• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.1297-1306
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• 2015

The introduction of multimedia 119-notification service utilizing smart devices causes firefighters to be more exposed to emotional labor. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of increased emotional labor of firemen on job satisfaction. As a result, the higher the emotional labor of firefighters is, the higher job stress (${\beta}=0.166$, p=0.000) and social support(${\beta}=0.540$, p=0.000) are. But job satisfaction tends to be lower(${\beta}=-0.136$, p=0.000). As they play an important role to protect the safety and property of citizens. their job satisfaction becomes the driving force of their duty. Therefore, we think that some systematic and substantial prevention curriculum to manage their emotional labor is required.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.1-59
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• 2018

The Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) is a policy that supports low-income households financially as well as provides an economic incentive to participate in the labor market. Thus, estimating the causal effect of the policy on the labor force participation rate of low-income households is critical for the policy evaluation. In this paper, we exploit the variation in the eligibility to the EITC and the size of the benefit over several reforms of the EITC in South Korea since 2008 and estimate the impact on the participation in the labor market. Using data from four major household surveys, we find that the results are mixed; in some samples and specifications, we find that the effect is positive and statistically significant, while it is insignificant in others. The estimated effect is more likely to be positive and significant when we restrict the sample to the period before 2014. It is an important topic of future research whether the EITC's effect gets weaker because it is extended to cover the self-employed and beneficiaries of the National Basic Livelihood Security.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.336-342
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• 2021

Japanese imperialism initiated the Sino-Japanese War in 1937 and promulgated the Total National Mobilization Act in 1938, establishing a wartime total mobilization system. In the beginning of the wartime general mobilization system, Japanese colonialism focused on women's labor force and mobilized women both domestically and abroad. Women were forcibly mobilized to the Labor Patriotism Unit and Jeongshindae(Korean Women Labor Corps). Women had to take the place of home work as well as the work of men who had already been mobilized, and at the same time faced a poor situation of being forced to mobilize for war. The mobilization of Jeongshindae took place in various forms, such as recruitment, voluntary support by government offices, propaganda through schools or groups, job fraud, coercion or threats. Jeongshindae which was a representative victim of the forced mobilization of women during the Japanese colonial period, was individually litigated and remains an unresolved problem. In order to uncover the reality of the forced mobilization of women during the wartime general mobilization system, continuous research and social education through related organizations are required.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.9 no.7
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• pp.43-52
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• 2018

Purpose - The main purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of children's age on maternal labor supply in Korea using survival analysis. Specifically, we focus on the career re-interruption of women having children under age 12, which has rarely been studied in the existing literature. Research design, data, and methodology - We use micro data from the Korea Labor and Income Panel Study (KLIPS) surveyed from 1998 to 2016. Instead of using a pre-school child dummy or the number of young children as an explanatory variable, 9 children's age dummies are included to capture the effect of nurturing 0 to 9 years old children. This study estimates the hazard of a woman's exiting the labor market after her first experience of the career interruption, rather than the hazard of the first career interruption itself. A Cox proportional hazard model is applied to numerically capture the impact of children's age on behavioral changes in maternal labor supply. The sample used in this analysis is women between 15 and 54 years old. Most of all, we restrict the sample to women who had at least a child between 0 and 12 years old at the time of quitting their jobs. Results - The Cox proportional hazard model estimates show a strong negative effect of a 0-year-old child on maternal labor supply. Mothers with newborns have a high hazard ratio of labor force exit after the re-entry. The hazard of women with infants is three times higher than those with children aged 10 to 18. Additionally, the results show that not only newborns, but also children in the age of school-entry have a negative impact on their mother's labor supply. Conclusions - The findings reveal that children's ages need to be properly expanded and included when analyzing the effect of children and their ages on married women's labor supply, especially on women's career re-interruption. A large negative effect of 7-year-old children on maternal labor supply found here indicates that supporting mothers with school age children as well as pre-school children is necessary to prevent mothers from leaving the labor market.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.1-7
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• 2019

This study analyzed the effects of labor aging on labor productivity using panel statistics of 16 local governments from 1995 to 2017. The aging of the labor force, defined as the proportion of workers aged 60 or older in total employment, in the results of the panel regression analysis considering regional fixed effects and various adjustment variables, has a very consistent and significant negative effect on labor productivity. For every 1% increase in aging, labor productivity decreases by about 0.14 ~ 0.20%. In addition, the per capita capital stock and human capital considered as adjustment variables contributed to the increase of labor productivity, and the unemployment rate, which is a proxy variable of the economic fluctuation, has a significant negative effect on labor productivity as expected. The coefficient of the industrial structure, which represents the share of the service industry in the whole industry, was positive, but is not significant. The results of this study suggest that the design and construction of economic and educational policies that can maintain and expand human capital are necessary to curb the reduction in labor productivity expected by the aging workforce.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.95-123
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• 2016

As Korean society grows rapidly older, a systematic analysis of the determinants of labor supply behavior among the elderly becomes a prerequisite for designing more effective senior employment policies and income security regime for the elderly. Literatures review shows that a majority of previous researches have been ignoring the problem of "endogenous predictor" especially when it comes to the estimation of the effects of the two key variables, education and non-labor income, on labor supply decisions among older people. They have failed to take into consideration the unobserved heterogeneities which might affect both labor supply decisions of the elderly and their levels of education and non-labor income, which means, according to some econometric literatures, that the estimated coefficients of the two predictors can be inconsistent. The paper tries to redress the endogeneity problem by employing a panel logit model with data from the 1st. to 4th. wave of the KLoSA(Korean Longitudinal Survey of Ageing) to estimate the effects of key predictors on the probability of getting jobs among older people(ages of 60 or older). Both a random effects and a fixed effects model reaffirms that non-labor income has a negative effect on the chances of being employed. And a random effects model shows that the effect of education is also negative, as has frequently been reported by previous studies. That means the effects of education and non-labor income on elderly employment remain negative after the effect of unobserved heterogeneities is controled for and the problem of endogenous predictors is redressed through an appropriate panel data analysis. These findings mean, in turn, that when Korean baby-boomers, who had acquired an unprecedentedly higher level of education and were expected to enjoy ever-larger amount of non-labor income than their preceding generations, retires in near future, their incentives to work will become much weaker and the lack of labor-force and the burden of financing increased public pension expenditure will become more troublesome. The paper concludes with recommending some policy initiatives helpful to solve these expected problems.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.907-914
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• 2017

Recently, industrialization and automation for crops has enabled the development of smart farm technology over the world This is due to the need for the automation and convenience of the agricultural system to aging the population and reducing the labor force. In this system, the smart app can control the temperature and humidity that can be conveniently managed by the farmers. It is possible to check the status of the greenhouses in real time in the smartphone and maintain the optimum temperature and humidity, thereby helping to prevent pests and diseases, to grow crops, and to improve the labor force and productivity of farmers and fishermen.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.252-256
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• 2011

Consumption of chicken feet has been increasing recently, thus it was necessary to produce good quality of bone less chicken feet. In the process of bone removal during chicken feet production, feeding, conveying, cutting and bone removing process takes about 90% of overall labor. Therefore, the development of a chicken feet-bone remover was necessary to reduce the cost of labor. There has been few research on the chicken feet bone removers so far in Korea as well as worldwide. So the main objective of this study was to develop a chicken feet-bone remover which is suitable for domestic circumstances. The average length of chicken feet was 113.3 mm with maximum and minimum lengths of 135.8 mm and 92.2 mm, and the average diameter of chicken leg was 12.5 mm, average width of the toe was 56.2 mm and the average weight of chicken feet was 26.4 g with maximum and minimum weight of 39.3 g and 16.9 g, respectively. Also, the average moisture content was 64.7% (w.b). The average cutting force of little toes was 15.6 N for the size ranges of less than 3.5 mm, 22.5 N, 3.5~6.0 mm and 30.3 N for larger than 6.0 mm in diameter, respectively.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.13
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• pp.55-64
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• 1995

Apple is most favorable fruit in Korea, and apple farmland has been increased before and after the agreements of Uruguay Round and apple is considered as one of strategic agricultural goods. Especially expansion of apple farmland is concentrated in Kyungpook region because of the suitable climate and its market share is about 70 percents in 1992. But in tree age of apple, although newly and replanting area is increasing, the rate of old orchards is higher than that of other regions. In varieties of apple, it is concentrated in Fuji and is forecasted to increase in the future. The amount of apple production of Kyungpook region is 480 thousand tons, that is concentrated in Wui-sung, Young-ju and An-dong. The quantity of apple production per 10a. is 1,315kg, that is low level compared with that of America and Japan, and the gap of technology among farmers is heavily. The difficulties of apple farming in Kyungpook region are summarized as follows. first, the lack of mechanization and facilities due to the small scale of farmland, second, lack of rural labor force, third, concentration on Fuji apple varieties, fourth, low productivity of apple farming.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.335-352
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• 2024

Purpose - Low fertility rate is a serious problem, and this study analyzes factors affecting total fertility rate using panel data from 16 metropolitan cities and provinces in Korea from 2000 to 2022. Design/methodology/approach - Estimating the SAR model considering the weak cross-sectional dependence that exists in variables related to the regional total fertility rate, and using the DKSE estimation method considering the strong cross-sectional dependence. Findings - Estimation results considering weak and strong cross-sectional dependence were similar, confirming the robustness of the results. Female labor force participation rate has a positive effect on total fertility rate, and employment rate has no effect. However, the interaction term is a negative (-) sign. Crude marriage rate has a positive effect on total fertility rate, and apartment price has a slightly positive effect. Environmental factor has no effect, and policy factor has a negative effect. Research implications or Originality - In order for an increase in the female labor force participation rate to lead to an increase in the total fertility rate, qualitative improvements in female employment must be made. Financial investment policies for childbirth must increase their effectiveness. The problem of low fertility rate requires not only population policy but also social, economic, cultural, environmental, and policy conditions to be considered.