• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제31권8호
• /
• pp.1109-1114
• /
• 2021

Chlamydia pneumoniae is a type of pathogenic gram-negative bacteria that causes various respiratory tract infections including asthma. Chlamydia species infect humans and cause respiratory infection by rupturing the lining of the respiratory which includes the throat, lungs and windpipe. Meanwhile, the function of interleukin-4 (IL-4) in Ch. pneumoniae respiratory infection and its association with the development of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in adulthood and causing allergic airway disease (AAD) are not understood properly. We therefore investigated the role of IL-4 in respiratory infection and allergy caused by early life Chlamydia infection. In this study, Ch. pneumonia strain was propagated and cultured in HEp-2 cells according to standard protocol and infant C57BL/6 mice around 3-4 weeks old were infected to study the role of IL-4 in respiratory infection and allergy caused by early life Chlamydia infection. We observed that IL-4 is linked with Chlamydia respiratory infection and its absence lowers respiratory infection. IL-4R α2 is also responsible for controlling the IL-4 signaling pathway and averts the progression of infection and inflammation. Furthermore, the IL-4 signaling pathway also influences infection-induced AHR and aids in increasing AAD severity. STAT6 also promotes respiratory infection caused by Ch. pneumoniae and further enhanced its downstream process. Our study concluded that IL-4 is a potential target for preventing infection-induced AHR and severe asthma.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제58권2호
• /
• pp.129-134
• /
• 2020

In most developing countries, Dientamoeba fragilis infection is an obscure protozoan infection. We aimed to determine a frequency and clinical importance of D. fragilis infection in Taif, Saudi Arabia. A 1-year case control study included patients with gastrointestinal (cases, n=114) or non-gastrointestinal symptoms (controls, n=90). The fecal samples were examined with the classical parasitological methods for intestinal protozoa, and by real time PCR for D. fragilis. The infection by D. fragilis was detected in 5.8% by PCR and in 4.4% patients by microscopy. The infection was identified more in control group (n=9) than in cases (n=3); a sole infection in 11 patients and mixed with Giardia in 1 patient. The other enteric parasites detected were Blastocystis sp. (8.3%), Giardia sp. (5.3%), Cryptosporidium sp. (2.9%), Entamoeba histolytica (1.4%), Entamoeba coli (0.9%) and Hymenolepis nana (0.4%). Our results tend to reinforce the need to increase awareness of D. fragilis infection in Saudi Arabia.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
• /
• 제47권1호
• /
• pp.39-45
• /
• 2015

We investigated whether multiple infections can be used as predictors of progression to carcinogenesis in accordance with the cytological diagnosis in women receiving abnormal cytologic diagnosis as analysis genotype and compared to single infection. HPV prevalence is highest in the age of under 30 years old woman, HPV prevalence is started to lower after 30 years old and started to increase over 60 years old as like a U-shape. The specific HPV genotypes is an important factor because increased single infection and reduced multiple infections and appeared single infection with AC in progressing carcinogenesis. HPV 16 revealed the statistical significance at the single infection in squamous cell lesions, and HPV 18 revealed the statistical significance at the single infection in adenocarcinoma with showed HPV 16, 58, 18, 52-type distribution.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제54권4호
• /
• pp.519-525
• /
• 2016

To investigate the potential role of transforming growth factor (TGF)-${\beta}1$ in liver fibrosis during Echinococcus granulosus infection, 96 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 2 groups, experimental group infected by intraperitoneal injection with a metacestode suspension and control group given sterile physiological saline. The liver and blood samples were collected at days 2, 8, 30, 90, 180, and 270 post infection (PI), and the expression of TGF-${\beta}1$ mRNA and protein was determined by real-time quantitative RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. We also evaluated the pathological changes in the liver during the infection using hematoxylin and eosin (H-E) and Masson staining of the liver sections. Pathological analysis of H-E stained infected liver sections revealed liver cell edema, bile duct proliferation, and structural damages of the liver as evidenced by not clearly visible lobular architecture of the infected liver, degeneration of liver cell vacuoles, and infiltration of lymphocytes at late stages of infection. The liver tissue sections from control mice remained normal. Masson staining showed worsening of liver fibrosis at the end stages of the infection. The levels of TGF-${\beta}1$ did not show significant changes at the early stages of infection, but there were significant increases in the levels of TGF-${\beta}1$ at the middle and late stages of infection (P<0.05). RT-PCR results showed that, when compared with the control group, TGF-${\beta}1$ mRNA was low and comparable with that in control mice at the early stages of infection, and that it was significantly increased at day 30 PI and remained at high levels until day 270 PI (P<0.05). The results of this study suggested that increased expression of TGF-${\beta}1$ during E. granulosus infection may play a significant role in liver fibrosis associated with E. granulosus infection.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제31권11호
• /
• pp.1583-1590
• /
• 2021

Studies have demonstrated that PE_PGRS45 is constitutively expressed under various environmental conditions (such as nutrient depletion, hypoxia, and low pH) of the in vitro growth conditions examined, indicating that PE_PGRS45 protein is critical to the basic functions of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, there are few reports about the biochemical function and pathogenic mechanism of PE_PGRS45 protein. The fact that this M. tuberculosis gene is not easily expressed in E. coli may be mainly due to the high content of G+C and the use of unique codons. Fusion tags are indispensable tools used to improve the soluble expression of recombinant proteins and accelerate the characterization of protein structure and function. In the present study, His6, Trx, and His6-MBP were used as fusion tags, but only MBP-PE_PGRS45 was expressed solubly. The purification using His6-MBP tag-specific binding to the Ni column was easy to separate after the tag cleavage. We used the purified PE_PGRS45 to immunize New Zealand rabbits and obtained anti-PE_PGRS45 serum. We found that the titer of polyclonal antibodies against PE_PGR45 was higher than 1:256000. The result shows that purified PE_PGRS45 can induce New Zealand rabbits to produce high-titer antibodies. In conclusion, the recombinant protein PE_PGRS45 was successfully expressed in E. coli and specific antiserum was prepared, which will be followed by further evaluation of these specific antigens to develop highly sensitive and specific diagnostic tests for tuberculosis.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
• /
• 제50권3호
• /
• pp.359-369
• /
• 2018

의료 관련 감염을 예방하기 위한 필수적 방법은 일관성이 있는 감염감시 시스템을 구축하고 효율적인 감시 통제를 수행하기 위해 신뢰할 수 있는 상황에 대해 진단을 향상시켜나가는 것이다. 또한 의료 종사자의 손과 의복 및 장비는 환자 관리 및 환경과 접촉하여 병원체가 오염되는 요인이다. 병원체를 가진 시설 표면(예: 침대 레일, 침대 옆 탁자), 음용수, 냉각탑용수, 내시경기구, 급식위생, 공기매개, 멸균검사, 내독소검사, 및 의료 장비를 포함한 의료 환경의 오염은 일반적으로 발생한다. 또한 이러한 감염원을 활동 감시를 통해 MLST, PFGE의 기법으로 역학분석을 수행한다. 따라서 HAI 예방을 위한 환경 감시배양 검사는 환자의 안전과 감염원의 차단을 향상시킬 뿐만 아니라 국가의 감염관리 시스템을 통제하여 최적의 효율적인 감염관리 예방을 가능케 하고 국가의 감염관리 시스템의 안전을 향상시킨다. 결론적으로 감시배양 검사의 표준화를 통해 실효성 있는 감염관리체계에 이바지하고 감염관리 전문인력으로서의 전문성을 확보하고자 한다. 이를 통해 표준화 마련의 일차적인 목표는 의료관련 감염을 줄이고 국가적 의료관리 체계를 향상시키는데 있다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제16권14호
• /
• pp.5749-5754
• /
• 2015

Cervical carcinoma is the main cause of cancer-related mortality in women and is correlated with more than 15 risk cofactors, including infection of cervical cells with high-risk types of HPV (hrHPV). Indeed, both aberrant methylation of the RASSF1A promoter and hrHPV infection are often observed in cervical carcinomas. The purpose of our meta-analysis was to evaluate the role of RASSF1A promoter methylation and hrHPV infection in cervical cancer. Our meta-analysis involved 895 cervical cancer patients and 454 control patients from 15 studies. Our results suggested that RASSF1A promoter hypermethylation increased the risk of cervical cancer (OR=9.77, 95%CI=[3.06, 31.26], P=0.0001, $I^2=78%$). By grouping cases according to cancer subtypes, we found that HPV infection was higher in cervical squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) than in cervical adenocarcinomas/adenosquamous cancers (ACs/ASCs) (OR=4.00, 95%CI=[1.41, 11.30], P=0.009, $I^2=55%$). Interestingly, HPV infection tended to occur in cervical cancers with relatively low levels of RASSF1A promoter methylation (OR=0.59, 95%CI=[0.36, 0.99], P=0.05, I2=0%). Our study provides evidence of a possible interaction between HPV infection and RASSF1A promoter methylation in the development of cervical cancers.

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.372-377
• /
• 2020

Infection risks of handling specimens associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by public health laboratory services teams were assessed to scrutinize the potential hazards arising from the work procedures. Through risk assessments of all work sequences, laboratory equipment, and workplace environments, no aerosol-generating procedures could be identified except the procedures (mixing and transfer steps) inside biological safety cabinets. Appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as surgical masks, protective gowns, face shields/safety goggles, and disposable gloves, together with pertinent safety training, was provided for laboratory work. Proper disinfection and good hand hygiene practices could minimize the probability of SARS-CoV-2 infection at work. All residual risk levels of the potential hazards identified were within the acceptable level. Contamination by gloved hands was considered as a major exposure route for SARS-CoV-2 when compared with eye protection equipment. Competence in proper donning and doffing of PPE accompanied by hand washing techniques was of utmost importance for infection control.

• 한국동물위생학회지
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.267-273
• /
• 2005

The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of PCV2 infection of the aborted pigs in Gyeongbuk province from April in 2004 to March in 2005. The prevalence of PCV1 and PCV2 infection was confirmed by the PCR method against 32 aborted pigs of 19 farms, which were requested of diagnosis of disease. Among 32 aborted pigs, abortions caused by PCVI were $7(21.9\%)$ heads and by PCV2 were $9(28.1\%)$ heads. Using PCR, the rate of PCV1 infection of 19 farms which were requested of diagnosis of disease is positive in $2(10.5\%)$ farms and $5(26.3\%)$ farms were positive in PCV2, and compositive infections of PCVI, PCV2 is $1(5.3\%)$ farms. Among 32 aborted the pigs, only PCV2 infection was one case $(3.1\%)$, compositive infections with abortion disease were 8 cases $(25\%)$, Compositive infections with abortion disease were most of the parvovirus infection $(84.2\%)$.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.145-152
• /
• 2014

The variation in the level of immune response related gene expression in silkworm, Bombyx mori following infection with Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) was analyzed at different time intervals. The occlusion bodies of BmNPV orally inoculated to the two most divergent silkworm races viz., Sarupat (resistant to BmNPV infection) and CSR2 (susceptible to BmNPV infection) were subjected to oral BmNPV inoculation. The expression profile of gp 41 gene of BmNPV in the Sarupat and CSR2 races revealed that the virus could invade the midguts of both susceptible and resistant races. However, its multiplication was significantly less in the midgut of resistant race, while, in the susceptible race, the viral multiplication reached maximum level within 12 h. These findings indicate that potential host genes are involved in the inhibition of viral multiplication within larval midgut. The immune response genes arylphorin, cathepsin B, gloverin, lebocin, serpin, Hsp 19.9, Hsp 20.1, Hsp 20.4, Hsp 20.8, Hsp 21.4, Hsp 23.7, Hsp 40, Hsp 70, Hsp90 revealed differential level of expression on NPV infection. The gloverin, serpin, Hsp 23.7 and Hsp 40 genes are significantly up-regulated in the resistant race after NPV infection. The early up-regulation of these genes suggests that these genes could play an important role in baculovirus resistance in the silkworm, B. mori.