• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.233-234
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• 2003

Fly ash enters axial compressor when a turbomachinery is operated in an adverse environment. We have numerically investigated erosion of the blade and shroud in the turbulent compressor passage flow under the influence of gas-particle two-phase interaction. There have appeared quasi-three dimensional calculations on this subject but not the complete three-dimensional gas-particle interaction as done in the present work. Lagrangian particle tracing technique is used on the base of parallel processing for efficient calculation. Accuracy of the present code is tested using the benchmark lPL nozzle. In the DFVLR compressor blades, we have shown that a large number of particles passing through the tip clearance make impact on the blade tip and on the shroud. Higher degree of erosion is resulted by the heavier particles due to the centrifugal force.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.203-204
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• 2003

Fly ash enters axial compressor when a turbomachinery is operated in an adverse environment. We have numerically investigated erosion of the blade and shroud in the turbulent compressor passage flow under the influence of gas-particle two-phase interaction. There have appeared quasi-three dimensional calculations on this subject but not the complete three-dimensional gas-particle interaction as done in the present work. Lagrangian particle tracing technique is used on the base of parallel processing for efficient calculation. Accuracy of the present code is tested using the benchmark JPL nozzle. In the DFVLR compressor blades, we have shown that a large number of particles passing through the tip clearance make impact on the blade tip and on the shroud. Higher degree of erosion is resulted by the heavier particles due to the centrifugal force.

• ALGAE
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.315-326
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• 2019

Northeastward drifts of massive Sargassum patches were observed in the East China Sea (ECS) and Yellow Sea (YS) by the Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) in May 2017. Coverage of the brown macroalgae patches was the largest ever recorded in the ECS and YS. Three-dimensional circulation modeling and Lagrangian particle tracking simulations were conducted to reproduce drifting trajectories of the macroalgae patches. The trajectories of the macroalgae patches were controlled by winds as well as surface currents. A windage (leeway) factor of 1% was chosen based on sensitivity simulations. Southerly winds in May 2017 contributed to farther northward intrusion of the brown macroalgae into the YS. Although satellite observation and numerical modeling have their own limitations and associated uncertainties, the two methods can be combined to find the best estimate of Sargassum patch trajectories. When satellites were unable to capture all patches because of clouds and sea fog in the ECS and YS, the Lagrangian particle tracking model helped to track and restore the missing patches in satellite images. This study suggests that satellite monitoring and numerical modeling are complementary to ensure accurate tracking of macroalgae patches in the ECS and YS.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.36-41
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• 1999

Shock wave propagating in the particle suspension has important applications. Examples are shock waves occurring in the solid rocket plume and detonation of dusty particles by shock waves. Experimental and numerical investigations on this subject have drawn much attention. More recently, Sivier et al. numerically simulated the experiment of Sommerfeld using the unstructured adaptive grid. They used the Eulerian-Eulerian approach based on the continuum assumption for both gas and particles. In the present paper, a new numerical method using the Lagrangian particle tracing technique and unstructured particle-adaptive grid for the polydisperse system is presented. It is explained why the existing numerical calculation has showed discrepancy with the experimental results by Sommerfeld.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.388-396
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• 2017

A Lagrangian approach based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to simulate large and/or sharp deformations and fragmentations of interfaces, including free surfaces, through tracing each particle with physical quantities. According to the concept of the particle-based CFD method, it is possible to apply it to both fluid particles and solid particles such as sand, gravel, and rock. However, the presence of more than two different phases in the same domain can make it complicated to calculate the interaction between different phases. In order to solve multiphase problems, particle interaction models for multiphase problems, including surface tension, buoyancy-correction, and interface boundary condition models, were newly adopted into the moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method. The newly developed MPS method was used to simulate a typical validation problem involving dam breaking. Because the soil and other particles, excluding the water, may have different viscosities, various viscosity coefficients were applied in the simulations for validation. The newly developed and validated MPS method was used to simulate the mobile beds induced by broken dam flows. The effects of the viscosity on soil particles were also investigated.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.211-218
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• 2010

An analysis model on debris transport in the containment floor of pressurized water reactors is developed in which the flow field is calculated by Eulerian conservation equations of mass and momentum and the debris particles are traced by Lagrange equations of motion using the pre-determined flow field data. For the flow field calculation, two-dimensional Shallow Water Equations derived from Navier Stokes equations are solved using the Finite Volume Method, and the Harten-Lax-van Leer scheme is used for accuracy to capture the dry-to-wet interface. For the debris tracing, a simplified two-dimensional Lagrangian particle tracking model including drag force is developed. Advanced schemes to find the positions of particles over the containment floor and to determine the position of particles reflected from the solid wall are implemented. The present model is applied to calculate the transport fraction to the Hold-up Volume Tank in Advanced Power Reactors 1400. By the present model, the debris transport fraction is predicted, and the effect of particle density and particle size on transport is investigated.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.7-18
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• 2008

To realistically produce fluids such as smoke for the visual effects in the films or animations, we need two main processes: a physics-based modeling of smoke and a rendering of smoke simulation data, based on light transport theory. In the computer graphics community, the physics-based fluids simulation is generally adopted for smoke modeling. Recently, the interest of the particle-based Lagrangian simulation methods is increasing due to the advantages at simulation time, instead of the grid-based Eulerian simulation methods which was widely used. As a result, because the smoke rendering technique depends heavily on the modeling method, the research for rendering of the particle-based smoke data still remains challenging while the research for rendering of the grid-based smoke data is actively in progress. This paper focuses on realistic rendering technique for the smoke particles produced by Lagrangian simulation method. This paper introduces a technique which is called particle map, that is the expansion and modification of photon mapping technique for the particle data. And then, this paper suggests the novel particle map technique and shows the differences and improvements, compared to previous work. In addition, this paper presents irradiance map technique which is the pre-calculation of the multiple scattering term in the volume rendering equation to enhance efficiency at rendering time.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.328-333
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• 2014

A hybrid particle-mesh method based on the vorticity-velocity formulation for solving the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations is a combination of the Vortex-In-Cell(VIC) method for convection and the penalization method for diffusion. The key feature of the numerical methods is to determine velocity and vorticity fields around a solid body on a temporary grid, and then the time evolution of the flow is computed by tracing the convection of each vortex element using the Lagrangian approach. Assuming that the vorticity and velocity fields are to be computed in time domain analysis, pressure fields are estimated through a complete set of solutions at present time step. It is possible to obtain vorticity and velocity fields prior to any pressure calculation since the pressure term is eliminated in the vorticity-velocity formulation. Therefore, pressure field is explicitly treated by solving a suitable Poisson equation. In this paper, we propose a simple way to numerically implement the vorticity-velocity-pressure formulation including a penalty term. For validation of the proposed numerical scheme, we illustrate the early development of viscous flows around an impulsive started circular cylinder for Reynolds number of 9500.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.16A no.6
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• pp.419-426
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• 2009

To realistically simulate fluid, the Navier-Stokes equations are generally used. Solving these Navier-Stokes equations on the Eulerian framework, the non-linear advection terms invoke heavy computation and thus Semi-Lagrangian methods are used as an approximated way of solving them. In the Semi-Lagrangian methods, the locations of advection sources are traced and the physical values at the traced locations are interpolated. In the case of Stam's method, there are relatively many chances of numerical losses, and thus there have been efforts to correct these numerical errors. In most cases, they have focused on the numerical interpolation processes, even simultaneously using particle-based methods. In this paper, we propose a new approach to reduce the numerical losses, through improving the tracing method during the advection calculations, without any modifications on the Eulerian framework itself. In our method, we trace the grids with the velocities which will let themselves to be moved to the current target position, differently from the previous approaches, where velocities of the current target positions are used. From the intuitive point of view, we adopted the simple physical observation: the physical quantities at a specific position will be moved to the new location due to the current velocity. Our method shows reasonable reduction on the numerical losses during the smoke simulations, finally to achieve real-time processing even with enhanced realities.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.697-707
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• 2018

A fast running model comprising the climate change effects is proposed for urban heat environment simulations so as to be used in urban heat island studies and/or the urban planning practices. By combining Hot City Model, a high resolution urban temperature prediction model utilizing the Lagrangian particle tracing technique, and the numerical weather simulation data which are constructed up to year of 2100 under the climate change scenarios, an efficient model is constructed for simulating the future urban heat environments. It is applicable to whole city as well as to a small block area of an urban region, with the computation time being relatively short, requiring the practically manageable amount of the computational resources. The heat environments of the entire metropolitan Seoul area in South Korea are investigated with the aid of the model for the present time and for the future. The results showed that the urban temperature gradually increase up to a significant level in the future. The possible effects of green roofs on the buildings are also studied, and we observe that green roofs don't lower the urban temperature efficiently while making the temperature fields become more homogeneous.