• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.548-553
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• 2004

Patties were prepared using Barbari male goats meat (age about 4 yrs) and packed in HDPE under vacuum (VP) and aerobically (AP). Packed patties were stored at 4$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$ and evaluated for physico-chemical, microbiological and sensory changes on days 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25. Overall mean water activity ($a_{w}$), moisture (%), fat (%), pH, TBA number and W-B shear force values (kg/$cm^{2}$) of patties were 0.983, 61.93, 18.39, 6.38, 0.150 and 0.86, respectively. Except pH that was significantly higher and TBA number significantly lower in VP patties, treatment had no significant (p>0.05) effect on other physico-chemical traits. However, storage period significantly (p<0.05) affected physico-chemical traits. Moisture (63.79%) and $a_{w}$ (0.985) were significantly (p<0.05) higher on day 25. Patties became firmer on day 20 onwards as indicated by higher W-B shear force. Though packaging method had no significant effect, storage period influenced microbial counts. The standard plate counts (SPC), which were initially log 5.98 CFU/g decreased significantly (p<0.05) on day 10 followed by steady increase and reaching log 4.89 on day 25. Almost similar trend was observed for psychrotrophic bacteria counts. Lactic acid bacteria counts declined as the storage period progressed. Coliforms, and yeast and mould counts were either not detected by the method used or were very low in numbers. All samples of AP patties revealed swollen, greasy and sticky surface with spongy texture on day 20 whereas only some of the VP patties shown such changes on day 20. Results indicated that vacuum packaging had definite advantage in preserving the sensory quality of patties than aerobic packaging but it did not help in extending the shelf-life beyond 15 days.

• 생약학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.273-279
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• 2016

This study evaluates the tyrosinase, elastase inhibitory and antioxidant activities of isolated Lactobacillus rhamnosus fermented extracts of Phragmites communis Trinius. After culture for 4 days at $30^{\circ}C$ using 1% P. communis extract, the cell mass of L. rhamnosus reached $1.4{\times}10^{10}CFU/mL$. The number of cells on P. communis extract and MRS medium was similar. This results indicated that P. communis extract can be used as an economical medium for industrial lactic acid bacteria production. The fermented P. communis extract exhibited 4 fold higher tyrosinase inhibitory effect than non fermented P. communis extract. The non fermented P. communis extract has no inhibitory effect on elastase. However the fermented P. communis extract show high inhibitory effect on elastase ($IC_{50}$; $249{\mu}g/mL$). These results indicated that the fermented P. communis extract can potentially be used for developing new cosmetic or health food ingredients.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.1252-1258
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• 2018

Objective: This study was carried out to determine the effects of cumin essential oil on the silage fermentation, aerobic stability and in vitro digestibility of alfalfa silages. Methods: Alfalfa was harvested at early bloom (5th cutting) stage in October and wilted for about 3 hours. The research was carried out at three groups which were the control group where no additive control was done (CON), cumin essential oil (CMN3) with 300 mg/kg and CMN5 with 500 mg/kg cumin essential oil addition. Alfalfa was ensiled in plastic bags. The packages were stored at $8^{\circ}C{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ under laboratory conditions. All groups were sampled for physical, chemical and microbiological analysis 120th day after ensiling. At the end of the ensiling period, all silages were subjected to an aerobic stability test for 7 days. In addition, enzimatic solubility of organic matter (ESOM), metabolizable energy (ME), and relative feed value (RFV) of these silages were determined. Results: pH level decreased in the cumin groups compared to CON (p<0.05), thus inhibiting proteolytic enzymes from breaking down proteins into ammonia. In addition, it increased ESOM amount, and concordantly provided an increase of ME contents. Similarly, dry matter intake and RFV ratio increased. After opening the silage, it kept its aerobic stability for three days. Conclusion: Cumin essential oil improved fermentation, and affected chemical and microbiological characteristics of silages. Especially the addition of 300 mg/kg cumin provided cell wall fractionation through stimulating the activities of enzymes responsible. It also increased the number and activity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) through providing a development of LAB.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.18-24
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 우수한 아토피 완화능을 가진 유산균을 선별하기 위해 한국인 유아 분변으로부터 23종의 유산균을 분리하였다. 후보 균주들을 배양하여 열처리 된 세포와 상등액 농축물을 각각 얻었다. 우수 균주 선별은 마우스 비장세포를 이용하여 IL-4의 억제 및 IFN-${\gamma}$의 증가 정도를 확인하는 실험을 통해 진행되었다. 선별 실험 결과로 Lactobacillus rhamnosus IDCC 3201 (RH3201)을 OVA로 면역 반응을 유발시킨 BALB/c 마우스에 투여할 유산균으로 선정하였다. RH3201의 균체와 대사물을 경구 투여한 군에서는 유발군에 비해 혈중 IgE의 과다 생성이 억제된 것을 확인하였다. 그러한 알레르기 억제능은 type-1 T helper (Th1) 세포와 type-2 T helper (Th2) 세포의 싸이토카인 간의 균형을 향상시킴으로써 유도되었다. 따라서 RH3201의 균체와 배양물은 면역 조절을 통해 아토피 증상을 완화시킬 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.162-170
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• 2016

The effects of dietary ${\beta}$-glucan, obtained from bacterial fermentation, on the intestinal mass, short chain fatty acids, lactate production and pH in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were evaluated. SD rats fed with 0% (control group), 1% or 5% ${\beta}$-glucan supplemented diets (w/w) for 3 weeks. The presence of ${\beta}$-glucan in the diets resulted in a significant increase in colonic contents in a dose dependent manner. The amount of short chain fatty acids increased in rats fed ${\beta}$-glucan diets. Rats fed the 5% ${\beta}$-glucan diets had higher levels of acetate, propionate and butyrate by 1.8, 1.7 and 3.0 fold of the control group in the cecum, and 2.2, 2.9 and 3.1 fold of the control group in the colon, respectively. The ${\beta}$-glucan diets also significantly increased the levels of cecal and colonic lactate by 1.4~3.4 fold, when compared to the control diet, indicating that dietary ${\beta}$-glucan stimulated the growth of lactic acid bacteria within the intestine. These results suggest that dietary ${\beta}$-glucan, by providing short chain fatty acids and reducing the cecal and colonic pH, may be beneficial in improving gut health, and provide evidence for the use of ${\beta}$-glucan as a dietary supplement for human consumption.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.412-418
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• 2018

Background: Ginsenoside Rg3(S) and compound K (C-K) are pharmacologically active components of ginseng that promote human health and improve quality of life. The aim of this study was to produce Rg3(S) and C-K from ginseng extract using recombinant Lactococcus lactis. Methods: L. lactis subsp. cremoris NZ9000 (L. lactis NZ9000), which harbors ${\beta}$-glucosidase genes (BglPm and BglBX10) from Paenibacillus mucilaginosus and Flavobacterium johnsoniae, respectively, was reacted with ginseng extract (protopanaxadiol-type ginsenoside mixture). Results: Crude enzyme activity of BglBX10 values comprised 0.001 unit/mL and 0.003 unit/mL in uninduced and induced preparations, respectively. When whole cells of L. lactis harboring pNZBglBX10 were treated with ginseng extract, after permeabilization of cells by xylene, Rb1 and Rd were converted into Rg3(S) with a conversion yield of 61%. C-K was also produced by sequential reactions of the permeabilized cells harboring each pNZBgl and pNZBglBX10, resulting in a 70% maximum conversion yield. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the lactic acid bacteria having specific ${\beta}$-glucosidase activity can be used to enhance the health benefits of Panax ginseng in either fermented foods or bioconversion processes.

• 약학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.465-470
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• 2005

Octacosanol is known to enhance endurance activities, control cholesterol in body and improve the function of cardiopulmonary. Citrulline, which is main compound of watermelon, is known to improve angiectasia through stimulating production of nitric oxide. To improve endurance activity swimming test on rats was carried out using four samples such as 1$\%$ octacosanol, citrulline, the extracts of barks of watermelon and products, mixture of 1$\%$ octacosanol and the extracts of barks of watermelon (6 : 4). Biochemical assays on the liver and serum of tested rats were also performed using commercial analysis kits. In result, it was shown that swimming time of III group increased by 26$\%$ and that of V group was increased by 22$\%$ at the swimming test. As a result of biological assays on the liver and serum of tested rats it was possible to confirm stability of toxicity When compared with creatine kinase of control group (549.11$\pm$39.15 U/l) citrulline (644.11 $\pm$50.67 U/l) and products group (646.00$\pm$46.99 U/l) were largely increased. When compared with inorganic phosphate of control group (12.01$\pm$0.75 mg/이), citrulline (13.03$\pm$0.94 mg/dl) and products group (12.90$\pm$0.55 mg/dl) showed similar results. Also, when compared with lactic acid and glucose of control group (152.91 $\pm$ 13.45, 103.00$\pm$ 8.69 mg/dl), citrulline (125.53$\pm$15.54, 83.75$\pm$7.29 mg/dl) and products group (135.26$\pm$11.50, 78.57$\pm$9.79 mg/dl) were largely decreased. As these test results, it was determined that 1$\%$ octacosanol and extracts of barks of watermelon had some effect of improving endurance activity. Futhermore, it was thought that it could be used as source of functional food.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.822-829
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• 2007

A gene coding for phosphoketolase, a key enzyme of carbohydrate catabolism in heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria(LAB), was cloned from a Lactobacillus paraplantarum C7 and expressed in Escherichia coli. The gene is 2,502 bp long and codes for a 788-amino-acids polypeptide with a molecular mass of 88.7 kDa. A Shine-Dalgarno sequence(aaggag) and an inverted-repeat terminator sequence are located upstream and downstream of the phosphoketolase gene, respectively. The gene exhibits an identity of >52% with phosphoketolases of other LAB. The phosphoketolase of Lb. paraplantarum C7(LBPK) contains several highly conserved phosphoketolase signature regions and typical thiamine pyrophosphate(TPP) binding sites, as reported for other TPP-dependent enzymes. The phosphoketolase gene was fused to a glutathione S-transferase(GST::LBPK) gene for purification. The GST::LBPK fusion protein was detected in the soluble fraction of a recombinant Escherichia coli BL21. The GST::LBPK fusion protein was purified with a yield of 4.32mg/400ml by GSTrap HP affinity column chromatography and analyzed by N-terminal sequencing. LBPK was obtained by factor Xa treatment of fusion protein and the final yield was 3.78mg/400ml. LBPK was examined for its N-terminal sequence and phosphoketolase activity. The $K_M\;and\;V_{max}$ values for fructose-6-phosphate were $5.08{\pm}0.057mM(mean{\pm}SD)$ and $499.21{\pm}4.33{\mu}mol/min/mg$, respectively, and the optimum temperature and pH for the production of acetyl phosphate were $45^{\circ}C$ and 7.0, respectively.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.1714-1723
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• 2012

${\beta}$-Glucosidase is necessary for the bioconversion of glycosidic phytochemicals in food. Two Bifidobacterium strains (Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis SH5 and B. animalis subsp. lactis RD68) with relatively high ${\beta}$-glucosidase activities were selected among 46 lactic acid bacteria. A ${\beta}$-glucosidase gene (bbg572) from B. lactis was shotgun cloned, fully sequenced, and analyzed for its transcription start site, structural gene, and deduced transcriptional terminator. The structural gene of bbg572 was 1,383 bp. Based on amino sequence similarities, bbg572 was assigned to family 1 of the glycosyl hydrolases. To overexpress bbg572 in Bifidobacterium, several bifidobacteria expression vectors were constructed by combining several promoters and a terminator sequence from different bifidobacteria. The maximum activity of recombinant Bbg572 was achieved when it was expressed under its own promoter and terminator. Its enzyme activity increased 31-fold compared with those of its parental strains. The optimal pH for Bbg572 was pH 6.0. Bbg572 was stable at $37-40^{\circ}C$. It hydrolyzed isoflavones, quercetins, and disaccharides with various ${\beta}$-glucoside linkages. Bbg572 also converted the ginsenosides Rb1 and Rb2. These results suggest that this new ${\beta}$-glucosidase-positive Bifidobacterium transformant can be utilized for the production of specific aglycone products.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.3361-3369
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• 2015

본 연구의 목적은 효모균주와 발효조건 등을 달리하여 머루를 첨가하여 복분자 와인의 품질을 향상시키는데 있다. 효모별 복분자 와인 술덧 품질에 미치는 영향 연구에서는 Y1(Lalvin 71B)효모가 젖산, 퓨젤유 성분을 발효후에 타 효모에 비해 유의적으로 높게 생성하였으며, 술덧의 산도를 낮추고 복분자 와인의 아로마를 강화하는데 효과가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 발효온도가 복분자 와인 술덧에 미치는 영향 연구에서는 고온발효($25^{\circ}C$)에서 Y1 효모를 이용하여 발효한 술덧에서 낮은 온도($15^{\circ}C$)에서 발효한 술덧에서보다 아로마 성분(에틸 아세테이트 및 고급알코올)이 유의적으로 높게 생성되었다. 본 연구를 통해 머루를 첨가한 복분자 와인제조시 Y1 효모를 이용하고 고온에서 발효하는 것이 복분자 와인의 맛과 아로마를 강화하는데 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.