• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.78-81
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• 1999

Light penetration depth in high-density Chlorella cultures can be successfully estimated by Beer-Lambert's law. The efficiency of light energy absorption algal cultures was so high that algal cells near the illuminating surface shade the cells deep in the culture. To exploit the potential of high-density algal cultures, this mutual shading should be eliminated or minimized. However, providing more light energy will not ease the situation and it will simply drop the overall light utilization efficiency.

• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.18-27
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• 2023

본 논문에서는 열해석의 하중조건으로 레이저 열원을 설정하여 반사경의 구조-열-광학 성능 분석을 수행하였다. 레이저 열원 모델은 가우시안 빔을 바탕으로 반투명한 소재를 고려한 Beer-Lambert 법칙을 적용하여 하중조건으로 선정하였으며, 반사경만의 성능 분석을 위하여 기구부는 고려하지 않았다. 열변형해석을 수행하여 반사경 표면의 온도 변화로 인한 열응력과 열변형 데이터를 얻었다. 열변형에 의한 반사경 표면의 변위 데이터를 Zernike 다항식에 피팅하여 파면오차를 계산하였으며, 이를 통해 고에너지 레이저가 반사경으로 입사될 때 반사경의 광학 성능을 예측할 수 있었다.

• 폴리머
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.603-608
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• 2003

신디오탁틱 폴리스티렌 (5-PS)는 시료의 처리 조건에 따라 여러 구조를 가지며 열처리에 따른 고체상의 구조 전이현상을 보여준다 서로 다른 s-PS 사슬 및 결정 구조를 가지는 시료들을 상온에서 220 $^{\circ}C$까지 온도를 올려가며 열처리하여 준비한 후 FTIR과 FT-Raman 분광계를 이용하여 구조의 변화를 조사하였다. 빠른 결정화 속도 때문에 DSC 실험으로 측정하기 힘든 x-PS 시료의 열처리 시간에 따른 결정화도 변화를 결정 부분과 비결정 부분 infrared특성피크 세기에 따라 측정한 후 Beer-Lambert 법칙에 적용하여 조사할 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.836-845
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• 2017

Gravimetric method is usually used to evaluate air-dry density, which is governing physical or mechanical properties of wood. Although it had high evaluation accuracy, the method is time consuming process. Thus, this study was conducted to estimate air-dry density of wood with high accuracy by using polychromatic X-ray and digital detector as alternative of gravimetric method. To quantify polychromatic X-ray projection for evaluating air-dry density, Lambert-Beer's law with the integral value of probability function was used. The integral value was used as weighting factor in the law, and it was determined by conducting simple test at various penetration depths and tube voltage. Mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) of wood also calculated by investigating polychromatic X-ray projection according to species, penetration depth and tube voltage. The species had not an effect on change of MAC. Finally, an air-dry density of wood was estimated by applying the integral value, MAC and Lambert-Beer's law to polychromatic X-ray projection. As an example, the relation of the integral value (${\alpha}$) according to penetration depth (t, cm) at tube voltage of 35 kV was ${\alpha}=-0.00091t{\times}0.0184$ while the regression of the MAC (${\mu}$, $cm^2/g$) was ${\mu}=0.5414{\exp}(-0.0734t)$. When calculation of root mean squared error (RMSE) was performed to check the estimation accuracy, RMSE at 35, 45 and 55 kV was 0.010, 0.013 and $0.009g/cm^3$, respectively. However, partial RMSE in relation to air-dry density was varied according to tube voltage. The partial RMSE below air-dry density of $0.41g/cm^3$ was $0.008g/cm^3$ when tube voltage of 35 kV was used. Meanwhile, the partial RMSE above air-dry density of $0.41g/cm^3$ decreased as tube voltage increased. It was conclude that the accuracy of estimation with polychromatic X-ray and digital detector was quite high if the integral value and MAC of wood were determined precisely or a condition of examination was chosen properly. It was seemed that the estimation of air-dry density by using polychromatic X-ray system can supplant the gravimetric method.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.36-44
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• 2009

광학 선형 패터네이터 및 광학 토모그래피 기법을 사용하여 높은 주위 기체 압력 조건에서 분무단면을 측정하였다. 레이저 직선광이 분무 영역을 지나도록 하여 발생하는 Mie 산란 신호 및 직선광의 투과율을 측정하였으며, 이로부터 Beer-Lambert 법칙 및 수학적 단면 재구성 기법을 이용하여 분무 단면의 감쇠 계수 분포를 재구성하였다. 높은 주위 기체 압력 조건에서 광학적으로 밀한 분무가 발생하며, 그 결과 산란 신호의 감쇠 효과가 크게 증가한다. 따라서 미 산란 신호를 이용하는 광학 선형 패터네이터의 경우 감쇠 효과를 완화하는 데 한계를 보인다. 광학 토모그래피의 경우 분무를 통과하는 레이저광의 투과율 정보만을 이용하여 성공적으로 분무 단면을 재구성하였다.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.77-81
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• 1981

A flew spectroscopic method was developed to determine microquantities of nicotine with cyanogen chloride and pyrazolon. Absorption maximum of tile derivative solution appeared at 520nm. The color formed in the proposed method was stable for at least 30 min. at pH 7.5, and followed the Lambert-Beer's law between tile limits of 1 and 5 micrograms of nicotine. The relative errors in burley and flue-cured tobacco leaves were $\pm5%$ in comparison with the Griffith method.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2003년도 추계종합학술대회
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• pp.860-863
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• 2003

산소포화도 측정은 Beer-Lambert's law를 기초로하여 측정 부위(손가락, 귀 등)에 LED를 발광한 후 투과된 적생광과 적외선광 신호가 통과하고 photodetector에서 감지한 후 나타난 두 광의 비율로 계산한다. Pulse oximetry는 이러한 산소포화도를 측정하는 기기인데, 근데 아주 민감하기 때문에 압력이 적절한 조직 혈류로 공급하기 어려울 정도로 아주 낮을 때 펄스를 검출한다. 다시말해서, SpO2는 혈관 수축이나 저혈압에서의 흐르지 않는 동맥혈의 펄싱의 손가락에 의한 O2소모 때문에 감소할 수도 있다. 이러한 점에서 측정 결과시의 한계가 있다. 따라서 본 논문은 SpO2를 측정할 때 어떠한 움직에 의해 나타나는 motion artifact를 최소화하는 알고리즘을 고찰하였다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.47-52
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• 1971

Application of the spectrophotometer to the analysis of 17 ${\alpha}-ethinyl$ estradiol and $17{\alpha}-ethinyl-19-nortestosterone$ acetate mixture in oral contraceptive has been accomplished. It is used Beckman Du Spectrophotometer as a apparatus. The petroleum ether extract of ethinyl estradiol is determined at $535\;m{\mu}$ and the chloroform extract of norethindrone acetate is determined at $380\;m{\mu}$ respectively. This analytical method is formed Lambert Beer's law. This method can be used to the analysis of ethinyl estradiol aid norethindrone acetate mixture in commercial dosage form of routine assay.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.276-290
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• 2024

A study of the transition from transitory state to steady state in DSSCs based on natural dyes is presented; cochineal was used as dye and Li⁺, Na⁺, and K⁺ were the ions added to the electrolyte. The photocurrent profiles were obtained as a function of time. Several DSSCs were prepared with different cations and their role and the transitory-to-steady transition was determined. A novel hybrid charge carrier source model based on the Heaviside function H(t) and the Lambert-Beer law, was developed and applied to analysis of the transient response of the output photocurrent. Additionally, the maximum effective light absorption coefficient α and the electronic extraction rate κ for each ion were determined: ${\alpha}_{Li^+,Na^+,K^+}\,=\,(0.486,\,0.00085,\,0.1126)\,cm^{-1}$, and also the electronic extraction rate ${\kappa}^{Li^+,Na^+,K^+}_{ext.}\,=\,(1410,\,19.07,\,19.69)\,cm\,s^{-1}$. The impedance model using Fick's second law was developed for carrier recombination to characterize the photocurrent.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2015년도 제49회 하계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.155.1-155.1
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• 2015

Nowadays, Plasma has been used in biological, medical such as wound healing, plant grow, killing cancer. When plasma generated, UV light and ROS(Reactive oxygen species), RNS(Reactive nitrogen species) can generated and those things effect to biological material. So we made simple plasma device using needle type of electrode and generated plasma. We used three kinds of gas and measured applied voltage and current. Also we observed optical emission spectrum. Using deuterium ramp, we can observed absorption spectrum and calculated radical density by lambert-beer's law. It is around ~1016cm3. And we can see the time-resolved absorption spectrum from monochromator, PMT(photo multiply tube), IV-converter, oscilloscope.