• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.3102-3102
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• 2001

Constituents of several .representative seaweeds, such as wakame Undaria pinnatifida; hijikia Hizikia fusifome; and kombu Laminaria japonica, were found to have fairly large reaction rates determined by quenching experiments of emission spectra in the near-infrared region (1max: 1270 nm) from singlet oxygen (102). Emission spectra of singlet oxygen generated from an aqueous solution of Rose Bengal under irradiation with a green laser (330 nm) were measured by a near-infrared (NIR) emission spectrometer constructed in our laboratory. The quenching experiments were as follows: Intensities of emission spectra were measured in the absence (I0) and in the presence of the seaweed constituents (I): Ratios of I0/I were plotted against every concentration of the quenchers (Stern-Volmer plots) which gives a straight line. The slope of each line gives a kqt value which gives a quenching constant kq value (an antioxidative constant against singlet oxygen) when the t value (half-life time of singlet oxygen in the solvent used) was given. The determined reaction rates are between 103-105 (g/l)-ls-1; the larger ones are as large as that of ascorbic acid, 8.4 ${\times}$ 104 (g/1)-ls-1. Most of these seaweed constituents also showed antioxidative activity against auto-oxidation and superoxide as well as their immunological enhancing activity. These results suggest a possibility that dietary fibers which are supposed to prevent the large-intestine cancer by their physical properties may prevent the cancer, at least in parts, by their chemical, antioxidative activity.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.521-525
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• 2001

Screening tests of different fucoidan fractions from Sporophylls of Undazia pinnatifida, Laminaria religiosa, Hizikia fusiforme and Sagassum fulvellum revealed that the highest biosorptive Pb and Cd uptake fraction was Undaria finnatifida Fr-3.0 prepared by dissolving the precipitated complex (crude fucoidan and cetylpyridinum chloride) with 3.0 M $CaCl_2$ solution, The Pb and Cd uptake by Undaria finnatifida Fr-3.0 was quantitatively evaluated using sorption isotherms and Langmuir sorption model. The Pb and Cd uptake by Undaria finnatifida Fr-3.0 increased with increasing pH values at high equilibrium residual concentration. The highest experimentally observed Pb and Cd uptake value in the sorption isotherm for pH 5.5 were 94 mg/g (at $C_f=164\;mg/L$) and 64 mg/g (at $C_f=197\;mg/L$) respectively, and $q_{max}$ of Pb and Cd calculated by Langmuir sorption model were 178 mg/g and 122 mg/g, respectively. In the low equilibrium concentration range, up to 20 mg/L, the Pb uptake remained unchanged in the presence of Cd, but decreased at higher equilibrium concentration range.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.307-314
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• 2009

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a body weight control program with supplementation of sea tangle (20 g/day) on 22 female college students. The contents of the program for 8 weeks contained diet therapy, exercise and behavioral modification through nutrition education. Body composition, dietary habit scores, serum lipid profiles, daily nutrient intakes and the quality of life were assessed at the beginning and at the end of the program. Average age of subjects and height were 20.8 years and 161.9 cm, respectively. After 8 weeks, there were significant reductions in body weight, body fat mass, percent body fat, waist-hip ratio and BMI. The dietary habit score such as a balanced diet, regularity of mealtime, overeating, eating while watching TV or using the computer and eating salty food were increased significantly. Serum lipid levels such as total cholesterol level, LDL-cholesterol level and triglyceride level were decreased but not significantly. There were decreases in intake of energy, protein and fat and increases in intakes of dietary fiber, folic acid, calcium and potassium from the beginning to the end of the program. There were significant improvements on subcomponents of quality of life; physical functioning, general-health and vitality. The limitation of this study was the fact that there was no control group, but an overall evaluation suggests the 8-week body weight control program consisting of diet therapy, exercise and behavioral modification with supplementation of sea tangle would be helpful to improve the body composition, dietary habits, daily nutrient intakes and quality of life in Korean female college students.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.69-74
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• 2004

'Mixing' and 'immersion' $CaCl_{2}$ treatment methods were tested for preparation of bio-degradable films using powders of sea mustard (Undaria pinnatifida) (leaf, stem, and sphorophyll), sweet tanlge (Laminaria japonica), and fusiforme (Hizikia fusiforme) by extracting alginate through acid-alkali extraction method. Except fusiforme powder, flexible, free-standing films were produced by both methods using all marine algae powders tested. Except water solubility (WS), surface color, tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (E), and water vapor permeability (WVP) did not show distinct difference between $CaCl_{2}$, treatment methods. Although TS, WVP, and WS of marine algae powder films were lower than those of alginate films, they indicate potential in application as a new source of bio-degradable packaging materials.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.133-140
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• 2007

In 2006, we studied herbivore consumption rate and preference for algal species using laboratory experiments. In the no-choice feeding experiment, three herbivores (two sea urchins, Stronglyocentrotus nudus and Stronglyocentrotus intermedius and an abalone, Haliotis discus hannai) showed significantly (P<0.05) distinct preferences for four algae (Laminaria japonica, Undaria pinnatifida, Costaria costata and Ecklonia stolonifera). The alga preferred by S. nudus was L. japonica followed by U. pinnatifida, C. costata and E. stolonifera with respective daily feeding rates of $5.7{\pm}:0.85\;g,\;4.4{\pm}0.89\;g,\;3.1{\pm}0.39\;g\;and\;2.1{\pm}0.32\;g(mean{\pm}SE)$. A similar trend was found for S. intermedius. Interestingly, the herbivore consumption rates for the algae differed with or without competition. The competition stimulated the feeding activity for S. nudus, but lowered the activity for S. intermedius. The multi-choice feeding experiment confirmed that L. japonica was significantly preferred by two herbivores: S. nudus and H. discus hannai (Duncan's multiple range test, ANOVA, p<0.05).

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.213-218
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• 2009

We examined the intracellular antioxidative effects of 20 Arctic seaweed extracts in Raw 264.7 cells. Each seaweed species was subjected to extraction using acetone/dichloromethane and methanol, respectively, after which the extracts were combined and used as the test sample. The antioxidant ability of all 20 seaweeds extracts was evaluated using four different activity tests, including the degree of occurrence of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), $ONOO^-$, and lipid peroxidation in Raw 264.7 cells, as well as the extent of oxidative damage of genomic DNA purified from Raw 264.7 cells. Crude extracts from Monostroma obscurum, Alaria esculnta, Laminaria digitata, Desmarestia aculeata, Chorda filum, Ptilota seriata, Phycidrys rubens, Devaleraea ramentacea and Palmaria palmata exhibited significant scavenging effects on the generation of intracellular ROS. Among them, Monostroma obscurum and Phycidrys rubens significantly inhibited membrane lipid peroxidation and DNA oxidation. Moreover, Phycidrys rubens exhibited scavenging effects on peroxynitrite generated from SIN-1.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.190-195
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• 2006

Obesity is associated with a number of pathological disorders such as non-insulin-dependent diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular diseases. Bangpoongtongsungsankamibang (BTSK) has been widely used in the oriental medicine for the treatment of several diseases associated with inflammatory abnormalities in cardiovascular and nervous system. The BTSK is the modified prescription of Bangpoongtongsungsankamibang in which sea tangle (Laminaria japonica) were added. This study was carried out to detemine the anti-obestic effects of BTSK. Pretreatment with the BTSK at daily dose of 100 or 200 mg/kg (p.o.) far 4 weeks reduced serum triglyceride, total cholesterol contents in rat induced by Poloxamer-407 or Triton WR-1339, respectively. Furthermore, post-treatment with BTSK far four weeks also inhibited body weight gain, adipose tissue mass and hyperlipidemia induced by the high fat diet for six weeks. The BTSK shifted serum total-, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol levels toward the values of normal group, suggesting that BTSK has hypolipldemlc effects. The rats fed BTSK reduced lipid peroxide and hydroxy radical in the rat blood and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity compared to the control group. Taken together, these results superoxide that BTSK improve hyperlidemia and obesity via the upregulation of anti-oxidative mechanism.

• ALGAE
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.175-187
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• 2016

This study evaluated the effects of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-enriched fermented sea tangle (GFST), as a functional food, on brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-related muscle growth and lipolysis, in a sarcopenic obesity high-risk group. Twenty-one middle-aged women (53-63 y) participated in this randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study. Participants ingested either 1,000 mg of GFST (n = 10) or a sucrose placebo (CON) (n = 11) everyday, for 8 weeks. Subjects were asked to abstain from any regular exercise. Fasting venous blood samples, body composition and muscular strength were measured before and after supplementation period. Collectively, we demonstrated that GFST significantly decreased total fat mass and triglyceride in body composition, as well as significantly increasing serum BDNF (p < 0.001), angiotensin converting enzyme (p < 0.001), human growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 levels (p < 0.05 and p < 0.05, respectively) accompanied by increased total lean mass (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the reported improvements in total work, knee extension and flexion at 60° s⁻¹ (p < 0.05), and peak torque normalized to body weight of knee flexion at 60° s⁻¹ (p < 0.05), support an ergogenic effect of GABA associated with increased growth factor levels. The use of GFST, as a functional food ingredient, to elicit anti-obesity effects and stimulate the release of muscle-related growth factors with increasing serum BDNF levels may provide a protective intervention for age-related degeneration such as sarcopenic obesity.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.142-147
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of practical diets containing different seaweed powders on the growth and body composition of juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Six experimental diets were formulated to contain 40% of the following seaweed powders: Sargassum thunbergii (ST), Undaria pinnatifida (UP), Ascophyllum nodosum (AN), Hizikia fusiformis (HF), fermented Laminaria japonica (FLJ), and fermented Hizikia fusiformis (FHF). Sea cucumbers (30 per tank; initial mean weight $0.4{\pm}0.01g$) in three replicates of six groups were fed one of the six experimental diets for 15 weeks. Survival in all groups was 83-93%, with no significant differences among the experimental groups. The specific growth rates of the sea cucumbers fed the ST and UP diets were significantly higher than those of sea cucumbers fed the HF, FLJ, and FHF diets, but did not significantly differ from those of sea cucumbers fed the AN diet. The results of this study suggest that S. thunbergii, U. pinnatifida, and A. nodosum could be useful sources of seaweed powder for practical diets of juvenile sea cucumber.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.325-330
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• 1995

Seaweed Jellys(Muks) were prepared with sea mustard and sea tangle, Optimum conditions for preparation of seaweed Muks with soy protein were investigated. Gel strength of Muks with sea mustard and soymilk decreased as the quantity of soy milk increased, and increased as the moisture content of soy milk had been decreased. Optimum mixing ratio of seaweed and soy milk was 7 : 1 and optimum temperature of gelation was $65^{\circ}C$. Gel strength of seaweed Muk mixed $5\%$(w/w) of soy protein isolate was higher$(900g/cm^2)$ than those of seaweed Muks with and without soy milk.