• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.166-172
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• 2009

Labial adhesion in prepubertal girls is a common gynecologic problems. The labia minora are fused by thin transparent or thick fibrous membrane in the midline from the clitoris to posterior fourchet. The prevalence of labial adhesion may be even greater because many children with labial fusions are asymptomatic and these cases remain unreported. They are often unrecognized by physician and parents because most of symptomatic children complained urinary symptoms. The authors experienced 2 cases of labial adhesion in girls; one asymptomatic partial fusion and the other symptomatic complete fusion. These lesions were treated successfully by mechanical separation of labial adhesion and petroleum ointment (Vaseline) application without recurrence in follow-ups.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.12
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• pp.1271-1273
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• 2003

Labial adhesions are postnatal fusion of the labia minora in the midline of varying degrees. They are postulated to be the result of low estrogen levels in the prepubertal child and possibly of a chronic inflammatory process. Topical treatment with conjugated estrogens has been the mainstay of therapy. We experienced one case of labial adhesion in an infant who was treated with estrogen cream for three weeks without any complication. Here we present this case with a brief review of the literature.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.384-393
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• 2017

Fusion of teeth is a developmental anomaly. It occurs at the stage of tooth formation, which determines the shape and size of the tooth crown, when one or more teeth fuse at the dentin level during the morphodifferentiation of the dental germs. Such teeth show macrodontia and may cause crowding, as well as esthetic and endodontic problems. In this article, we report a rare case of a maxillary central incisor fused to a supernumerary tooth showing labial and palatal talon cusps, which was orthodontically moved across the midpalatal suture. A 13-year-old Caucasian boy sought treatment for the unesthetic appearance of his maxillary central incisor and anterior crowding. He was rehabilitated successfully via a multidisciplinary approach involving orthodontic, nonsurgical endodontic, periodontal, and prosthodontic treatments. After a 26-month treatment period, the patient's macroesthetics and microesthetics were improved. The overall improvement of this macrodontic tooth and its surrounding tissues through multidisciplinary treatment was documented using cone-beam computed tomography.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.52-58
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• 2004

Supernumerary tooth describes an excess of tooth number, which are found in primary dentition with 0.3-0.8%, permanent dentition with 1.0-3.5% prevalence. Their frequency is about 2:1 (male vs female) and 9:1 (maxilla vs mandible). However, occurrence is very rare in the incisor region of the mandible. We need a early diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan because of possibility of diastema, eruption failure, displacement, rotation of the associated permanent teeth, root resorption, dentigerous cyst with presence of the supernumerary teeth. This is a case report about two impacted supernumerary teeth found in madibular anterior region of 6 years old girl. One was extracted and another was retained because of fusion with permanent central incisor on the labial surface.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.50
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• pp.16.1-16.11
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• 2020

Silk is produced by a variety of insects, but only silk made by terrestrial arthropods has been examined in detail. To fill the gap, this study was designed to understand the silk spinning system of aquatic insect. The larvae of caddis flies, Hydatophylax nigrovittatus produce silk through a pair of labial silk glands and use raw silk to protect themselves in the aquatic environment. The result of this study clearly shows that although silk fibers are made under aquatic conditions, the cellular silk production system is quite similar to that of terrestrial arthropods. Typically, silk production in caddisworm has been achieved by two independent processes in the silk glands. This includes the synthesis of silk fibroin in the posterior region, the production of adhesive glycoproteins in the anterior region, which are ultimately accumulated into functional silk dope and converted to a silk ribbon coated with gluey substances. At the cellular level, each substance of fibroin and glycoprotein is specifically synthesized at different locations, and then transported from the rough ER to the Golgi apparatus as transport vesicles, respectively. Thereafter, the secretory vesicles gradually increase in size by vesicular fusion, forming larger secretory granules containing specific proteins. It was found that these granules eventually migrate to the apical membrane and are exocytosed into the lumen by a mechanism of merocrine secretion.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.119-125
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• 2009

Fusion and gemination are irregularities in tooth development. It is often difficult to differentiate between gemination and fusion and it is common to refer to these anomalies as 'double teeth'. The deciduous teeth are most commonly involved, but in 0.1% of cases permanent teeth are affected, in which case aesthetic, funtional and periodontal problems can result. Double teeth present great difficulties in management and required a multidisciplinary approach. The central groove on the labial and palatal surfaces of a double tooth is extremely prone to caries, therefore early 'fissure sealing' is essential. In permanent dentition, surgical separation of fused teeth may be possible with subsequent orthodontic alignment and restorative treatment as needed to reshape the crown. Reshaping or reduction of a double tooth with a single canal may be attempted by modifying the appearance of the labial groove and the use of composite tints but is often impossible and extraction may be the only alternative. Orthodontic treatment and prosthetic replacement is then required. Implants may be an option for adolescents. The present study describes three clinical cases of double teeth in the position of the maxillary permanent incisors. The first case demonstrates an example of multidisciplinary care including surgical intraoral hemisection, root canal therapy, restorative and orthodontic treatment. The second and third cases describe the external and internal morphology of the two fused teeth by means of three dimensional dental computer tomography.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.60-65
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• 2013

The term 'triple tooth' is used to describe a rare dental abnormality in which three teeth appear to be joined. The literature contains many reports of joined primary teeth; most cases have involved, however, the joining of two teeth, and only rarely three teeth. Triple tooth has clinical problems such as dental caries, esthetic problems, malocclusions, and periodontal problems. Therefore, it may require multi-disciplinary approach. The present study describes rare case of triple tooth between maxillary primary central and lateral incisors and a supernumerary tooth. An one-year, eleven-month old girl was seen for evaluation of swelling in the labial gingiva above a right maxillary triple tooth. She experienced traumatic dental injury in that area three weeks ago. Intraoral examination revealed an abscess and fistula in the region of the triple tooth. A radiographic examination showed that right lateral incisor was missing. Endodontic treatment and composite resin restoration was performed on the triple tooth. After follow-ups of 7 months period, there were no marked complications.