• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.25-40
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• 2002

Recently the rural women's role has been changed from assisting men to leading major farm work. However, contribution of women in the rural area has not beers fairly evaluated. Hence, it has been difficult for the rural women to receive the reasonable compensation if they injured, had some disasters or were divorced. Therefore this study tried to suggest economic methods such as market cost approach, opportunity cost method and shadow wage method for evaluating rural women's labor. It might provide some information for helping to establish the status of rural women as a income earner through estimating money value of labor contributed by rural women and furthermore, be useful information to improve the efficiency of farm labor by exploring the relationship between value of labor and actual income. Hence, it might help improve the economic situation and life at home of rural women, solve difficulties in the real life and reduce disparity of economic distribution between urban and rural area.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.85-90
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• 2015

This study surveyed 152 publicly traded companies to investigate group-performance based pay practices and its impacts on labor productivity. Compared a benchmark survey from Department of Labor, those companies show higher introduction rates, especially in small-to-medium sized companies. They also tend to pay profit-sharing bonus more in the form of company stocks and differentiate individual bonuses more by department performance than individual performance. The impact of group-performance based pay on labor productivity is positive and statistically significant. Economic value added per person in those companies adopting group-performance based pay tends to be higher and increases with the coverage of employees under the pay plan. It also reveals that the years after the play adoption are negatively associated with labor productivity.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.73-85
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• 2008

This study is based on an empirical study on consequences of emotions and emotional labor in the food-service industry. It analyzed the effect of emotional labor on emotions of emotional laborers and the effect of emotional labor on communication skills. Data used for analysis were collected through the questionnaire surveyed on the various samples including employees of family restaurants, Korean restaurants, Chinese restaurants, Japanese restaurants, etc. The result of data analysis indicated that only the efforts for emotional expressions among the factors influenced affirmative emotion(P-value=0.042). It also showed that the factor of the efforts for emotional expressions by researchers had a positive effect on both language communication skills and non-language communication skills(P-value=0.000). This study was valuable in the aspect that emotions and communication skills were first selected as dependent variables of emotional labor and it verified causality between emotional labor and these variables. However, it also has some limitations that its sample size was small and it depended on convenience sampling.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.97-106
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• 1998

This study was carried out to clarify the labor experience and to understand the labor burdon of women in pre-industrial society. For the purpose This study made use of literature review and narration from 20 elders above 70 years old. It was founded that women in pre-industrial society had participated in public labor which had related to nation and household economy. Especially the participation in textile manufacture was evaluated that had produced lots of economic value. The labor burdon of married women in pre-industrial society was founded great.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.55-74
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• 2013

This research developed standardized satellite accounts for household production to measure the entire production in Korea using representative Korean data. This study utilized standardized methods for measuring the expenditure and consumption of expendable supplies as an element of intermediate goods in household production. The results of this research can be summarized as follows. First, the total value of household production in Korea in 2009 turned was 268 trillion won, which would be 10.16% of the GDP, based on using the method of replacement by specialty for estimating the value of housework, while it was 356 trillion won, which would be 13.5% of the GDP (2,636 trillion won), based on the method of opportunity cost. Second, the economic value of labor invested in household production was 220 trillion won when using the data from 12 main corresponding wages in the market, while it was 203 trillion won when using the method of total replacement, which used the wages of housekeepers, and 290 trillion won when using the method of opportunity cost in measuring the value of housework labor. Third, in estimating the proportion by section in terms of the total value of household production, the portion of labor in household production was measured from 76% to 82%, depending on the methods used, which is the most significant section. These results indicate that housework has the characteristics of labor-centered work. On the other hand, the value of expenditure on and consumption of expendable supplies, as one element of intermediate goods, is 63 trillion won, which is 17.7% (using the method of opportunity cost in measuring the labor of housework) of household production. Also, the value of capital goods, as the other element of intermediate goods is 2.3 trillion won, which is 0.9% (using the method of opportunity cost) of household production. In conclusion, as an element of household production, housework labor was higher in household production than expenditures on expendables, especially for cooking, cleaning, and caring for children. In the future, people should be cautious about estimating that the amount of household work could be reduced, as women's labor in the market and the household work produced by the market will increase.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.7
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• pp.131-143
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• 2004

The purpose of this paper is to prepare a satellite account of the household sector that is reflected in the current national income account by approving the economic activities of unpaid household labor as production activity and estimating its value. The study produced three results. First, as different methods of evaluation can be useful according to different study goals or the contents of related policies, it is unreasonable to present a single result for estimating unpaid household labor. This study, therefore, presented the values of housework based on 5 methods, ranging from 124 to 150 trillion won. Second, to input the added value of household production from the fixed capital (household durable goods), this study adopted the declining balance method used in the Korea National Statistical Office. As a result, the total consumption of fixed capital was estimated at approximately 18.8 trillion won. Third, the total added value of unpaid household labor was estimated to range from 143 to 169 trillion wens. The amount is a production value excluded from the SNA which needs to be formed as a separate household satellite account. The ratio of this total value added was 30-35.4 percents to the 1999 GDP in Korea(477 trillion wens).

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.31-42
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• 1999

This paper focuses on the concept of :"politicization of household labor" to the resolution of houework-related problems which are the products of household work and the women's status. the major discussions of this framework can be summarized as follows: First the policy problems of household labor is that the segregation of market labor and household labor public and private sphere and sex-role affects value of household labor and status of women. Second policy proposals on household labor is related to specific existing policy(family policy women's policy). Third Policy purposes are family welfare and women welfare a symmetry of family and work. Thus policy needs takes concrete shape and policy indicator of evaluing and and policy indicator of supporting. Ultimately it is direct to evaluate the quality of family living.

• Korean Journal of Labor Studies
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.261-295
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• 2018

This study draws on data from the 1st (2005) to 6th (2015) waves of the Workplace Panel Survey regarding workplaces with labor representatives, i.e., a trade union or labor-management council, and analyzes these using a fixed effects panel data model to examine the relationship between the level of worker participation and the economic performance of workplaces. Analysis results indicate that higher levels of worker participation in an earlier time period are associated with higher per-worker value added (productivity) and per-worker labor costs (wages) at the current time period, but only up to a certain level beyond which the effect is found to decrease, thus forming an inverted-U shape pattern. Considered from a broad framework, these results are in line with the theoretical predictions by Freeman and Lazear (1995), who had established the logic behind the dynamics of the participation of labor representatives in management activities. In view of the fact that the current average level of worker participation in Korea is very low, the empirical analysis results of this study presents the policy implication that raising the level of workplace participation somewhat beyond current levels would yield improvements in economic performance in terms of the shared rent between labor and management - i.e., productivity (per-worker value added).

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.171-188
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• 2020

The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), first identified in China in December 2019, has widely spread worldwide and is an ongoing pandemic. It is expected that the ripple effect of COVID-19 on the global economy including the agricultural sector will increase substantially if not properly controlled shortly. This study examines the potential impact of COVID-19 on the Korean beef cattle sector and farm labor demand for Korean beef cattle using a dynamic partial equilibrium model. The agricultural production value and farm labor demand for Korean beef cattle in the scenario assuming pessimistic GDP growth rate (-1.2% in 2020) with no direct supply shocks fell by up to 4.00% and 0.67%, respectively, compared to the baseline which represents the future without COVID-19 outbreak. On the other hand, the agricultural production value and farm labor demand for Korean beef cattle in the scenario assuming both pessimistic GDP growth rate and supply shocks (-12.7% beef imports and + 2.4% feed cost in 2020) increased by up to 12.08% and 1.99%, respectively, compared to the baseline.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.452-461
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• 2021

Background: The prevailing global work scenario and deteriorating health facilities in economies indulge the risk perspective in the labor market model. This is the reason that the risk factor is cautiously attributed to wages and labor market efficiencies specifically in developing and emerging economies. In this respect, Occupational Injuries of Workers (OIW) is considered essential to demonstrate the risk and Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) setups given the constraints of the labor. Intuitively, the prime objective of this study is to make an assessment of the labor market considering the OIW through the indicators of industry division, employment status, occupational distribution, adopted treatment, gender and regionality. Methods: The assessment strategy of the study has been categorized into trend analysis and Index Value Calculation (IVC) segments employing the data from 2001 to 2018. Results: The pattern of the selected indicators of the OIW has been observed in the available data while the IVC estimations are considered through time and reference categories. The findings of both exercises revealed absolute and relative heterogeneities at both industry and occupational levels. Conclusion: The consistency for gender and regional distribution of both assessments points out the need for effective policy initiatives. The study suggests separate analyses of industry and occupations for a better understanding of the OHS setups and up-gradation in Pakistan.