• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.13-16
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• 2022

The use of animals heavily impacts the mental health of researchers performing the animal experiments. The animal researchers need to take care of animals but also give pain and sacrifice them at the same time. This circumstance can cause a variety of mental stress to the researchers. The stress generated in the laboratory would not only negatively affect the management of animals and the research results, but also would harm the researchers' physical and mental health. Because the feeling of sympathy for animals is a natural feature of humanity, psychological stress following a laboratory animal's death after use is not surprising. It is necessary to revise the relevant laws based on understanding the difficulties of animal researchers in society and to develop related educational programs at the national level to help the psychology and emotions of researchers who conduct animal experiments.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.363-373
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• 2018

The evaluation of Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical (THM) coupling behavior is important for the development of underground space for various purposes. For a high-level radioactive waste repository excavated in a deep underground rock mass, the accurate prediction of the complex THM behavior is essential for the long-term safety and stability assessment. In order to develop reliable THM analysis techniques effectively, an international cooperation project, Development of Coupled models and their Validation against Experiments (DECOVALEX), was carried out. In DECOVALEX-2015 Task B2, the in situ THM experiment that was conducted at Horonobe Underground Research Laboratory(URL) by Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), was modeled by the research teams from the participating countries. In this study, a THM coupling technique that combined TOUGH2 and FLAC3D was developed and applied to the THM analysis for the in situ experiment, in which rock, buffer, backfill, sand, and heater were installed. With the assistance of an artificial neural network, the boundary conditions for the experiment could be adequately implemented in the modeling. The thermal, hydraulic, and mechanical results from the modeling were compared with the measurements from the in situ THM experiment. The predicted buffer temperature from the THM modelling was about $10^{\circ}C$ higher than measurement near by the overpack. At the other locations far from the overpack, modelling predicted slightly lower temperature than measurement. Even though the magnitude of pressure from the modeling was different from the measurements, the general trends of the variation with time were found to be similar.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.525-528
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• 2004

The ion-induced secondary electron emission coefficient ${\gamma}$ and work function for MgO thin film with $O_2$ plasma treatment has been investigated by ${\gamma}$ -FIB (focused ion beam) system. The MgO thin film deposited from sintered material with $O_2$ plasma treatment is found to have higher ${\gamma}$ and lower work function than those without $O_2$ plasma treatment. The energy of various ions used has been ranged from 100eV to 200eV throughout this experiment. It is found that the highest secondary electron emission coefficient ${\gamma}$ has been achieved for 10 minutes of $O_2$ plasma treatment under RF power of 50W.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.805-817
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• 2017

Cross-lingual query expansion is usually based on the relationship among monolingual words. Bilingual comparable corpus contains relationships among bilingual words. Therefore, this paper proposes a method based on these relationships to conduct query expansion. First, the word vectors which characterize the bilingual words are trained using Chinese and Thai bilingual comparable corpus. Then, the correlation between Chinese query words and Thai words are computed based on these word vectors, followed with selecting the Thai candidate expansion terms via the correlative value. Then, multi-group Thai query expansion sentences are built by the Thai candidate expansion words based on Chinese query sentence. Finally, we can get the optimal sentence using the Chinese and Thai query expansion method, and perform the Thai query expansion. Experiment results show that the cross-lingual query expansion method we proposed can effectively improve the accuracy of Chinese and Thai cross-language information retrieval.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.203-215
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to clarify the roles of laboratory work in school. Twenty-one literatures were identified about roles of laboratory work in school by applying criteria such as published in CI level journals or used as a reference over 100 times during 1960-2017. Twenty-one literatures were reviewed according to periods such as 1960-1989, 1990-2003, and 2004-2017, and identified the roles of laboratory work in school that commonly presented in more than two literature. Seven roles of laboratory work in school identified were as follows (a) learning scientific knowledge, (b) enhancing attitude toward science, (c) learning scientific inquiry methods, (d) acquiring skills to use specific laboratory instruments, (e) enhancing scientific attitude, (f) understanding the nature of science(NOS), and (g) providing opportunity to experience natural or scientific phenomena. The results of this study can be used to provide school teachers and students a clear meaning of the roles of laboratory work in school.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.90-97
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• 2005

By measuring changes in blood lactate and plasma enzyme (CPK, GOT, GPT) with electrical stimulation applied at two duty cycles, this study is intended to look into which type of duty cycle may have more effects on blood lactate and plasma enzyme constituents through animal experiment so as to determine any duty cycle appropriate for electrical treatment. In this study, electrical stimulation was applied to total 20 Korean house rabbits (weight: 3~3.5 kg) by means of an electrical therapeutic apparatus called TS6000 (made in Netherlands) at duty cycle of 50% and 20% respectively for 30 minutes. Here, 5 cc of blood was collected from their carotid artery before stimulation and in 30 minutes after stimulation respectively to carry out biochemical experiment and analysis. As determined through the above experiment, blood lactate rate was increased to 333.07% at 50% duty cycle after experiment and 185.71% at 20% duty cycle after experiment respectively. In both cases, blood lactate rate was significantly increased to higher level after electrical stimulation than before. Moreover, the rate of change in the average of blood lactate rate at both duty cycles also showed significant differences. CPK rate was boosted to 301.82% at 50% duty cycle after experiment and 321.35% at 20% duty cycle after experiment respectively. In both cases, CPK rate was remarkably boosted to higher level after stimulation than before (p<.05). However, there was not any significant difference in the rate of change in average CPK at both duty cycles (p<.05). GOT rate was significantly boosted up to 38.97% at 50% duty cycle after experiment (p<.05), while it was slightly increased to 1.68% at 20% duty cycle after experiment without any significant difference. Rather, GPT rate dropped slightly at both duty cycles after experiment, but there was not any significant difference. Although blood lactate and GOT were relatively less generated at 20% duty cycle after electrical stimulation than at 50% duty cycle, the change of duty cycle didn't have any significant influence on CPK rate. In this regard, this study failed to come any consistent conclusion about the association between change of duty cycle and muscle fatigue. Therefore, it is advisable that follow-up studies seek various ways to a little more effectively apply electrical stimulation to laboratory animals by avoiding their muscle fatigue. GOT rate was significantly boosted up to 38.97% at 50% duty cycle after experiment (p<.05), while it was slightly increased to 1.68% at 20% duty cycle after experiment without any significant difference. Rather, GPT rate dropped slightly at both duty cycles after experiment, but there was not any significant difference. Although blood lactate and GOT were relatively less generated at 20% duty cycle after electrical stimulation than at 50% duty cycle, the change of duty cycle didn't have any significant influence on CPK rate. In this regard, this study failed to come any consistent conclusion about the association between change of duty cycle and muscle fatigue. Therefore, it is advisable that follow-up studies seek various ways to a little more effectively apply electrical stimulation to laboratory animals by avoiding their muscle fatigue.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.109-116
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• 2011

To measure the traffic pollutants with high temporal and spatial resolution under real conditions a mobile emission laboratory (MEL) was designed and built in KIST with close-cooperation with KIMM and Yonsei university. The equipment of the mini-van provides gas phase measurements of CO, NOx, $CO_2$, THC (Total hydrocarbon) and number density & size distribution measurements of fine and ultra-fine particles by a fast mobility particle sizer (FMPS) and a condensation particle counter (CPC). The inlet sampling port above the bumper enables the chasing of different type of vehicles. This paper introduces the construction and technical details of the MEL and presents data from the car chasing experiment of diesel and CNG city bus. The dilution ratio was increased rapidly according to the chasing distance. Most particles from the diesel city bus were counted under 300 nm and the peak concentration of the particles was located between 40-60 nm. However, the most particles from the CNG city bus were nano particle counted under 50 nm.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.511-514
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• 2003

Previously, we reported that a diet including sesame meal (SM) increased plasma total and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol concentrations in goats. In the present study, the components in the sesame meal that can increase plasma total and HDL-cholesterol concentrations have been examined. In experiment 1, we gave goats defatted sesame meal diet (DSM) to investigate the influence of ether extract fraction remained in sesame meal. Corn gluten meal diet (CGM) was also fed to goats as a high-protein diet to examine the influence of high dietary protein level caused by usage of sesame meal. Plasma total and HDL-cholesterol concentrations of goats fed DSM and CGM did not change during experimental periods though they were elevated by feeding SM. In experiment 2, the influence of sesame oil and corn oil added in diets on plasma total and HDL-cholesterol concentrations in goats was investigated. Plasma total and HDL-cholesterol concentrations were increased by feeding both corn oil diet and sesame oil diet. In conclusion, the increase in plasma HDL-cholesterol concentration by feeding sesame meal was resulted by the effect of ether extract fraction including sesame oil or some lipid-soluble components remained in sesame meal.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.639-643
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• 2001

Recently, photovoltaic system has been studied widely as a renewable energy system, because it does not produce environmental pollution and it has infinity energy source from the sun. A study on photovoltaic system has a lot of problems like as reappearance and repetition of some situation in the laboratory experiment for development of MPPT algorithm and islanding detection algorithm, because output characteristics of solar cell are varied by irradiation and surface temperature of solar cell. And this system is consisted a lot of solar cell unit. Therefore, the assistant equipment which emulates the solar cell characteristics which can be controlled arbitrarily by researcher is require to the researchers for reliable experimental data. In this paper, the virtual implement of solar cell (VISC) system is proposed to solve these problems and to achieve reliable experimental result on photovoltaic system. VISC system emulates the solar cell output characteristics, and this system can substitute solar cell in laboratory experiment system. To realize the VISC, mathematical model of solar cell is studied for driving converter and the DC/DC converters are compared in viewpoint of tracking error using computer simulation. And then analysis of parallel and series characteristics was done for combination of VISC model.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.65-70
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to determine the appropriate substrate for larval settlement and spat growth in the purple clam, Saxidomus purpuratus in laboratory culture. Larvae were reared with 3 different types of sediments (mud, sand, and mixed) for 46 days in settlement experiment, and settled spats were further grown in 3 types of sediments for 36 weeks in growth experiment. The density of settled spats in muddy sediments was more than 2 times higher than those in mixed or sandy sediments. But, the average size of settled spats in muddy sediments was smaller than those in mixed or sandy sediments. After 36 weeks of growth period, growth rate decreased as shell length increased. When shell length was less than 2 mm, growth rate in mixed sediments was significantly higher than that in sandy sediments. When shell length was more than 2 mm, there was no significant difference in growth rate among different substrates. Sediment type affected growth rate only when the spats were relatively small (less than 2 mm). Muddy sediments seems better for larval settlement, while mixed sediments is best for spat growth. We suggest the laboratory procedure for enhancing seedling production of S. purpuratus.