• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.367-376
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• 1997

The 234 patients who received treatment of midfacial fractures at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Chonnam University Hospital from Jan. 1, 1992 to Dec. 31, 1996 were analyzed clinicostastically. Results obtained were as follows ; Male predominated over females by a ratio of 5.3 to 1. The frequently developing age groups were first 3rd (25%), 4th (21%) and the 2nd (18%) decade on succession. The peakest month was the August (16%), and May (11%), September (9%), October (9%). When it comes to the reasons for in-patients, traffic accident was predominant to 38%. In the 234 cases of midfacial fractures, zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture was the most by 37%. The most common with injury show that facial laceration marked by 49%, neurologic injury 24%, and mandibular fracture 20% each by each. About the time from injury onset to operation, 55% of cases were less than a week while the others (45%) more than a week. 3 plates were used for operation : 2 for zygoma or maxilla fracture and 3 for zygomatiomaxillary complex fracture. especially 4 for Le Fort I fracture, 5.5 for Le Fort I, II ; I, III ; II, III fracture, 7 for Le Fort I,II,III fracture were used. 20 patients (8%) appealed their complication and the most common was reported as infection. Above results suggest that early diagnosis and treatment of fracture site, systemic condition and associated injuries are necessary, and coorperative treatment with medical department should be performed.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.435-446
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• 1997

Overall study was carried out for the patients visiting Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery through Emergency Room in Chonnam University Hospital, from Jan. 1, 1992 to Dec. 31, 1996. Result obtained were as follows ; Male predilection was shown, the male to female ratio being 2.5 to 1. The frequently developing age group were the first 3rd and 4th decade and under the age of 9 was followed. The number of patients for emergency was peak in September and October to 11%. About the causes for emergency, traffic accident was the most, and fall down injury and assault were followed. About the injury lists, facial laceration was preceded and the next facial bone fracture and the tooth injury followed. In the facial bone fracture, fracture in the mandible only was the most, and zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture, and mandible-maxilla complex fracture were followed. when the case of the mandible fracture, symphysis, condyle, angle were marked in succession. 57% was predomunatly ranged in the timea of 18 : 00 to 03 : 00 for the emergency. From injury onset to visiting emergency room, the range of 8 hours to 12 hours was predominant. Above results suggest that urgent patients of oral and maxillofacial area were relatively so high that division of oral and maxillofacial surgery should be established immediately.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.251-256
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• 2012

With today's heightened interest in quality of life, leisure and sports activities were popular in the general public. Accordingly, the incidence of oral and maxillofacial injury are also rising. Use of a mouth protector to prevent the trauma of the oral and maxillofacial region is growing in importance, and among the mouth protector the mouthguard is the most commonly used. Mouthguard has been suggested to protect injuries by (1) preventing tooth injuries by absorbing and deflecting blows to the teeth; (2) shielding the lips, tongue, and gingival tissues from laceration; (3) preventing opposing teeth from coming into violent contact; (4) providing the mandible with resilient support, which absorbs an impact that might fracture the unsupported angle or condyle of the mandible; (5) preventing neck and cerebral brain injuries. Although mouthguard is effective for prevention of oral and maxillofacial injury, it is not widespread to athletes or general public and they are lack of awareness about the importance of mouthguard. We present the types and materials of mouthguard, things to consider when mouthguard fabrication, and the usage. This should be helpful in awareness about the importance and popularization of mouthguard.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.327-333
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• 2016

Tourette's syndrome is a chronic neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by the presence of vocal and multiple motor tics. Tics are defined as brief, intermittent, repetitive, unpredictable, purposeless, and stereotyped movements or sounds. Some patients experience physical pain from intense and complex tics. In addition, motor tics can result in self-injury which is a common feature of Tourette's syndrome. A 9-year-old boy was referred by the department of neuropsychiatry because of a severe tongue laceration. His parents reported that he had been biting his tongue irregularly for 2 months before referral and suffered from an intense burning sensation. The repeated biting resulted in ulcers on the tongue, which quickly worsened and led to progressive difficulty chewing and swallowing food. We offered to give him a two-piece removable appliance to limit tongue biting; it was made of soft silicone and fitted to both the maxillary and mandibular arches. As we emphasized that the device could help alleviate his pain, he agreed to accept it and adapted well. Just 3 weeks later, his tongue lesions had healed significantly.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.260-264
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• 2010

Treatment of the mandibular fracture consists of reduction and fixation. The apparatus that is used to keep the jaws together during healing will often reduce the fracture as well. When the jaws are brought together and intermaxillary elastic rubber traction is placed, the occlusion of the teeth will help to orient the fractured parts into good position. Intermaxillary fixation, that is, fixation obtained by elastic bands between the upper & lower jaws to which suitable anchoring devices have been attached, will successfully treat most fractures of the mandible. Arch bars are perhaps the ideal method for intermaxillary fixation. Several types of ready-made arch bars are used. But, daily occupational life and oral hygiene is difficult to maintain during the period of longterm immobilized intermaxillary fixation (commonly 6-8 weeks), owing to malnutrition and emotional disorders in a position of the patient with mandibular fractures. Most mandibular fractures heal well enough to allow removal of fixation in about 6 weeks. Though there are many complications of mandibular fracture, such as infection, hemorrhage, trismus, paresthesia and nonunion, it is favorable to attain the short-term removable intermaxillary fixation care by use of an additive incision & drainage establishment on the oral lacerated wounds of adjacent mandibular compound fractures. The purpose of an additive incision & drainge establishment is the prevention of wound infection & nonunion by removing the hematoma & seroma in the fracture sites.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.12-18
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• 1983

This study was carried out in identify the accidents of the residents in the rural community for a year from January to December in 1980 in the area of Bugae Myun, Gunwee Gun, Kyungpook province in Korea. The annual incidence was 3.9% and there was significant difference between sexes(p < 0.01) ; 5.5% in male, 2.3% in female. The age group of 50-59 showed the highest incidence as 5.7%. In summer the incidence was the highest as 37.5% and in winter, the lowest as 18.7%. Farming tool was the most frequent cause of accident as 44.3% and followed by insecticide and bite of snake and dog, etc. Hands and fingers were the most frequent injured parts as 33.0% and upper extremities(40.3%) were twice as high as the lower ones(20.5%). By kinds of injuries, laceration was highest as 33.0% and followed by contusion(24.4%) and abrasion(15.9%). Average duration of treatment was 6.1 days and most of the cases(85.2%) were within 10 days. Average duration of labor loss was 8 days and 84.6% of the total were less than 10 days. Twenty-six cases had some parts of their bodies lost due to accidents and five cases died from drownina and poisoning.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.207-212
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• 2015

Background: The ideal alternative airway device should be intuitive to use, yielding proficiency after only a few trials. The Clarus Video System (CVS) is a novel optical stylet with a semi-rigid tip; however, the learning curve and associated orodental trauma are poorly understood. Methods: Two novice practitioners with no CVS experience performed 30 intubations each. Each trial was divided into learning (first 10 intubations) and standard phases (remaining 20 intubations). Total time to achieve successful intubation, number of intubation attempts, ease of use, and orodental trauma were recorded. Results: Intubation was successful in all patients. In 51 patients (85%), intubation was accomplished in the first attempt. Nine patients required two or three intubation attempts; six were with the first 10 patients. Learning and standard phases differed significantly in terms of success at first attempt, number of attempts, and intubation time (70% vs. 93%, $1.4 {\pm}0.7$ vs. $1.1{\pm}0.3$, and $71.4{\pm}92.3s$ vs. $24.6{\pm}21.9s$, respectively). The first five patients required longer intubation times than the subsequent five patients ($106.8{\pm}120.3s$ vs. $36.0{\pm}26.8s$); however, the number of attempts was similar. Sequential subgroups of five patients in the standard phase did not differ in the number of attempts or intubation time. Dental trauma, lip laceration, or mucosal bleeding were absent. Conclusions: Ten intubations are sufficient to learn CVS utilization properly without causing any orodental trauma. A relatively small number of experiences are required in the learning curve compared with other devices.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.75-80
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• 1999

The Taekwondo being a martial sports, there are higher chances for the injury to occur than the non martial sports. Therefore, this study analyze the frequency, the area, the type, and the condition of the injury which are prone to occur in the Taekwondo matches; it is to help the Taekwondo players in prevention of the injury and in treatment. The subjects of this study were the 48 players (male 24, female 24) who participated in the final selection contest of the national team player on March 9 to 12, 1993. The data of the injury were obtained from the medical recoder staff and were analyzed to the frequency of the injury per match, the vulnerable area of the injury, the type of injury, and the condition of the injury with a gender difference. There were 24 matches for the male and 24 matches for the female, total 48 matches. Therefore, the total participation number of the players are the double of the match number. 1. The frequency of the injury per match was 18.3%(11/60) for male and 23.1%(12/52) for women. 2. The areas of the injury were ankle 36.4%(4), foot 18.2%(2), knee 18.2%(2), lower leg 18.2%(2), wrist 9.1%(1) in male; foot 33.4%(4), ankle 16.7%(2), knee 16.7%(2), lower back 16.7%(2), lower leg 8.3%(1), face 8.3%(1) in female. 3. The types of the injury were contusion 45.5%(5), sprain 27.3%(3), abrasion 9.1%(1), laceration 9.1%(1), tendon rupture 9.1%(1) in male; contusion 33.3%(4), sprain 33.3%(4), abrasion 16.7%(2), subcutaneous hemorrhage 8.3%(1), dislocation 8.3%(1) in female. 4. The condition of the injury were the unblocked attack 36.4%(4), attacking kick 27.3%(3), blocking a kick 18.2%(2), attacking punch 9.1%, impact with surface 9.1%(1) in male; attacking kick 33.3%(4), unblocked attack 25%(3), blocking a kick 25%(3), attacking punch 8.3%(1), impact with surface 8.3%(1) in female. This study shows that the injury from the Taekwondo matches occurred most in the lower extremity joints and the foot, and shows that the most of the injury types were contusion and sprain. Therefore, it is believed to be helpful to wear the proper fitting ankle or the knee protector and using other protective equipment to prevent the sports injury in the Taekwondo matches.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate environmental factors contributing to childhood home slip-down injuries. Methods: Among a total of 2,812 injured children in our Customer Injury Surveillance System (CISS), we performed a prospective study on 262 children with home slip-down injuries who visited the pediatric emergency department of Asan Medical Center between March 2008 and February 2009. We made a frequency analysis on parameters such as activities just before the accident, the presence of any obstacles or lubricant materials, specific home place in the home where the injuries occurred, flooring materials on which the slip-down happened, additional objects hit after slip down, the site and kind of injury, the duration of therapy, and the disposition. Results: Walking was the most common activity just before the injury. Because rooms and bathrooms were most common places in the home for slip down injuries, laminated papers/ vinyl floor coverings and tiles were the most common flooring materials used in the places where the injuries occured. Most commonly, no obstacles caused the children to slip down, but the furniture, stairs, doorsills, wetness, or soapy fluid followed after that. Over half of the children who slipped (58%) also collided with other than the floor itself after the slip-down, most common objects hit were the edges of the furniture, and doorsills, followed by stairways. The head and neck were the most commonly injured sites, and a laceration was the most common kind of injury. Most children needed less than 1 week of therapy, only 4 children (1.53%) admitted. There were no mortalities. Conclusion: The environmental factors contributing to slip-down injuries were the bathroom, laminated papers/vinyl floors, the furniture, stairs, doorsills, and wetness or soapy fluid. Especially, the furniture, stairs, and doorsills can be both primary obstacles and secondary collision objects. For the safety of our children, we must consider these factors on housing, when decorating or remodeling our house.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.89-96
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• 1981

Of 2,740 industries in Jeonbug area which are covered by industrial insurance policy, 462 facilities which the accidents related to industry occured during the year of 1979 were studied. and the results are summarized as follows: 1. The accidents related to industry occured in 462 industries of the total 2,740 industrial facilities in Jeonbug area as of 1979. 2. The incidence rate of accident per 1,000 workers was 34.3 (49.2 in male workers and 12.8 in female workers), the frequency rate of the total industries in jeonbug area was 13.36, and severity rate was 1.3. 3. The frequency rates and severity rates by type of industry in study area were quite different to compare with those of national rates. 4. The incidence rate of construction industry was 223.6 per 1,000 workers, and that of transportation-communication industries were 78.6. 5. The proportion of industrial accidents of $20{\sim}24$ age group was 22.1 per cent of the total accidents, and the proportions decreased according to age increase. 6. The incidence rate in the industry having less than 49 workers was 20.6 per 1,000 workers, that of industry with $50{\sim]99$ workers was 26.7, that of industry with $100{\sim}199$ was 51.9, that of industry with $200{\sim}499$ was 80.2 and that of with more than 500 worker was 40.7. 7. The accidents which occured in the workers with experience of less than one year was 69.4 per cent of the total accidents, otherwise, the longer the workers have worked the less accident they have. 8. The most accidents occured in tile shift between 10 to 12 o'clock, and 16 to 18 hour 9. The primary causes of the industrial accidents were found to be collisions, machinery falling objects and falls. 10. The site of injury by type of industry were quite different, and the major site of injury was finger. 11. The laceration and open injuries of the accidents related to industry were 37.2 per cent of the total cases, and fractures or dislocations were 23.5 per cent, and contusions were 6.5 per cent. 12. Death rate of industrial accident was 5.0 per 10,000 workers, and those of industry were 47.6 in transportation, 42.8 in construction industry, 24.4 in mine industry, and 2.0 in manufacturing industry.