• 제목/요약/키워드: Lake Biwa

검색결과 22건 처리시간 0.024초

Horizontal Distribution and Seasonal Change of Picophytoplankton in SurFace Water of Lake Biwa

  • Goto, Naoshige;Mitamura, Osamu;Masaki, Kihira
    • 생태와환경
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    • 제38권spc호
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    • pp.12-16
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    • 2005
  • Seasonal change in cell number and biomass expressed as chlorophyll a of picophytoplankton community in surface waters was investigated in the north basin of Lake Biwa from September 2001 to November 2002. Two main peaks, in May and summer (from July to October), were observed by change of the cell density of picophytoplankton. It is considered that peak in May was due to water temperature rise and summer peak was attributed to mass-specific nutrient uptake by picophytoplankton. Horizontal distribution in cell number and biomass of picophytoplankton community in surface water of Lake Biwa was investigated at 56 stations on June 6 ${\sim}$ 7 2002. DIN and DIP concentrations were lower in the north basin than in the south basin. The cell density and chlorophyll a of picophytoplankton were distributed almost uniformly in all area. The contribution of picophytoplankton to total phytoplankton chlorophyll a was higher in the north basin than in the south basin. These results suggest that picophytoplankton is important as a primary producer in low nutrient periods and areas of Lake Biwa.

전통 고도(古都) 교토(京都)의 문화기술 융합 콘텐츠 연구 - 비와코(琵琶湖) 운하를 중심으로 - (A study on the Convergence of Culture and Technology Contents of Traditional Old Capital, Kyoto - Focused on the Lake Biwa Canal -)

  • 박은수;김지은
    • 한국과학예술포럼
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    • 제16권
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    • pp.157-169
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    • 2014
  • 비와코 운하는 당시 물 공급 이상의 교토시민들의 열정과 혁신을 떠올릴 수 있는 과학기술이 결집된 꿈의 사업이었다. 대규모 토목공사를 통해 주운(舟運)을 개시함과 동시에 일본 최초의 수력발전소로 전력을 공급하고, 독특한 방식의 수로운송을 채택하여 지형적 한계를 극복한 공학적인 지식과 과학기술이 집결된 근대화 프로젝트이다. 1200년 고도 교토의 전통공간으로써 유무형 문화유산 가치를 지닌 비와코 운하는 과학기술적인 요소뿐만 아니라 다양한 상호관계를 통해 얽혀있는 문화적 의미를 내포하고 있다. 비와코 운하는 교토지역의 정원, 사찰에 물을 공급하기 위한 기능뿐만 아니라 지리적·환경적 배경, 시대상, 지역 발전 정책, 정치 상황, 종교 등 다양한 콘텐츠가 복합적으로 인과관계를 나타내며 이루어진 문화적 산물이다. 본 연구는 교토의 근대화를 추진하는 과정에서 이루어진 비와코 운하 건설을 중심으로, 그 시대가 추구하고자 한 세계관을 통해서 문화적 측면과 기술적 측면을 융합하여 비와코 운하의 가치를 다각적으로 해석해보고자 한다.

비와호 유역하수도 사례분석을 통한 일본 유역하수도계획의 소개 (Introduction of the Basin Sewerage Plan in Japan through Case Studies of the Lake Biwa Sewerage System)

  • 한미덕;박배경;박지형;김용석;류덕희
    • 대한환경공학회지
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    • 제37권9호
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    • pp.533-541
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    • 2015
  • 일본의 "유역별 하수도정비종합계획"(이하 '유총계획') 및 비와호 유역하수도를 소개하고 이를 바탕으로 국내에서 2013년도부터 수립 시행되고 있는 "유역하수도정비계획"의 발전방향 등을 제시하였다. 일본의 유총계획은 환경기본법에서 정하는 수질환경기준을 준수하기 위한 계획으로 비와호의 경우는 지자체의 조례에 의한 가중 배수기준보다 더 엄격한 기준을 적용하여 수립 시행하고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 특히 비와호의 경우는 응집제첨가다단소화탈질법 등의 고도처리공법을 건설초기단계부터 적용하여 방류수의 수질항목별 농도가 BOD 0.9 mg/L, SS 0.6 mg/L, T-N 5.5 mg/L, T-P 0.06 mg/L였으며 BOD의 처리효율은 99.5%로 매우 높았다. 도입초기단계인 국내 유역하수도계획의 발전을 위해서는 평가항목의 다양화, 비용최소화, 건설 및 유지 보조금제도 개선, 경제적 개념의 배출부하량조정시스템의 도입, 유역하수도 개념 적립 등의 적용 방법 등을 장기적인 관점에서 연구할 필요가 있다.

Luxurious Phosphorus and Phosphorus Limitation for Epiphytic and Planktonic Algal Growth in Reed Zones of Lake Biwa

  • Osamu, Mitamura;Choi, Jun-Kil
    • 생태와환경
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    • 제41권4호
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    • pp.554-562
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    • 2008
  • To evaluate the limitation for epiphytic and planktonic algal growth, acid extractable inorganic phosphorus (AP), implying the luxury uptake phosphorus, was measured in five reed zones of Lake Biwa. The AP in epiphytic substances was 0.7 to 1.4 mg P surface stem $m^{-2}$ in summer and 1.2 to 2.8 mg P $m^{-2}$ in winter. On the other hand, the amount in planktonic substances was 1.4 to 5.7 mg P m -3 and 0.8 to 5.4 mg P $m^{-3}$ in both seasons. Contribution of AP in the epiphytic and planktonic phosphorus was 23 to 31% and 8 to 27% in summer, and 17 to 22% and 9 to 17% in winter. It suggests that in summer both epiphytic and planktonic algae had been luxuriously taken up phosphate into cells. The weight ratios of C : N : P were averaged 79 : 20 : 1 for the epiphytic substances and 81 : 12 : 1 for the particulate substances. On the other hand, the ratios without the luxurious phosphorus were 93 : 24 : 1 and 103 : 15 : 1, showing much higher values than the Redfield ratio. High ratio in the epiphytic substances indicates that the phosphorus is the limiting parameter, rather than nitrogen, regulating the growth of epiphytic algal populations.

Biwa호 연안대에서 사상성 녹조류 군집의 발달 (Development of a Filamentous Green Algal Community in the Littoral Zone of Lake Biwa: a Mini-review)

  • Kentaro, Nozaki
    • 생태와환경
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    • 제37권4호통권109호
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    • pp.368-372
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    • 2004
  • 1980년대 이래로 Biwa호 북측 지역 연안대에서 초여름 동안 Spjrozyra에 의해 조성된 저서 사상성 부착녹조류 군집의 발달이 관찰되어 왔다. 이들의 발달은 초여름 저서 조류 군집의 생물량 증가와 생물량의 계적적 변동 양상에 영향을 미친 것으로 판단된다. 본 논문에서는 Spjrozyra 군집 발달의 원인을 1963-64년, 1995-96년, 2001-02년 동안 수행된 연구 결과(특히,영양염,$NO_3^--N$)에기초하여 고찰하였다. 6월 동안의 $NO_3^--N$의 농도는 1964년 6월에 $20{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$에 비교할 때 1995년과 2002년은 $100{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ 이상이었다. 이 결과는 $NO_3^--N$가 1963년도에 Spjrogyra 성장에 대해 제한요인으로 작용하였음을 시사한다. Biwa호 북측 지역 개방수역에서 $NO_3^--N$의 농도는 1950년대이후 유역에서의 인구증가와 경제성장의 영향으로 뚜렷하게 증가하였다. 따라서 Biwa호에서 Spjrogyra 군집의 발달은 인간활동에 의한 영양염 공급의 증가의 결과로 추정된다.

Distribution of Fluorescent Whitening Agents as an Indicator of Domestic Wastewater

  • Okumura, Ryouji;Yamamoto, Hiroki;Fujiwara, Manabu;Hayakawa, Kazuhide
    • 생태와환경
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    • 제38권spc호
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    • pp.62-66
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    • 2005
  • The distributions of fluorescent whitening agents (FWA) in the water of the Yasu River and their tributaries flowing into Lake Biwa (Japan) were surveyed on winter and summer. The FWA fluxes had linear correlation with the corrected resident population in catchments of the tributaries of Yasu River. Therefore, the FWAs in the rivers come from domestic wastewater, and those fluxes in the tributaries depended on the human population of their catchments. As an application of the FWA indicating domestic wastewater, we could assess seasonal changes in the sources of dissolved organic matter in the tributaries.

Elution Behavior of Nutrient Salts from Sediment and its Impact on Water Bodies

  • Wada, Keiko;Haruki, Fumio;Ishita, Kyoji;Okada, Yuki
    • Environmental Engineering Research
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    • 제15권1호
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    • pp.41-48
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    • 2010
  • This paper describes the influence of nutrient salts eluted from the bottom of a closed water area where polluted sediment has been deposited by inflowing river water. The elution pattern was monitored at our experimental facility. Both the sediment pore water and water above the bottom were sampled using a dialyzer sampler (peeper). The pore water of the eutrophicated sediment contained a large amount of nutrient salts, and the effect of elution was confined to a limited area of the bottom surface. The nutrient concentration of the sediment pore water was closely related to both the water temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration. The eluted nutrients from the sediment provided a source for phytoplankton and algae growth. This experimental data indicated that the water quality of the surface was not directly connected to the eluted nutrient salts, while it was indirectly affected by the total ecosystem, including all the organisms within an area and their environment.

In Situ Measurement of Diel Periodicity in Urea Decomposition in a Reed Zone of Lake Biwa, Japan

  • Tachibana, Junji;Kondo, Kunio;Seike, Yasushi;Osamu, Mitamura
    • 생태와환경
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    • 제38권spc호
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    • pp.31-38
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    • 2005
  • Diel change in urea decomposition activity of epiphytic algae on Phragmites stems and phytoplankton in a shallow littoral reed zone in the south basin of Lake Biwa was investigated with an in situ technique using $^{14}C$-labelled urea. The daily rates of urea decomposition (sum of urea carbon incorporation rate and $CO_2$ liberation rate) by epiphytic and planktonic algae were calculated as 180 ${\mu}$ mole urea surface shoot area $m^{-2}\;day^{-1}$ and 210 ${\mu}$ mole urea $m^{-3}\;day^{-1}$. The chlorophyll a specific urea decomposition rates of epiphytic and planktonic algae were 4.7 to 6.4 and 4.4 to 6.2 ${\mu}$ mole urea mg chl. $a^{-1}$ incubation $time^{-1}$ in daytime and 4.2 to 5.7 and 2.4 to 3.5 ${\mu}$ mole urea mg chl. $a^{-1}\;time^{-1}$ in nighttime, respectively. High values were obtained during 12:00 ${\sim}$ 18:00 and low values during 00:00 ${\sim}$ 06:00 for both epiphytic and planktonic algal communities. A clear diel periodicity in the urea decomposing activity of the planktonic algae was observed. The activity of the epiphytic algae, on the other hand, showed no destinctive variation during a day. The present results indicate that epiphytic algae are one of the significant urea decomposers in a reed zone, and that the diel patterns are quite difference between both algal communities.