• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.1405-1415
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• 2015

This study is conducted to determine the damage, distinguish the types and identify the restoration by that type for 13 Korea national parks out of 21. There are 21 Korea national parks are in Korea covering 6.67% of the country or $6,656km^2$ ($3,902km^2$ on land and $2,754km^2$ in the sea) currently since the area around Jirisan ($440km^2$) was designated as the first Korea national parks in 1967. With the cancellation of entrance admission on Korea national parks since 2007, annual visitors to the Korea national parks have grown from 37 millions in 2008 to 46 millions by 2013 and continue to grow due to numerous leisure activities, alpine activities and social changes. As such, Korea national parks are natural resource with high value to be conserved and are attracting significant attention as recreational spaces for people at the same time. On the other hand, there have been issues of soil erosions or disturbed vegetation due to increased number of visitor to the national parks. Korea national parks area damage to its type and damage characteristics to analyse the 13 Korea national parks out of 21 on July 2012 March, Korea national parks over the subjects of the National Park from damaged area status Survey analysis by the Korea National Park Service. As a result, 203 million units in the 16 Korea national parks damaged land of the reform package during ecological trail (including non-regular hiking trails) 153 (77.66%), damaged valleys 20(9.14%) independent damaged area, 13 disconnected ecological axis(7.61%), closed trail(2.03%) (3.55%), and line type damage(like a non-regular hiking trails) appears to be a high ratio. Korea national parks damaged land of the results identified, by contrast ratio and the annual number of visitors Bukhansan national park(49.26%), Gyeongju national park(23.65%) damaged land rates, such as Seorasan national park(4.93%), Songnisan national park (4.43 %), Gyeryongsan national park(3.45%), and the annual number of visitors be similar result. The National Park Service has been reporting on damages and restorations but damages and their types have not been established yet. Damages have been generally studied and categorized on hiking trails due caused by heavy traffic on them but the reports were limited on hiking trails only. Since damage to the Korea national parks are not limited on the hiking trails, it is necessary to determine damages in various aspects. Thus, in this study, damage types, spatial characteristics, causes and restorations are analyzed based on the survey results of damages to national parks in order to provide a basis for the efficient management and operation of the Korea national parks.

• 법제연구
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• 제53호
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• pp.61-107
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• 2017

올해로 한반도가 남과 북으로 분단된 지 72년이 흘렀다. 1945년 8월, 일제로부터 해방과 동시에 남쪽은 자본주의, 북쪽은 공산주의(사회주의) 이념을 바탕으로 한 체제 갈등과 대립을 해왔다. 이러한 남북분단은 단순히 정치 경제체제에만 머물지 않고 법제도 역시 동질성을 찾기 어려운상황이 되어 버렸다. 그동안의 분단은 법제분단도 함께 동반되는 사회적현상의 결과를 낳게 되었다. 일례로 북한은 해방과 동시에 구 소련군의 주둔 하에 북한지역을 지배하면서 법적 안정을 위한 조치를 빠르게 취했다. 마르크스와 엥겔스의 역사적 유물론을 바탕으로 한 토지사유화 폐지 등 이데올로기적 상부구조의 변화를 가져왔다. 이러한 작업은 구 소련 등 다른 사회주의 국가들의경우와 같이 생산수단인 토지사유화 폐지 절차를 거쳐 국유화 정책을 단행하기에 이르렀다. 북한 정권은 민족적 독립완수와 반제적 반봉건적 관계 청산이라는 미명하에 토지개혁을 실시함으로 인해 분단 이후 남북한체제 간의 현격한 변화를 가져왔다. 본 논문에서는 우선 남북법제를 중점으로 지난 72년간 사회주의의 실험과정에서 자본주의와 대결하면서 단절된 북한 법제의 특성과 법적 환경을 탐구하고자 한다. 한편, 현재 통일을 위해 진행 중인 법제통합 연구의 현황에 대해서도 간략히 진단해 본다. 그리고 법제분단을 극복하기 위해 남북분단에 따른 남과 북 각각의 국가로서 법적 지위를 규명해 보고, 남북관계의 법적 성격과 북한법제가 갖는 한계성에 대해 살펴본다. 아울러 법제통합을 위한 기본방향을 모색해 보고, 법제분단 해소 방안을 제시하고자 한다.

• 한국측량학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국측량학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표회논문집
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• pp.485-490
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• 2004

Recently, distribution transfer velocity was extremely lowered by high supply rate of vehicle and low road rate. Therefore expansions of transfer network these were subway, road and railway to recover competitive power as a reform measure of physical distribution traffic were become preference previous subject. For reason of that, an expansion of transfer network is meeting competitive power as selected an elevated road in the ground road network that condition of location calm and get out of the existing urban than the underground road to connect oversensitive a large city and expanded small and medium satellite town. In the meantime, while elevated structures construct, they go through the civilian residential section, agriculture land, etc. The consequence is that it raises a vibration, noise, dust, an infringement of the right to a view and an infringement of the right to a sunshine. In this study, we analyzed Quantitatively sunshine quantity with building 3D simulation model of civil structure. Therefore, we present as planning data to reduce a civilian appeal for dispute of the right to sunshine and an economic and time loss between the government and construction company In addition to that, for the standard of the standard plan of usable sunshine quantity program in the practical business, the building of convenient user interface will be the project to be done.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술대회
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• pp.221-227
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• 2003

The characteristics of Japanese housing stock is as follows. 1. It is predicted that population from 2010 and general household from 2015 will decrease. The aging speed in Japan is faster than several advanced nations. 2. Housing shortage has resolved from 1973. In 1998, dwelling number per household is 1.13 houses and vacant dwelling rate is 11.5 percents. 3. Dwelling level of rented dwelling is lower than owner occupied houses; for instance, floor area of the former is one third of the latter. As for a household of thirties, family type household lived in rented houses reached 60 percents, it reveals that the demand exceeds the supply. 4. Houses constructed before the new earthquake resistant standard enforced from 1981 year is the half of the whole, housing improvement is needed in the future. Future housing market is changed to practical use of housing stock. Consequently, expansion of multi-habitation used a vacant housing of city dwellers, activation of the used houses distribution, growth of dwelling reform market, and activation of the rented houses are expected.

• 농촌계획
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.10-18
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• 2000

The objective of this study is to analyze 1) the law system in relation with the development permissions 2) characteristics of the development permissions change 3) especially focusing on the development permissions changes in agricultural, forestry and fisheries facilities in light of socio - economic conditions in Korea Greenbelt. The following results were obtained: 1) The purpose of Greenbelt in Korea is to control the land use in order to protect the surrounding areas from urbanization. 2) During the 1990s, the number of formulated development regulations increased one and half times than that of the previous decades(1970s 1980s). The main reasons are advancements of local autonomy and democratization. 3) Three patterns were observed with respect to ease the regulations in agricultural, forestry and fisheries facilities those are: (1) increase in types of businesses ; (2) increase the maximum area permitted ; (3) decrease in qualification for establishing facilities. 4) There were few development permissions in a agricultural, forestry and fisheries facilities in consideration to the regional agricultural condition. The development permissions were only during the period of restricted to use ($1979.12{\sim}1993.11$). We propose that the authority of development permission should be given to the local autonomy government, because the local government has the knowledge of its individual agricultural conditions.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제7권10호
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• pp.17-27
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• 1984

In order to foster the minor enterprises effectively we will have to take a proper step to control and adjust the excessive competitions of large-enterprises and minor as well as among minor enterprises, We should promote the relationship serialized between minor - and large - enterprises and establish mediation and control organizations and governmental policies to create re-subcontract among small and medium enterprises. To help the development of medium md small enterprises in Jeon-Buk area, therefore, Kunsan city should be designated as a Growth Position City. The reason is as follows. 1) Because Kunsan is located in Middle Western Seaside geographycally, and in the central place of our country as a key point of sea-transportation, we can cultivate the national land widely. 2) As an ocean gateway city of Kum River basin, Kunsan is a good place that can reform Hoh-nam inland of Kwang-iu, Jeon-ju, I-ri, and like places as well as central inland area of Dae-jeon, Chong-ju, etc.. 3) Kunsan is an advanced-base for constituting an industrial region of Weatern roast that has a spacious coastral industrial region and is connected with inland industrial park of Jeon-ju and I-ri and Jang-hang, Bi-in, etc.. From the above reason. Kunsan should be designated as a growth position city that can induce and promote the development of center of Western coast.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.54-65
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• 2003

The results of the research were as follows: The entire space of the village was based on natural formation in its initial formation stage. The traditional location conditions and environment were equipped with the possibility and conditions for the development of the village. Spatial boundaries were mostly divided by natural topography. The quantify of lots diminished in spatial structural factors, while the division of roads by hierarchy in terms of size became explicit. Alleys, as the minimum hierarchial nit, were degraded. The residence unit was focused on economic efficiency. Communal use facilities showed an external relations trend as central facilities. The land, unit residence and communal facilities approached the high hierarchial roads. The communal facilities showed relatively higher independence compared to the residence units. The spatial structural changes followed traditional life style in the initial stage of village formation; however, social elements mainly impacted on the changes. Since reform opening, economic elements were major causes of changes, while construction conditions, life style, and awareness of structures impacted upon the changes. Thus, the economic element is the major change element in the Korean Villages, even though other elements will also become diverse.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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• 제1호
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• pp.223-229
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• 2001

The Uminonakamichi Seaside Park is located in Fukuoka and extends over an area of 540 ha. This Park is directly developed and managed mainly by the national government for its use for recreational facilities serving a wide area. It is planned and developed as an urban resort-type park, exploiting the rich natural environment of the area, to serve urban residents in northern Kyushu. The management of the Park is jointly conducted by nine bodies, including the national government and private enterprises. The Park has several functions, ranging form an urban resort to conservation of the natural environment and education. The Park has so far been positively evaluated by its visitors. However, the social background for the Park is changing and the park is now facing changing needs for this type of park, necessitating coordination with the development around the Park and a need to respond to the recent fiscal structural reform. Further improvement of the visitor services and the reconfirmation of the government's role in the development work are essential for the maintenance and enhancement of that attractions of this Park in the coming years.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.401-421
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• 2015

This study aims at providing with the implication of the EU agri-environmental policy which modestly started in 1985 as an optional policy for the Member States and developed as one of main measures for the reformed CAP in 2013. The first AES was the ESA scheme which had a focus on specific areas where were regarded as having a high natural value and assisted farmers who were voluntarily participated in the scheme. Such a small scale measure has developed as a main policy of the CAP from several reforming processes. It is now applying for the entire land of the EU and necessary for every Member State to introduce the AES measures in their rural development plan. With the principle of cross-compliance and the whole farm approach, it is possible to encourage the European farmers to change their ways of farming into low-input farming. This is the best way to achieve sustainable farming and rural development. This analysis on the changing process of the AES provides the Korean government with somewhat logical perspective on the reform of agricultural policy. The most important thing is to recognise that protecting and restorating environmental and biological resource must precede economical utilising the rural resource.

• 기록학연구
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• 제22호
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• pp.115-155
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• 2009

한국이 일본에 병합되면서 갑오개혁~대한제국기 공문서는 조선총독부(朝鮮總督府)로 인계되어 과(課) 단위의 분류체계에서 부(部) 단위로 재분류되었지만, 그전에 몇 번의 재분류과정을 거쳤다. 재분류의 흔적은 갑오개혁~대한제국기 공문서철 표지에 찍힌 분류도장과 창고번호도장에서 확인된다. 분류도장에서는 '부(部)-국(局)-과(課)' 행정체계에서 과(課)를 단위로 문서철을 구분하고 분류도장을 찍고 호수를 부여하였다. 이는 대한제국기 공문서 분류체계와 동일한 것으로, 분류도장을 찍을 당시까지도 課를 단위로 한 분류체계는 유지되었다. 분류도장은 과(課) 단위로 구분하고 각 문서철에 호수를 부여하였지만, 과(課) 하위단위의 분류체계는 과(課)별로 차이가 있었다. 지세과(地稅課) 문서철은 한 호수에 여러 기관이 등장하고 문서연도는 앞뒤 호수에서 중복되었고, 같은 성격의 문서철이 따로 분류되어 있었다. 관세과(關稅課)와 잡세과(雜稅課) 문서철은 문서연도를 기준으로 편철된 두 과(課)의 편철 방식을 반영하여 문서연도를 기준으로 호수를 부여한 것으로 보여지지만, 문서연도와 'イロハ 가(歌)' 순서가 맞지 않았다. 갑오개혁~대한제국기에는 공문서를 과(課) 단위로 편철하였지만, 課 하위단위의 분류규정이 없어 분류도장의 문서철 분류를 대한제국기 공문서 분류체계의 원질서로 파악할 수 있는가의 여부는 명확하지 않다. 그러나 편철 방식은 문서 분류체계를 반영하므로, 편철 방식을 통해 대한제국기 과(課) 하위단위의 분류체계를 추론해 본다면, 분류체계는 '과(課) - 거래기관'과 '과(課) - 문서연도' 두 체계로 구분되었을 것으로 이해된다. 조선총독부는 대한제국기 공문서를 인계받고 창고에 보관하면서, 각 문서철에 창고번호도장을 찍었다. 창고번호도장은 대체적으로 각 창고별로 문서를 편철한 기관을 구분하여 문서철을 보관하였다. 각 창고의 서가에도 대체적으로 분류도장 호수 순으로 문서철을 배열하였지만, 일부 문서철은 호수가 뒤섞여 서가에 배열되어 서가와 호수 순서가 맞지 않았다. 서가에 문서철을 배열한 다음 각 문서철에 'イロハ 가(歌)' 순으로 기호를 부여했지만, 기호 역시 호수 순으로 부여된 것은 아니었다. 조선총독부가 각 창고에 문서철을 보관하는 과정에서 분류도장의 분류체계가 해체되고 있었던 것이다. 창고번호도장에서 나타난 특징 가운데 하나는 분류도장에서 각 문서철에 부여한 보존기간의 의미가 사라지고 있다는 점이다. 보존기간은 해당 문서가 지닌 역사적 행정적 가치에 따라 결정된다. 그런데 창고번호도장에서는 보존기간의 구분 없이 같은 서가에 보존기간이 다른 문서철을 뒤섞어 함께 배열하였다. 일본은 한국을 병합하면서 대한제국기 공문서를 일정 기간이 지난 뒤 폐기해야 할 행정 문서가 아니라, 식민 통치에 필요한 '고고(考古)의 재료(材料)'로 취급하였다. 일반 행정문서에서 식민 통치에 필요한 재료로 문서의 가치 평가가 전환되면서, 문서철에 부여된 보존기간에 상관없이 대한제국기 공문서를 모두 동일한 대상으로 취급하여 함께 보관하였던 것이다. 조선총독부는 식민 통치에 필요한 재료로 활용하기 위해 갑오개혁~대한제국기 공문서를 재정리하면서 부(部)를 단위로 재분류함으로써 대한제국기의 과(課)를 단위로 한 기관별 분류체계와 그 속에 포함되어 있던 기능별 분류의 성격도 해체하였다.