• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.86-92
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• 2014

Objective: Whole body vibration (WBV) and plyometrics are common training techniques which increase strength, blood flow, and lower body force and power. The effects these techniques have on sedentary population is unknown. It is our aim to assess the effectiveness of WBV and plyometrics on sedentary population. Design: Experimental study. Methods: Twenty-seven sedentary subjects were assigned to either the control group, jumping only group, or jumping with vibration group. Jump height (myotest or vertec), velocity, force, blood lactates, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Subjects were measured on the initial, seventh, and eighteenth visits. Control group attended measurements only. Jumping only and jumping with vibration groups performed jumping from a vibrating platform to a surface 7 1/2 inches higher for 3 bouts of 20 seconds. Each subject in jumping only and jumping with vibration groups attended three times per week for six weeks. Vibration was set at 40 Hz and 2-4 mm of displacement. Results: There was no significant change among groups in force, velocity, vertec height, and myotest height. However there was a significant increase in vertec height from initial to final measure (p<0.05) for jumping with vibration group. RPE was significantly higher between control group and jumping with vibration group after intervention (p<0.05). Conclusions: WBV with vibration increased jump height. Jumping with vibration group experienced increased exertion than for controls. WBV with plyometrics had no effect on force, velocity, blood lactates, or calculated jump height. Further studies controlling for initial measure of blood lactates and using an external focus may be necessary to elicit velocity, force and jump height changes.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.609-616
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• 1995

Effects of lactate concentration, temperature, counter ions, pH as well as voltage (current) in batch electrodialysis (ED) experiments with a 3-compartment unit were investigated. The applied voltage was found to be the most critical factor as expected. The electrodialysis rate increased with the lactate concentration of the source solution. The amount of lactate transferred was limited by the lactate concentration difference between cathode and permeate compartments. The electrodialysis rate did not heavily depend on temperature change. The electrodialysis rate of NH$_{4}$-lactate was faster than that of Na-lactate and both lactates showed the highest electrodialysis rate at a pH of 4.0. A little amount of non-ionic glucose diffused through the anionic membrane to the permeate compartment. To test the effectiveness of the in situ recovery of lactic acid from fermentation broth by ED, three cases of batch culture were carried out; pH control only, ED only, and pH control and ED. The case with both pH control and ED was more efficient than that with pH control only in the aspects of productivity and product yield.

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국막학회 2004년도 추계 총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.263-266
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• 2004

An experimental study was carried out on the recovery of ammonium lactate from simulated fermentation brothby desalting electrodialysis (DSED). All experiments, using AM-1 and CM-1 membranes, were operated in a constant current and a subsequent constant-voltage mode, and the switching point was determined based on the previous results. The effects of operating conditions such as operating current, initial feed concentration, and initial feed pH were investigated. Increased operating current resulted in a decreased operating time but an increased energy consumption per unit amount of ammonium lactate recovered. As the initial feed concentration was increased, the operating time increased while energy consumption decreased. The operating time and energy consumption slightly decreased as the initial feed pH was increased up to 6.0. However, no significant influences on the recovery of ammonium lactate were observed over 6.0. The rejections of acetate, glucose, and proteins were $10\%,\;93\%,\;and\;98\%$, respectively. Sulfate was not rejected at all.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.381-394
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• 2017

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate carbonated drinks induced dental caries with qualitative analysis and to compare with oral organic acids including lactate, acetate, propionate, formate, butyrate, pyruvate and valerate which cause caries when taking either 10% sucrose drinks or carbonated drinks. Methods: Saliva was collected from six study subjects before and after (start, 5, 10, 30 minutes) taking water intake upon (A) 10% sucrose intake, (B) 10% sucrose intake, and (C) carbonated drink intake, then they were centrifuged at 1,200 rpm followed by removing bacteria and enzymes with syringe filtering, performing a qualitative analysis with HPLC conductivity detection (GP50 gradient pump, ED 50 detector) after saliva pre-treatment under isocratic 100 mM NaOH mobile phase. Results: Higher risk of dental caries was evaluated in order of C>B>A, with the results of total oral organic acids' concentration, lactates of organic acids and organic acids produced after 5 minutes from the 3 types of drinks intake. Conclusions: Carbonated beverages were estimated to develop higher dental caries induction than beverages containing 10% sucrose because of the high organic acid concentration in the mouth after its intake.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.57-66
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• 2003

The purpose of the present study was to investigate physicochemical changes in olive flounder and korean rockfish muscle subjected to the cold brine, and to find the optimal immersion condition. Effects of various immersion conditions in a sliced raw fish quality were investigated in the rigor index, breaking strength, ATP related compounds, and lactate accumulation in the muscle. The onset of rigor-mortis was accelerated by the increase of immersion time. Also, the time reaching full rigor was shortened remarkably too. However, the rigor index of samples immersed in the cold brine decreased more than that of samples killed instantly. Rigor index was the highest in samples killed instantly, followed by 2.5 min, 5min, 7.5 min, 10 min and 15 min in order. Breaking strength of all samples immersed in the cold brine decreased significantly after reaching the maximum values. The content of ATP related compounds in olive flounder, korean rockfish were $12.0{\mu}mole/g$ and $8.3{\mu}mole/g$, respectively. However, ATP decreased in the samples immersed in the cold brine. The content of ATP was lower, at the optimal condition and then it was increased. Also, lactates increased, at the optimal condition and then it decreased, in contrast with the ATP. The results suggested that the optimal immersion condition of olive flounder and korean rockfish was at -${12.5}^{\circ}C$ for 5min.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제63권6호
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• pp.689-697
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• 2020

Objective : Cerebral edema is the predominant mechanism of secondary inflammation after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Pioglitazone, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist has been shown to play a role in regulation of central nervous system inflammation. Here, we examined the pharmacological effects of pioglitazone in an ICH mouse model and investigated its regulation on NLRP3 inflammasome and glucose metabolism. Methods : The ICH model was established in C57 BL/6 mice by the stereotactical inoculation of blood (30 µL) into the right frontal lobe. The treatment group was administered i.p. pioglitazone (20 mg/kg) for 1, 3, and 6 days. The control group was administered i.p. phosphate-buffered saline for 1, 3, and 6 days. We investigated brain water contents, NLRP3 expression, and changes in the metabolites in the ICH model using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results : On day 3, brain edema in the mice treated with pioglitazone was decreased more than that in the control group. Expression levels of NLRP3 in the ICH model treated with pioglitazone were decreased more than those of the control mice on days 3 and 7. The pioglitazone group showed higher levels of glycolytic metabolites than those in the ICH mice. Lactate production was increased in the ICH mice treated with pioglitazone. Conclusion : Our results demonstrated less brain swelling following ICH in mice treated with pioglitazone. Pioglitazone decreased NLRP3-related brain edema and increased anaerobic glycolysis, resulting in the production of lactate in the ICH mice model. NLRP3 might be a therapeutic target for ICH recovery.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.762-779
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Mediterranean diet is an environmentally friendly and healthy diet model. The diet offers many vegetables, fruits, nuts, and olive oil to consumers. In addition, it provides moderate amounts of fish and chicken, smaller quantities of dairy products, red meat, and processed meat. The Mediterranean diet has a high anti-inflammatory and antioxidant content, and it causes many physiological changes that can provide a physical performance advantage. This study examined the effects of a 15-day menu, which was planned using foods with a low acid load within the Mediterranean diet rules, on the exercise performance, lactate elimination, anthropometric measurements, and body composition. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Fifteen professional male athletes between the ages of 13 and 18, who were engaged in ski running, were included in the experimental study. Dietary intervention was applied for 15 days. The athlete performances were evaluated by applying the vertical jump test, hand grip strength, 20 meters shuttle run test, and Borg fatigue scale. After the shuttle run test (every 3 min for 30 min), blood was drawn from the finger, and the lactate elimination time was calculated. Performance and lactate measurements, body analysis, and anthropometric measurements were taken before and after dietary intervention. RESULTS: The vertical jump height and hand grip strength increased after the intervention (P < 0.05). The test duration, total distance, the number of shuttles, and maximum oxygen consumption parameters of the shuttle run test increased (P < 0.05). After the intervention, the athletes' perceived fatigue scores decreased in several stages of the shuttle run test (P < 0.05). The lactate elimination time and athlete's body composition were similar in repeated measurements (P > 0.05). In the last measurements, the upper middle arm circumference decreased while the height of the athletes increased (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results show that the Mediterranean diet is a safe and feasible dietary approach for aerobic performance and strength increase.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.99-107
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• 2009

본 연구는 표고버섯 가루를 이용한 저지방 기능성 소시지를 제조하고 저장성 증진을 위하여 천연의 젖산나트륨과 자몽종자 추출물을 이용하였다. 소시지에 첨가한 표고 버섯은 0.25% 수준 내에서 첨가하였을 때 제품의 품질 변화가 나타나지 않으며 관능성상에도 영향을 주지 않았다. 냉장 저장 중 품질 변화는 먼저, 처리구에 의한 효과에서 젖산나트륨, 표고버섯가루, 자몽종자추출물 단독 또는 복합첨가 할 경우에도 pH, 색도, 유리수분 및 진공감량 모두 처리구간 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않아 첨가한 물질의 첨가수준이 제품의 품질에 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 평가되었으며, 반면에 젖산나트륨이나 자몽종자 추출물을 단독이나 복합 첨가 시 접종한 Listeria monocytogenes를 줄일 수 있었다. 한편, 저장기간에 의한 효과에서는 pH가 2주까지 낮아지다가 증가하는 경향이었으며, 명도는 다소 감소하다가 증가하였으나, 적색도는 저장 8주에 가장 낮아졌다. 유리 수분의 함량은 저장 기간이 경과할수록 낮아졌고, 반면에 진공 감량은 증가하였다. 이상의 결과에서 표고버섯을 이용한 저지방 기능성 소시지의 제조가 가능하였고, 젖산 나트륨과 자몽종자 추출물을 단독 혹은 복합으로 첨가하여 Listeria monocytogenes의 성장을 저해시킬 수 있었다. 결론적으로, 자몽종자 추출물과 젖산나트륨은 저지방 훈연 소시지의 품질에 영향을 주지 않고 저장성을 증진시키는 천연 보존제로 평가되었다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.136-144
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• 2003

다슬기분말(PBS)과 그 회분(ABS)으로 제조한 칼슘락테이트(CaL-A및 CaL-P를 0.5%되게 첨가한 반죽의 발효와 빵의 품질 및 저장성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 칼슘락테이트를 첨가하여 1차발효시킨 후 반죽의 pH는 5.98~5.86으로 대조군의 5.50보다 높았다. 반죽의 부피와 빵의 loaf volume index는 CaL-A 첨가군이 대조군 보다 현저하게 낮았으나 pH를 5.5로 조정한 후의 반죽부피와 빵의 loaf volume은 대조군과 비슷하였다. 처리군의 칼슘함량은 39.36~49.70 mg/100 g으로 대조군(13.43 mg/100 g)보다 현저하게 높았다. 처리군 빵의 색상은 대조군과 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 빵의 경도와 점착성은 CaL-A 첨가군이 대조군에 비해 높고, 탄력성과 응집성은 낮았으나 pH를 5.5로 조정한 경우는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 처리군 빵의 현미경 관찰결과 대조군에 비하여 기공이 작고 air cell이 크며 표면이 거칠었다. 맛, 색상, 냄새 및 종합적인 기호도를 평가한 결과 대조군>CaL-A>CaL-P 순으로 첨가군의 관능적 품질이 낮았다. 그러나 pH를 5.5로 조정하여 제조한 빵에서는 종합적인 기호도가 크게 향상되었다. 칼슘락테이트를 첨가한 빵은 곰팡이 발생이 지연되었으며 곰팡이의 발생정도로 평가한 2$0^{\circ}C$에성의 저장수명은 대조군이 1, CaL-A 첨가군 3일, CaL-P 첨가군은 5일이었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.412-419
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• 2004

다슬기 분말과 그 회분으로 제조한 젖산칼슘인 CaL-P와-A의 두부 응고제로의 이용성을 검토하기 위하여 염화칼슘(CC), 염화마그네슘(MC), 황산칼슘(CS) 및 표준품 젖산칼슘(CaL-S)과의 응고력, 수율, 색상, 텍스쳐, 칼슘함량, 미세구조 및 관능적 특성을 상호 비교하였으며 저장중의 총균수와 침지액의 탁도변화를 살펴보았다. 응고력은 CaL-A가 가장 우수하였으며 CaL-P의 경우도 CaL-S보다 높았다. CaL-A두부의 수율은 CC두부의 110%로 CS와 대등하였으나 CaL-P두부의 수율은 CC의 50% 수준으로 낮았다. 응고제에 따른 두부의 색상은뚜렷한 차이를 보이지 않았으나 CaL-P 두부는 L＊값이 낮은 반면 a＊, b＊값이 높았다. 두부의 견고성 은 CaL-S>CS>CC)CaL-P>MC)CaL-A순, 응집성은 MC>CaL-S>CC>CS)CaL-P>CaL-A 순을 나타내었으며, 탄력성은 MC가 가장 높았다. 두부의 칼슘함량은 116.12∼204.48mg/100 g이었으나 MC 두부는 57.1 mg으로 낮았다. 두부의 미세구조는 견고도가 낮고 부드러울수록 입자가 작고 균일하였는데 CaL-A와 MC 두부가 대 체적으로 작고 균일하였으며 CaL-P는 CC와 같이 불규칙하였다. CaL-P와 CaL-A 두부는 타 두부에 비하여 질감, 탄력성, 풍미가 좋고 종합적인 맛이 우수하였으며 CaL-A의 경우는 견고성이 낮아 부드러운 맛이 높았다. 총 균수로 평가한 1$0^{\circ}C$에서의 shelf-life는 타 응고제를 사용한 경우 4∼6일을 나타내었으나 CaL-P는 8일로 연장되었다. 탁도도 CaL-P의 경우가 가장 낮았다. 이상의 결과 CaL-P와-A는 두부의 품질을 높일 수 있음과 동시에 체내 흡수력이 높은 칼슘을 공급할 수 있어 산업적으로 많이 사용하고 있는 칼슘의 체내 이용율이 낮은 CS를 대체할 수 있는 두부 응고제로 바람직한 것으로 평가되었다.