• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.453-466
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to make nine classical needles understood easily through interpreting Nine Classical Needles in Rhymes. Methods : The principle of classification and clinical application of Nine Classical Needle was sorted out referring to "The beginning of Nine Classical Needles in Rhymes" and "The prescription and treatment of Nine Classical Needles in Rhymes" which is the chapter of "Golden Mirror of Medicine". Results & Conclusions : The Nine Classical Needles, which were designed to get harmonious interaction between human beings and the nature, have been representative medical appliance in Korean Medicine. The needles consist of shear needle, round-pointed needle, spoon needle, lance needle, stiletto needle, round-sharp needle, filiform needle, long needle, and big needle. Nine Classical Needles in Rhymes was formed in a poem format to help us easily memorize the essential contents of Nine Classical Needles. "The beginning of Nine Classical Needles in Rhymes" dealt with the reasons of making needles and organization principles about Nine Classical Needles. "The prescription and treatment of Nine Classical Needles in Rhymes" sorted main treatment applications of nine needles, helping understand needles as medical appliance.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.157-169
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• 2011

Objective : Nine classical needles have been recorded in oriental medical classics as a diversified instrument for acupuncture to treat patients with various symptoms. Recently, it has suggested that doctors didn't make full use of acupuncture and that poor understanding of the nine needles has caused the lack of usage. Methods : It has studied bibliographically about the conformation including a length & shape and application & usages of the nine classical needles presented in oriental medical classics. Results : Chamchim (shear needle) has 1.6 chon (寸) length, sharp apex treating fever in the head and trunk; Wonchim (roun-pointed needle) has 1.6 chon, eggshaped apex treating disease of flesh by massaging with it; Sichim (spoon needle) has 3.5 chon, thick body with round sharp apex treating weakness of Qi; Bongchim (lance needle) has 1.6 chon, a triangled apex treating chronic disease with bleeding; Pichim (stiletto needle) has 4 chon, razor sharp applying to surgery of big pus; Wonlichim (round-sharp needle) has 1.6 chon, thin body, sharp apex treating acute arthralgia syndromes; Hochim (filiform needle) has various lengths which treats various disease of meridians and organs; Jangchim (long needle) has 7 chon, sharp apex treating chronic arthralgia syndromes in deeper place of body; Daechim (large needle) has 4 chon, nail like apex applying to excrete artheredema in joints. Conclusions : The conformation of nine classical needles has been changed from those recorded in oriental medical classics since it was developed. However, the usage of nine classical needles has remained the same. Therefore it is considered that intrinsic attribute of the nine needles has preserved even though the conformation of nine classical needles has changed.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2014

Objectives : The capillary destruction has frequently been used to treat telangiectasia in Korean Medicine. The objective of this study was to review of related literature concerning the capillary destruction as treatment for telangiectasia, and to discuss the clinical application of medical devices in accordance with the principles of Korean Medicine. Methods and Results : An extensive traditional literature including Huangdi Neijing were reviewed for identification of relevant evidence for treating telangiectasia. The telangiectasia is simply defined as a dilated, superficial blood vessel. It is called as the tertiary collateral vessel, superficial collateral vessel or Hyulrak(small superficial collateral vessel). The telangiectasia could be due to disturbances in the circulation of qi and blood. According to Huangdi Neijing, one of the oldest traditional literature published in 4th century B.C. through the first century A.D., it is needed to get rid of the vessel by the capillary destruction for treating telangiectasia using lance needle, shear needle, stiletto needle or moxibustion. Several studies have examined that intense pulsed light or laser as new therapeutic tools could have an sufficiently impact on aspects of improving the effectiveness of the capillary destruction. Conclusions : The capillary destruction for the treatment of telangiectasia has been used since two thousand years ago. We suggested that medical devices, such as intense pulsed light or laser, should be used to treat telangiectasia as a safe and convenient intervention in clinical practice of Korean Medicine.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.79-95
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• 2009

Background : Eye diseases refer to a wide range of disconveniences from conjunctivitis, pterygium, glaucoma to even blindness. Acupuncture has been widely used in Korea throughout the history and provides an efficient method in the treatment of them. Objectives : Establish a distinctive and efficient acupuncture method for the treatment of eye diseases based in literature research. Method : We reviewed four Korean medical literature, "Guide to Swollen Sore Treatment[治腫指南]", "Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine[東醫寶鑑]", "Experiential Prescriptions of Acupuncture and Moxibustion[鍼灸經驗方]", and "Essential Rhymes on Acupuncture and Moxibustion by Master Saam[舍岩鍼法]", and analyzed the therapeutic characteristics in the treatment of eye diseases. Result : 1. According to "Guide to Swollen Sore Treatment[治腫指南]", various methods were applied in the treatment of eye diseases. We can cite salt water washing method after needling, pricking bloodletting method using three-edged needle, surgery method using bent needle and lance needle, or sore treatment using sliced bean-curd and ground Aristolochiae Fructus among others. Acupuncture points like GV20[百會], BL1[睛明], EX-HN5[太陽], GB20[風池], GV24[神庭], GB1[瞳子髎], and GB15[臨泣] were mostly needled. 2. In "Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine[東醫寶鑑]", pricking bloodletting method were most frequently used in comparison to single acupuncture or moxibustion methods. Applied points were GV20[百會], BL1[睛明], LI4[合谷], EX-HN5[太陽], GB37[光明], BL18[肝兪], GB20[風池], BL2[攢竹], GB1[瞳子髎], and ST36[三里]. Also selections of adjacent points were considered important. 3. In respect to treatment methods "Experiential Prescriptions of Acupuncture and Moxibustion [鍼灸經驗方]" has some similarity to "Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine[東醫寶鑑]" as pricking bloodletting method were mostly used. Also focused on normal Qi flow through meridian. Points like BL18[肝兪], BL1[睛明], LU5[尺澤], EX-HN5[太陽], LI4[合谷] were used. 4. "Essential Rhymes on Acupuncture and Moxibustion by Master Saam[校勘舍岩道人鍼法]" considered visceral pattern identification method fundamental in the diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases. Specifically, Liver, Heart, Stomach, Lung, Kidney identification methods are presented. Combined both corresponding and connecting meridians supplementation and draining methods according to mother-child relation. Also Saam master's own experiential prescriptions are noted. Conclusions : After previous study on stroke, we could also find various efficient methods according to eye diseases, through literature research of korean medical classics. This study will concurrently result in establishing distinctive therapeutic method characteristic of Korea.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.13-40
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• 2016

Objectives : The practice of bloodletting therapy has taken place for several millenia all over the world. The therapy is still one of the most popular oriental treatments in Korea. This paper studies bloodletting therapy in Huangdineijing to provide the Korean Medicine doctors with knowledge of the therapy to effectively utilize it in their clinics. Methods : The author studied all of the diseases treated by bloodletting therapy in Huangdineijing, and placed them into three categories: the visceral and bowel diseases, the meridian diseases, and miscellaneous diseases. The author reviewed reference documents that show clinical experiences of using the therapy and the results from the research on the therapy's therapeutic dynamics. Results : The treatment principals such as diagnostic methods, meridian points selection, acupuncture methods, and tools for the bloodletting therapy were provided. Most of the diseases treated by the therapy were identified by the visceral pattern identification or meridian pattern identification except miscellaneous diseases. The characteristics of the diseases treated by the therapy were studied and the diseases were placed into categories such as fever, pain, qi counterflow, first-aid, mental disease, and deep-seated disease. Theoretical basis of the mechanism of bloodletting therapy was drawn from several researches and a number of clinical theses related to bloodletting therapy. Conclusions : Results of this study on bloodletting therapy in Huangdineijing could be a useful knowledge for the Korean medicine doctors to be utilized their clinics. Future studies on this type of therapy should be performed to identify the diseases that may be effectively treated by bloodletting therapy.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.273-280
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• 2023

Background: Intraoral local anesthesia is essential for delivering dental care; however, injection of this local anesthetic is perceived as the most painful and distressing agent for children, parents, and healthcare providers. Reducing pain as much as possible is essential to ensure smooth subsequent treatment procedures, especially in pediatric dentistry. In clinical practice, oral sucrose administration has been reported to decrease the pain during heel lance and cold pressor tests in neonates and children. This study aimed to determine whether the prior administration of a 30% sucrose solution reduced the pain related to inferior alveolar nerve block in children. Methods: A total of 42 healthy children aged 7-10 years requiring dental treatment of mandibular molars involving inferior alveolar nerve block were recruited. The participants' demographic details were recorded, height and weight were measured, and the anesthetic injection was delivered after receiving the respective intraoral sucrose solution and distilled water by the intervention (group 1) and control (group 2) group participants for 2 min. The subjective pain perceived during injection was measured using an animated emoji scale. The pain scores between the groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The median pain score and range for the intervention and control groups were 4 (2 - 6) and 6 (4 - 8), respectively, and statistically significant differences (P < 0.001) were observed in the intervention group. Age, sex, height, and weight did not influence the analgesic effect of the sucrose solution. Conclusion: Oral administration of sucrose may relieve pain associated with inferior alveolar nerve block in children.