good fortune. The letter shape of the Imchongak is 用(as below), and 日, 月, and 明 are contained in it. The lette 明means brightening the mind and life of human being by himself. The letter 用 is shaped to express the idea of Cheayong Theory of Confucianism, which refer to everlasting interaction of all thing in the universe. In applying the housing principles, Potaebob was used for the orientation of the house. Samhabbob, Jungeomjungyangbob and Dongsusataecbob were utilized to locate the gate. In addition, Dongsusataecbob was used for the positioning of rooms in most cases. The Imchongak succeeded traditional Eastern thoughts and it realized the concept and philosophical idea of Confucianism as a house. What is importan in the house plan of the Imchongak is that it repesents the ideal of Confucians in Chosun Dyansty that the man, house, nature, and universe are one. It also advocates ideology of Confucianism which emphasizes that a human life can be completed when man live together with the nature and harmonize themselves with it.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2016

패널식 옹벽은 지보재를 통한 선지보 개념으로 프리캐스트 패널과 체결하여 원지반 강도를 최대한 보호하며 보강하는 공법이다. 최근 건설공사에서 대규모 깎기비탈면의 형성에 따른 토공량 증가와 환경 훼손을 최소화하고 용지제한에 따른 토지의 효율적인 이용을 위해 패널식 옹벽의 적용이 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 원지반 부착식 패널옹벽은 자연암반 질감을 갖는 프리캐스트 콘크리트 패널을 사용하여 경관성을 향상시키고 완전한 Top-Down 시공법을 구현하도록 개발된 공법으로 수직절취와 패널의 원지반 직접부착이 가능해 비탈면 이완을 최소화하고 터파기 및 되메우기 공종을 배제하여 시공성을 개선하였다. 본 연구는 현장시험시공을 수행하여 수직절취 및 Top-Down에 대한 시공성을 확인하고, 대형재하시험과 하중단계별 계측결과를 분석하여 원지반 부착식 패널옹벽의 거동특성을 분석하였다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.783-795
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• 2017

This study measured consumer's recognition, reliability, emotion and images about current eco-marks as well proposed an eco-mark rating scale and mark designs to improve consumer's trust on the fashion product marks. We used a questionnaire survey to collect data from 150 persons about knowledge, interests, and practice on eco fashion products in relation to trustfulness and positive images for three domestic and three international eco-marks. We evaluated and gave eco scores to six fiber-type products (cotton, organic cotton, wool, polyester, biodegradable polyester and nylon) in terms of consumer's use, water & land consumption, waste amount, carbon footprint, and toxicity. We suggested a new 5-level rating scale for eco marks, which quantified the concept of environmental friendliness of fiber products. The design for eco-mark of rating scale showed the total grade with two sub scores of environmental sides and human sides developed with an improved visual understanding for consumers. The design is one through benchmarking the energy-consumption efficiency mark, which is familiar to consumers such as a half circle shape to save environment resources to alarm consumers to environment problems.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.718-735
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• 2008

환승시설(Park-and-Ride facilities)은 상이한 교통수단을 갈아탈 수 있도록 설계된 교통시설로, 대도시 지역의 교통혼잡, 대기오염 등 교통문제를 완화시키는 방안으로 평가받고 있다. 환승시설의 입지 결정은 다기준 의사결정 과정으로, 다양한 입지요인들을 체계적으로 평가하고 결석하는 방법을 필요로 한다. 본 연구의 목적은 지리정보시스템(GIS)의 공간데이터 관리기능 및 다양한 공간분석 기능을 이용하여 환승시설의 입지 적합도를 평가하는 방법 및 절차를 제시하는 것이다. GIS를 이용한 적합도분석 방법을 이용하여 지가, 토지이용, 도로접근성, 대중교통접근성, 승용차 유인가능성, 업무활동중심지로부터의 거리, 기존시설과의 경쟁 등의 요인들을 평가하였다. 그 후 가중치 기법을 이용하여 개별요인 적합도를 모두 반영한 최종 적합도 지도를 생성하였다. 종합적으로 평가된 결과를 바탕으로 정해진 수의 입지 후보지를 선정하였고 잠재적 수요를 평가하였다. 잠재적 수요평가를 위하여 포물선 모양의 서비스 영역을 정의하였다. 이러한 환승시설 입지 적합도분석 과정을 시설의 입지결정 및 설계과정에 유용한 정보를 제공한다.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.95-108
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• 2015

Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) is quickly being adopted by aviation safety authorities around the world as the standard for aircraft tracking. The technology provides the opportunity for live tracking of aircraft positions within range of an ADS-B receiver stations. Currently these receiver stations are bound by land and local infrastructural constraints. As such there is little to no coverage over oceans and poles, over which many commercial flights routinely travel. A low cost space based ADS-B receiving system is proposed as a constellation of small satellites. The possibility for a link between aircraft and satellite is dependent primarily on proximity. Calculating the likelihood of a link between two moving targets when considering with the non-periodic and non-uniform nature of actual aircraft flight-paths is non-trivial. This analysis of the link likelihood and the performance of the tracking ability of the satellite constellation has been carried out by a direct simulation of satellites and aircraft. Parameters defining the constellation (satellite numbers, orbit size and shape, orbit configuration) were varied between reasonable limits. The recent MH370 disappearance was simulated and potential tracking and coverage was analysed using an example constellation. The trend of more satellites at a higher altitude inclined at 60 degrees was found to be the optimal solution.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 1993년도 Proceedings of International Conference for Agricultural Machinery and Process Engineering
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• pp.119-128
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• 1993

Effective machine capacity is affected by the physical and geometrical conditions of the fields. In the small and scattered farmland structure field efficiency is greatly influenced by plot geometry. In this paper, a method for estimating field efficiency and effective machine capacity was developed . The developed method was applied to Korean paddy cultivation. Various time elements related to farm operations for small and scattered plots are discussed in this paper . Available working time is divided into two parts, viz. the preparation time for machine operation and actual working time. Two kinds of machine efficiencies, namely , Machine Efficiency 1, applicable on a single large plot or set of well consolidated plots ; and Machine Efficiency 2, applicable on small and scattered multiple plots, are considered. Based assumptions made and steps followed to construct the model are discussed. Effective capacity of each machine based on different plot geometries are calculated y the model. Machine efficiency on a single plot increases with increase in the dimension of longer side of the plot . Low speed, low theoretical capacity machines have higher machine efficiency which is only slightly influenced by plot geometry. As plot geometry is improved , the machine efficiency of high speed, high capacity machines increases rapidly. The effects of short side length and plot size on machine efficiency on a single plot depend on the type of farm operation. For a particular plot shape, as plot size increases, machine efficiency on multiple plots increases rapidly. The effects of consolidation on machine efficiency is highly significant if the plot size is small and/or machine size is large.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.404-410
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• 2009

This study was carried out to develop a self-propelled type explosive subsoiler for improving the root zone soil conditions in orchard and other forest fields. Prototype was designed to be able to inject air and other soil improving material such as lime into soil at the same time, and thus improve the air permeability and drainage of orchard soils to promote the root growth of tree for high quality fruit production. Soil penetration device of explosive subsoiler is composed of air hammer, penetration rob and air injection nozzle. To support the soil penetration device of explosive subsoiler to penetrate vertically, modified Scott-Russel mechanism was used. Timing control device for simultaneous injection of soil improving material with air was attached to the out side wall of air cylinder and as the cylinder move, the soil improving material was injected into soil at the same time. Turning radius of prototype was 2.2-2.3 m with good mobility in sloped land. It took approximately 1 minute for lime injection system to reach the optimum pressure of 9.9 kg/$cm^2$, average 10-20 seconds were required to rupture soil with the depth of 50 cm and 2-3 seconds were required for explosion, so all in all about 1 minute and 20 seconds were required for one cycle of explosion. Maximum soil rupture depth and diameter were 50 cm and 3-4 m respectively depending on the soil type and soil moisture content. For final design of explosive subsoiler inclination angle of lime hopper was increased from 60 degree to 70 degree and the shape of hopper was changed from rectangular cone to circular cone to solve the clogging problem of lime at out let. Agitating system operated by compressed air was attached to the metering device of the prototype, thus more than 90 cc of lime was discharged per cycle from metering device without clogging problems.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.1-14
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to find out how the urban landscape of Korea, especially Seoul, changed during the last half century since 1945. The modernization of Korea, which had begun in 1960's after the chaotic period caused by Korean War, influenced the rapid growth of cities and the radical changes of its structures. But the Western-minded planning theories based on rationalism and positivism was directly applied in developing our traditional cities and consequently the modern urban landscape including urban pattern, architectural style, and commercial and residential landscape revealed disharmony, discrepancy and inconsistency in skylines, streetscape and so on. The findings are summarized as follows. 1. Because the urban structure and pattern changed in undesirable manner in terms of land use and traffic circulation, cities as a whole resulted in exclusive and heterogeneous landscape, and citizens lost their identity and felt alienated. 2. Because the architectural forms of important and monumental buildings which influenced the character of streetscape were not so successful in inventing contemporary Korean Style in true sense, we still have difficulty in creating the urban landscape of originality and legibility. 3. Because from the beginning of this era almost all highrise buildings were designed by modernism-oriented western architects, the commercial landscape of central cities did not evoke a sense of place, and after the introduction of postmodernism this tendency is ore striking even in everyday ordinary streetscape. 4. The newly formed residential landscape which was mainly composed of highly dense and highrise apartment, not only evolved very overwhelming and ugly visual impact but also exposed many social problems in living condition, neighboring and face-to-face contact. In conclusion, in ordr to define the 'Koreanness' of our urban landscape, we have to struggle to combine traditional architectural heritage and native townscape with Western shape, thought and theory, no matter how difficult it may be.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2000

This study aims to examine the characteristics of the water quality variation in relation to the change of water exchange rate with respect to the development phases of the Pusan port. To clarify the characteristics, water exchange caused by the variations of coastline shape and water surface area was examined by the numerical experiments using the Lagrangian particle tracking model based on 2-D shallow water equation. As the results of numerical experiments, it was proved that the water exchange in the Pusan port was decreased mainly due to the port development and the breakwaters construction. During the port development phases from 1875 to 1998, 35% of the sea-space in the port had decreased to make hinterland spaces. This resulted in the loss of wet-land and coastline change as well as decrease of the water exchange rate at the sea side. The city population in that period had rapidly increased from several thousands to 4 millions, resulting in the large discharge of sewages into the port area. Under the these environmental conditions, it can be clearly said that the water quality in the Pusan port is sensitively affected by the discharge of urban sewages decrease of the water exchange rate in relation to port and urban developments. In the study, the temporal changes of water quality were discussed with respect to the port development phases. It was clear that the water quality wad controlled by the exchange rate change under the port development as well as the input impact into the port from the urbanized city area. To make clean sea of the Pusan port, it is suggested that the sewage control, the water exchange and coastline control should be systematically checked under the concept of eco-friendly development and environmental management.

• 복식
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• 제38권
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• pp.213-231
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to find a root from naturalism to contribute the identity of Korean fashion design in the world which has universality and particularity. The beauty of nature has accumulated in our unconscious-ness, influenced to our unconsciousness, and contributed to make the formative sense. Our consciousness influenced by climate, for example, the sense of softness from soft curve which can feel from the sight of Korean mountain, land the sense of comfort and security from round rock formed by weathering, the sense of thick-ness from cotton to endure cold winter etc. has a tendency to thick and act by nature's law. This tendency made naturalism by Korean climate and linked to the sense of natural-istic beauty and became a important part forming the Korean fashion design. In this study, the researcher found Korean climate is a important factor acting in our consciousness, and influenced the formative sense. The concept of climate which is made our formative sense include topography, climate, soil, plant and so on. This influenced a lot to set up a foundation of Korean fashion design. And the naturalism by Korean climate newly created and developed shape, color, material and design. It is our duty to develope design based on naturalism to secure the competitive power against the world in this period of information and this design is getting important as a high value added method put into Korean culture. Therefore, developing Korean design which shapes the beauty of Korean nature and traditional culture will have a important competitive power in the world. Moreover, it will make a new tradition of Korean fashion culture stagnated by internationally universalized western fashion after the modernization. Also, it will be needed to develop a common design which can be agreed not only us but all the world for the request of these days of international. Therefore, this study contributed to find definite ours and found centripetal point to find the direction of Korean's philosophy and ideology. But this approach, we could secure the competitive power in this period of international and information and determine and develope the Korean fashion as a culture base, leading the world.