• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.1773-1778
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• 2008

Two experiments were carried out to study the effects of corticosterone (CORT) administration on intestinal morphology and function of broilers. In both experiments, birds were randomly divided into two equal groups. One group was the control group (CTRL), and the birds were fed with a basal diet. The other was the experimental group (CORT), and the birds were fed with the basal diet plus 30 mg of CORT/kg diet. At 21 days of age, performance, morphological characteristics of intestine, D-xylose level in plasma, activities of digestive enzymes in digesta, digestibility of nutrients and 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdUrd)-labeling index of intestinal epithelial cells were determined. CORT administration decreased feed intake, daily gain and feed conversion ratio (p<0.05). CORT also decreased duodenal and jejunal villus height (p<0.05) as well as crypt depth (p<0.05). The D-xylose level in plasma of CORT-treated broilers was lower than that of the control (p<0.05). CORT treatment caused a decrease in apparent digestibility of protein (p<0.05), whereas fat and starch apparent digestibilities were unaffected (p>0.05). CORT administration increased activities of trypsin and amylase (p<0.05), and decreased BrdUrd-labeling index of duodenal and jejunal epithelial cells (p<0.05). In conclusion, CORT administration impaired the normal morphology and absorptive capacity of the small intestine of broiler chickens.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.82-88
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• 2017

Enlargement of the lateral ventricles have been identified as a surrogate marker of neurological disorders. Quantitative measure of the lateral ventricle from MRI would enable earlier and more accurate clinical diagnosis in monitoring disease progression. Even though it requires an automated or semi-automated segmentation method for objective quantification, it is difficult to define lateral ventricles due to insufficient contrast and brightness of structural imaging. In this study, we proposed a fully automated lateral ventricle segmentation method based on a graph cuts algorithm combined with atlas-based segmentation and connected component labeling. Initially, initial seeds for graph cuts were defined by atlas-based segmentation (ATS). They were adjusted by partial volume images in order to provide accurate a priori information on graph cuts. A graph cuts algorithm is to finds a global minimum of energy with minimum cut/maximum flow algorithm function on graph. In addition, connected component labeling used to remove false ventricle regions. The proposed method was validated with the well-known tools using the dice similarity index, recall and precision values. The proposed method was significantly higher dice similarity index ($0.860{\pm}0.036$, p < 0.001) and recall ($0.833{\pm}0.037$, p < 0.001) compared with other tools. Therefore, the proposed method yielded a robust and reliable segmentation result.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.298-302
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• 2017

Glandular papilloma of the lung is one of three histologic types of solitary endobronchial papillomas. It is known as an uncommon benign neoplasm. No malignant glandular papillomas have been reported. Herein, the first case of granular papilloma with malignant transformation is reported. A 74-year-old man with huge right lung mass extended upper and lower lobe was admitted to the hospital complaining of progressive cough and dyspnea. An open lung biopsy was performed. Microscopically, the tumor showed papillary growth pattern with thick fibrovascular cores. The stroma of the fibrovascular cores shown the infiltration of lymphoplasmacytic cells and proliferation of capillaries. The epithelial cells surrounding the papillary fronds were cilliated columnar cells with focal cellar atypia, and frequent mitoses. Suspicious pleural invasion foci were identified. The Ki-67 labeling index was about 24.3% and p53 labeling index was about 31.7%. Glandular papilloma is known as a benign neoplasm, which is lack of atypia and mitosis. In present case, there were several indications of malignant transformation, such as cellular atypia, frequent mitosis, architectural distortion, and pleural invasion. Pathologists must be aware that glandular papilloma can have a changes of malignant transformation. Further studies about disease behavior and molecular characteristics are needed.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.26-30
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• 2011

Objective: The primary objective of this study was to perform a retrospective evaluation of the radiological and pathological features influencing the formation of peritumoral brain edema (PTBE) in meningiomas. Methods: The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and pathology data for 86 patients with meningiomas, who underwent surgery at our institution between September 2003 and March 2009, were examined. We evaluated predictive factors related to peritumoral edema including gender, tumor volume, shape of tumor margin, presence of arachnoid plane, the signal intensity (SI) of the tumor in T2-weighted image (T2WI), the WHO histological classification (GI, GII/GIII) and the Ki-67 antigen labeling index (LI). The edema-tumor volume ratio was calculated as the edema index (EI) and was used to evaluate peritumoral edema. Results: Gender (p=0.809) and pathological finding (p=0.084) were not statistically significantly associated with peritumoral edema by univariate analysis. Tumor volume was not correlated with the volume of peritumoral edema. By univariate analysis, three radiological features, and one pathological finding, were associated with PTBE of statistical significance: shape of tumor margin (p=0.001), presence of arachnoid plane (p=0.001), high SI of tumor in T2WI (p=0.001), and Ki-67 antigen LI (p=0.049). These results suggest that irregular tumor margins, hyperintensity in T2WI, absence of arachnoid plane on the MRI, and high Ki-67 LI can be important predictive factors that influence the formation of peritumoral edema in meningiomas. By multivariate analysis, only SI of the tumor in T2WI was statistically significantly associated with peritumoral edema. Conclusion: Results of this study indicate that irregular tumor margin, hyperintensity in T2WI, absence of arachnoid plane on the MRI, and high Ki-67 LI may be important predictive factors influencing the formation of peritumoral edema in meningiomas.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.15
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• pp.6591-6594
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• 2015

Background: Mantle-cell lymphoma (MCL) is a unique entity of peripheral B-cell lymphoma that has a discrete morphologic, immunologic, and genetic phenotype, with more common 'classic' and less frequent 'blastoid' and 'pleomorphic' variants, associated with an aggressive clinical course. The aim of this study was to analyze proliferation (Ki-67) indices of 'classic' (c-MCL) and 'blastoid' (b-MCL) variants of a cohort of MCL and to suggest cut off values for the Ki-67 proliferation index in these two subsets. Materials and Methods: MCL cases diagnosed over $4{\frac{1}{2}}$ years at Section of Histopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi were retrieved and reviewed. Ki-67 labelling was scored and analysed. Results: A total of 90 of cases of MCL were scrutinized. Mean age ${\pm}SD$ was $60.2{\pm}12.5$ years and the male to female ratio was 4:1, with 67 (75%) cases of c-MCL and 23 (25%) cases of b-MCL. Most samples were lymph node biopsies (n=68), whereas the remainder were from various extranodal sites The mean Ki-67 proliferation index was $29.5%{\pm}14.4%$ in classic variants and $64.4{\pm}15.2%$ for the blastoid variant, the difference being statistically significant (p = 0.029). Conclusions: It was concluded that differential cut-off values of Ki-67 labeling may be used in more objective way to reliably classify MCL into classic or blastoid variants by diagnostic pathologists. We propose a < 40 proliferative index to be suggestive of c-MCL and one of > 50 for the blastoid variant.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.201-209
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• 2020

The graph data structure is popular because it can intuitively represent real-world knowledge. Graph databases have attracted attention in academia and industry because they can be used to maintain graph data and allow users to mine knowledge. Mining reachability relationships between two nodes in a graph, termed reachability query processing, is an important functionality of graph databases. Online traversals, such as the breadth-first and depth-first search, are inefficient in processing reachability queries when dealing with large-scale graphs. Labeling schemes have been proposed to overcome these disadvantages. The state-of-the-art is the 2-hop labeling scheme: each node has in and out labels containing reachable node IDs as integers. Unfortunately, existing 2-hop labeling schemes generate huge 2-hop label sizes because they only consider local features, such as degrees. In this paper, we propose a more efficient 2-hop label size reduction approach. We consider the topological sort index, which is a global feature. A linear combination is suggested for utilizing both local and global features. We conduct experiments over real-world and synthetic directed acyclic graph datasets and show that the proposed approach generates smaller labels than existing approaches.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.41 no.9
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• pp.699-706
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• 2014

As XML documents are getting bigger and more complex, a keyword-based search method that does not require structural information is needed to search these large XML documents. In order to use this method, not only all keywords expressed as nodes in the XML document must be labeled for indexing but also structural information should be well represented. However, the existing labeling methods either have very simple information of XML documents for index or represent the structural information which is difficult to deal with the increase of XML documents' size. As the size of XML documents is getting larger, it causes either the poor performance of keyword search or the exponential increase of space usage. In this paper, we present the Repetitive Prime Labeling Scheme (RPLS) in order to improve the problem of the existing labeling methods for keyword-based search of large XML documents. This method is based on the existing prime number labeling method and allows a parent's prime number to be used at a lower level repeatedly so that the number of prime numbers being generated can be reduced. Then, we show an experimental result of the comparison between our methods and the existing methods.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.132-145
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• 2022

Objectives: This study examined trends in the health status and dietary behavior changes by region using the raw data from the 2008 ~ 2019 Community Health Survey. Methods: This study analyzed the data of 2,738,572 people among the raw data of the Community Health Survey from 2008 to 2019. The regional differences in health status and dietary behavior were examined by classifying the regions into capital and non-capital regions, and the non-capital regions were classified into metropolitan cities and provinces. A chi-square test was conducted on the body mass index (BMI), diagnosis of diabetes and hypertension, frequency of eating breakfast, salty taste in usual diet, recognition of nutrition labeling, reading of nutrition labeling, and utilization of nutrition labeling. Results: In determining obesity using the BMI, the normal weight by year decreased, and the obesity rate by year was 34.6% in 2019, which increased by 13% compared to 2008. In addition, the diabetes diagnosis rate and hypertension diagnosis rate continued to increase with the year. Both diabetes and hypertension diagnosis rates were higher in the non-capital regions than in the capital region. Eating breakfast five to seven times per week was most common and showed a significant decreasing trend by year (P < 0.001). The percentage of respondents who said they eat slightly bland foods increased from 19.5% in 2008 to 19.9% in 2010 and then to 22.1% in 2013. The percentage then decreased to 19.9% in 2019, but showed an overall increasing trend (P < 0.001). According to the region, the capital region had a higher percentage than the non-capital region. The nutrition labeling's recognition rate and utilization rate increased yearly, whereas the reading rate decreased. Conclusions: The study results presented the primary data necessary to develop nutrition education programs and establish strategies for local nutrition management projects to improve disease prevention and dietary problems.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.83-92
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• 1991

Complexities of testis structure and function are emphasized in morphometrical and genotoxic evaluation by statistical analysis. F-344 rats were treated with azinphos methyl, cyclophosphomide, and dichlorvos. And Brdu was injected with intrapertionially before sacrifice. The existence and degree of DNA damage were measured by Brdu labeling index which represented relative amount of Brdu incorporated in DNA, morphometric change was evaluated by the relative length of tubular diameter in circular seminiferous tubules and the number of spermatogonia per Sertoli cell in stage IX seminiferous tubules.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 1993.06a
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• pp.1191-1194
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• 1993

We consider a fuzzy controller corresponding to PI controller. This controller is applied to a controlled object which is a first order lag system with dead time. An antecedent part is divided into 3, 5, and 7 parts ( membership function of triangle shape ), and a consequent part into 3, 5, and 7 parts ( membership function of singleton ). In each combination of an antecedent part and a consequent one. We compare control efficiency under the performance criteria such that the overshoot is kept 20% and the ITAE index is minimized.