• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.529-535
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• 1996

This study was performed to investigate some quality characteristics of 새려 prepared from soybean milk and various seaweed(Undaria pinnatifida, Laminaria japonica, Porpyra tenera, Enteromorpha sp., Codium sp.) pulps in the ration of 9:1(v:v) with 20% MgCl2. The yields of tofu containing Undaria pinnatifida, Laminaria japonica, or Enteromorpha sp. increased but porphyra tenera, Codium sp. decreased in comparison with tofu prepared from whole soybean milk. The protein content of tofu containing Undaria pinnatifida, Laminaria japonica, Porphyra tenera, or Codium sp. increased but Enteromprpha sp. decreased in comparison with the tofu prepared from whole soybean milk. The content of Ca in Undaria pinnatifida, Porphyra tenera added tofu was higher than that of the tofu prepared from whole soybean milk or other seaweeds added tofu. In sensory evaluation the texture, color, taste of tofu were favored with the addition of sea mustard(Undaria pinnatifida) pulp than that of the tofu prepared from whole soybean milk or tofu prepared other seaweed. Tofu prepared was possible with adding 0.5~1.5% sea mustard to soybean milk but the feasible added amount level was 1% of sea mustard. The yields, protein Ca, and K content of tofu were increased by the more adding amount of sea mustard tan tat of the tofu prepared from whole soybean milk. The hardness values of 1% sea mustard added tofu were decreased than that of the tofu prepared from whole soybean milk ; on the other hand, elasticity, cohensiveness, gumminess and brittleness of tofu with sea mustard increased. The L and a values of tofu were lower and b values were higher with the addition of 1% sea mustard. The content of histidine, tyrosine, leusine, and phenylalanine were decreased but the other amino acid were increased in tofu prepared from 1% sea mustard pulp added to soybean milk. The saturated fatty acid and monoene fatty acid content of tofu were increased and C18:2, C18:3(${\gamma}$), C18:3, C20:5 of polyene fatty acid were slightly decreased in tofu prepared from 1% sea mustard pulp added to soybean milk.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.313-317
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• 2006

To prepare oligouronic acids from high-molecular-weight alginates, sea tangle (Laminaria japonica) alginates were hydrolyzed at various pHs for 1 hr at 80$^{\circ}C$. The effects of hydrolysis pH (HpH) on the average molecular weight (AMW) and MW distribution ratios (DRs) in the hydrolyzed alginates were investigated. As HpH decreased, the DRs of the alginates with MW>500 kDa and MW=300-500 kDa decreased exponentially, while it increased exponentially for MW<50 kDa. For MW=100-300 kDa, DR increased exponentially as HpH fell from 5.0 to 3.5, and then decreased exponentially. Similarly, for MW=50-100 kDa, DR increased exponentially as HpH increased to 1.0 from 5.0, and then decreased exponentially. As HpH decreased, the MW cutoff size and AMW of alginates fraction with the highest DR were decreased. For HpH 4.5 and 5.0, the MW cutoff size with the highest DRs was MW=300-500 kDa; the DRs were 28.9 and 32.6%, respectively; and the AMW of both was about 400 kDa, for HpH 3.5 and 4.0, the cutoff size was MW=100-300 kDa; the DRs were about 28%: and the AMWs were both about 200 kDa. For HpH 3.0, the cutoff size was MW=50-100; the DR was 29.0%; and the AMW was 73 kDa. For HpH values below 2.0, the MW cutoff size with the highest DRs was MW<50 kDa, and all of the AMWs were below 28 kDa.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 1998

A 20-week growth trial was conducted in flow-through aquarium system to investigate the effects of supplemental macroalgae and spirulina in the diets on growth and body cmposition in juvenile abalone (Haliotis discus hannai). Four replicate groups of the abalone averaging 65mg were fed one of ten isonitrogenous (34%) and isolipidic (7.5%) diets containing 8.1% Ulva, 7.5% Undaria, 11% Laminara, 11% Sargassum, spirulina (5, 10 and 15%), or dried Undaria powder (10 and 20%). In addition, these formulated diets were compared with natural food(dried Undaria). Survival rate of abalone were not significantly affected by the different dietary macoralgae sources, spirulina or dried Undaria powder levels (P>0.05). Weight gain and soft body weight of abalone fed the diet containing Sargassum was significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of abalone fed the diets containing Laminaria, 20% dried Undaria powder and natural food. Survival rate, weight gain, soft body weight and shell length of abalone fed natural food were lowest (P<0.05) among all diet. Moisture, protein and lipid contents of soft body were not influenced by experimental diets except natural food. Lipid content of abalones fed natural food was significantly lower than those of abalone fed other diets (P<0.05). These data indicate that abalone can more efficiently utilize Sargassum than Ulva, Undaria, Laminaria or spirulina.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.98-107
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• 2014

New in vitro anti-diabetes makgeolli was produced from rice by adding various quantities of Laminaria japonica, and the fermentation characteristics of the L. japonica makgeolli during the fermentation process were investigated. The contents of alcohol and reducing sugar, and viable count of yeast, of L. japonica makgeolli were not significantly changed when the proportion of L. japonica was increased. The total acid content decreased with an increase in L. japonica concentration; the pH and total bacterial cell count increased in proportion with the increase in L. japonica concentration. The L. japonica makgeolli contents of free sugars, such as fructose, glucose, and sucrose, and of organic acids, such as acetic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, and lactic acid, were altered during fermentation and showed various patterns. The effects of the quantity of L. japonica added on the acceptability and anti-diabetes activities of L. japonica makgeolli were also investigated. In a sensory evaluation, L. japonica makgeolli brewed by adding 2.5 or 5% L. japonica to the mash showed the best overall acceptability; the 12.5% L. japonica sample was least favored due to its seaweed flavor. L. japonica addition did not increase the peroxynitrite-scavenging activity of makgeolli. L. japonica makgeolli showed potent anti-diabetes activity, particularly that containing >7.5% L. japonica. Therefore, L. japonica makgeolli may represent a new functional makgeolli with anti-diabetes properties.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.155-166
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• 1990

There have been many problems like plasmolysis in the ultrastructural studies with kelps. The present study was conducted with series of different fixatives and buffer solutions and several resins to solve the plasmolysis phenomena. The fixative of 1470 mosmol($3\%$ glutaraldehyde, $2.4\%$ paraformaldehyde in 0.05M cacodylate buffer with 0.2M sucrose and $0.5\%$ caffeine at pH of 7.2) showed the least frequency of plasmolysis. The relationship between the concentration of primary fixatives and the frequency of plasmolysis was not found. With above fixative the possibility of plasmolysis during infiltration period was not identified using ultra-low viscosity resin. Generally, the kelp(Laminaria religiosa) contains a lot of mucilage, which interupts the infiltration of fixative. The possible physiological mechanisms related with mucilage secretion may be unable to fix the region of plasmalemma properly.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.94-99
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• 2006

This study investigated the protective effect of the butanol (BuOH) fraction from Laminaria japonica (BFLJ) extract on high glucose-induced oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Freeze-dried L japonica was extracted with distilled water, and the extracted solution was mixed with ethanol then centrifuged. The supernatant was subjected to sequential fractionation with various solvents. The BuOH fraction was used in this study because it possessed the strongest antioxidant activity among the various solvent fractions. To determine the protective effect of the BFLJ, oxidative stress was induced by exposing of HUVECs to the high glucose (30 mM) or normal glucose (5.5 mM) for 48 hr. Cell viability, lipid peroxidation, glutathione (GSH) concentration, and antioxidant enzyme activities such as catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), and glutathion reductase (GSH-re) were measured. Exposure of HUVECs to high glucose for 48 hr resulted in a significant (p<0.05) decrease in cell viability, SOD, GSH-px and GSH-re and a significant (p<0.05) increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) formation in comparison to the cells treated with 5.5 mM glucose or untreated with glucose. BFLJ treatment decreased TBARS formation and increased cell viability, GSH concentration, and activities of antioxidant enzymes including catalase, SOD, GSH-px, and GSH-re in high glucose pretreated HUVECs. These results suggest that BFLJ may be able to protect HUVECs from high glucose-induced oxidative stress, partially through the antioxidative defence systems.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.329-333
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• 1997

Rheological properties of partially purified fucoidans of Laminaria religiosa, sporophylls of Undaria pinnatifida, Hizikia fusiforme, and Sargassum fulvellum in Korea were investigated, The fucoidans produced aqueous solutions of low apparent viscosity with pseudoplastic flow behavior. The viscosity of $5\%$ solution of the fucoidan from sporophylls of U. pinnatifida was 2.2 mPa.s. The activaton energies of L. religiosa, sporophylls of U. pinnatifida, H. fusiforme and S. fulvellum were $8.269\times10^6,\;7.498\times10^6,\;7.141\times10^6,\;and\;6.677\times10^6\;J/Kg.mol$ at 1,500 1/s of shear rate, respectively. The viscosity of the fucoidan solution was increased by the addition of sugar, but that was not changed by addition of NaCl.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.187-192
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• 2007

To prepare oligouronic acids from high-molecular-weight alginates prepared from sea tangle (Laminaria japonica), the alginates were hydrolyzed at various temperatures for 1 hr at pH 5.0. The effects of hydrolysis temperature $(H_{Temp})$ on the average molecular weight (AMW) and distribution ratio of MW (DR) in the hydrolyzed alginates were investigated. As $(H_{Temp})$ increased, the AMW of the alginates decreased exponentially; in addition the DR of the alginates with MW>500 kDa decreased exponentially, while the DR of those with MW=50-100 and MW<50 kDa increased exponentially. For the alginates with MW=300-500 and MW=100-300 kDa the DR increased exponentially until $H_{Temp}$ reached $80^{\circ}C$, and then decreased exponentially at above $80^{\circ}C$. AS $H_{Temp}$ increased, the MW cutoff size and AMW Of the alginates fraction With the highest DR both decreased. For $H_{Temp}<60^{\circ}C$, the MW cutoff size with the highest DR was MW>500 kDa; the DR was 39-67% and the AMW 1,000-1,300 kDa. For $H_{Temp}$ $80^{\circ}C$, the MW cutoff size with the highest DR was MW=300-500 kDa and the DR was about 33% and the AMW about 400 kDa. For $H_{Temp}\;100-121^{\circ}C$, the MW cutoff size with the highest DRs was MW=50-100 kDa, with a DR of 39-44% and an AMW of 70-80 kDa.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.323-331
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• 2007

Barren ground is an abnormal phenomenon in coastal ecosystems where seaweeds are destroyed and largely replaced by coralline algae containing calcium carbonate components. To restore the seaweed forest, we attempted reconstruction in an area of Samcheok, Korea, where barrenness is extensive. We developed two methods of seaforest construction underwater longline and seed transplantation for the brown seaweed Laminaria japonica, a fast-growing edible seaweed. The blade length of L. japonica attached to an underwater long line was $93.9{\pm}38.2cm$ and blade weight $7.6{\pm}2.1g$ in February 2004. Seaweed size declined after August 2004. A Similar pattern was observed using the transplantation method with maxima of $179.3{\pm}40.3cm\;and\;14.9{\pm}3.2g$ for blade length and weight, respectively in July 2004. The transplanted seaweeds matured in October as did a wild population. These results indicate that transplanted seaweed acclimate to new environments.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate alterations of seaweed composition upon Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) fermentation as well as potential anti-inflammatory effects and mechanism (s) of water extracts and fermented water extracts of Laminaria japonica (LJ) and Hizikia fusiforme (HF) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Total polyphenol, total sugar, and reducing sugar contents were measured in LJ and HF water extracts before and after fermentation by LGG. Alterations of inflammatory cytokine levels in cell culture media were measured by ELISA, and levels of phosphorylation of c-jun NH2-terminalkinase (JNK) and extra cellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) were examined by Western blot analysis. LGG fermentation of LJ and HF altered total polyphenol and sugar contents in water extracts of LJ and HF. LPS-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ was significantly reduced by HF-f compared to control in RAW264.7 cells. Consistent with reduction of anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$ levels by HF-f, HF-f also significantly reduced phosphorylation of ERK and JNK in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. In addition, LJ-f and HF also significantly reduced phosphorylation of JNK and ERK induced by LPS in RAW264.7 cells. Overall, our result suggests that HF-f among the four tested seaweed extracts is the most potent anti-inflammatory agent, and its mechanism of action is partially mediated by reduction of JNK and ERK phosphorylation as well as IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.