• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.71-77
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was performed to identify lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), and to evaluate the factors affecting LUTS in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: The cross sectional study was used with a structured questionnaire to collect data through interviews with 181 T2DM patients and their clinical data from a university hospital diabetes clinic from October 2010 to April 2012. LUTS were measured using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), depression using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) from the clinical data. Results: Of all patients with T2DM, the mean IPSS of LUTS was $9.34{\pm}6.86$. Concerning the reported severity of LUTS, 53.6% of the subjects were in the moderate and severe group. In each symptom score of LUTS (range 0-5), nocturia was the highest 2.04, weak stream 1.62, and frequency 1.45. LUTS was significantly predicted by HbA1c and depression, and 14.3% of the variance in LUTS was explained. Conclusion: HbA1c and depression were found to be very important factors associated with LUTS in T2DM patients.

• Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.126-132
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of LUTS (Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms) and factors affecting LUTS in patients with prostate cancer. Methods: Fifty-four patients with prostate cancer participated and they completed a structured questionnaire at a hospital in Seoul. The LUTS level was measured by using the International prostate symptom score (1992) and the data were analyzed by Wilcoxon rank sum test and Kurskal-Wallis test. Results: Most subjects obtained a higher than moderate LUTS score. The participants who had a lower perceived health status and did not drink alcohol were more likely to had a lower LUTS score than other patients who had higher perceived health status and drink alcohol. In addition, eye diseases were significantly associated with the LUTS score. In LUTS, all the patients received higher IPSS-QOL (International prostate symptom score quality of life) and frequency, nocturia. Conclusion: For proper nursing care related to LUTS, nurses should focus on the factors identified when performing nursing assessments and should develop nursing intervention programs for symptoms management.

• Investigative and Clinical Urology
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• v.59 no.6
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• pp.399-409
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• 2018

Purpose: To analyze data from an observational, prospective, cumulative registry study in 805 hypogonadal men stratified by mild or moderate-to-severe lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) according to International Prostate Symptom Score. Materials and Methods: A total of 412 men underwent testosterone therapy (TTh) with injectable testosterone undecanoate, 393 men served as untreated controls. Measures of urinary function, anthropometric and metabolic parameters were performed at least twice per year. Results: Data from 615 men with mild LUTS (253 treated, 362 untreated) and 190 with moderate-to-severe LUTS (159 treated, 31 untreated) were available. During a follow-up period of 8 years a significant improvement of LUTS was noted for all TTh-patients whereas the control-groups showed deterioration or fluctuation around initial values. Despite advancing age, TTh fully prevented worsening of symptoms. In parallel, a considerable improvement of anthropometric parameters, lipids and glycemic control, blood pressure, C-reactive protein, and quality of life was found. Moderate-to-severe LUTS was associated with worse cardiometabolic risk profile at baseline as well as worse cardiovascular outcomes during follow-up in comparison to mild LUTS. Effect size of TTh was more pronounced in men with moderate-to-severe than with mild LUTS. Conclusions: Correcting hypogonadism by TTh is highly effective and safe for improving LUTS in hypogonadal men. TTh may also improve cardiometabolic risk and major adverse cardiovascular events.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.116-123
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• 2009

Purpose: The study was done to identify lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and to evaluate the factors affecting LUTS for the people with Parkinson's disease. Methods: The research design was a cross-sectional study with interviews using a structured questionnaire. The participants were 72 patients with Parkinson's disease who were seen in the Neurology clinic of a university hospital from September to November 2005. Results: Mean score of LUTS for the participants was 10.11. In each symptom score of LUTS (range 0-5), weak stream was the highest 2.06, followed by nocturia 1.71, and urgency 1.61. The severity of LUTS was moderate to severe group for 51%. LUTS were significantly different by regular exercise. Positive correlations were observed between Hoehn and Yahr stage (stage of disease severity) and frequencyand between Hoehn and Yahr stage and urgency (r=.280, p=.018; r=.328, p=.005). LUTS were significantly predicted by regular exercise (p=.001) which explained 15.0% of the variance in LUTS. Conclusion: Regular exercise was found to be a very important factor associated with LUTS for patients with Parkinson's disease.

• Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.256-264
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• 2015

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), evaluate factors affecting LUTS among community-dwelling older adults, and provide basic data for a community-based LUTS management program. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to November 2010 by using a structured questionnaire. Participants were 157 individuals recruited from 5 community senior centers. Results: The mean LUTS score of the older adults was 9.4 (International Prostate Symptom Score range 0-35). For each LUTS (range 0-5), nocturia was the highest (2.3). Of all older adults, 24.8% had experienced urinary incontinence more than once a month during the past 6 months. Urinary incontinence was found to be an important factor associated with LUTS. Conclusion: A community-based management program for both LUTS and urinary incontinence in community-dwelling older adults should be implemented.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.522-530
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the effects of lower urinary tract symptoms on depression and quality of life among women in urban areas. Methods: The participants in this study were 306 women in P city. Data were collected using a questionnaire from May 1 to June 6, 2008. Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) were measured with BFLUTS-SF and categorized into voiding, filling and incontinence. The data were analyzed through t-test, one-way ANOVA, Fisher exact test, and multiple regression. Results: Age, filling and incontinence, and all of the subcategories of LUTS explained 16% of variance in depression. Older women, LUTS with incontinence, filling and incontinence, and all the problems including filling, voiding and incontinence lowered the quality of life. Conclusion: In order to develop nursing interventions for women with urinary tract symptoms, comprehensive understanding of LUTS is needed.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.141-148
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• 2006

Objectives : We wanted to evaluate the medical underutilization for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) among Korean elderly men and we wanted to determine their associated factors. Methods : This study was conducted on 239 men with LUTS and 116 men with BPH who were compatible with the diagnostic criteria from a total of 641 participants. These participants were over 50 years old and they were randomly chosen in a community-based study for estimating the prevalence of BPH. Using a self-reported questionnaire, we surveyed the sociodemographics, health status, quality of life, lower urinary tract symptoms, medical utilization and reasons for not seeking treatment. Results : Only 27.6% of the men with LUTS and 31.0% of the men with BPH reported having visited a doctor for urinary symptoms. The reasons for not visiting a doctor were, in order of responses from the group with LUTS: 'considered the symptoms as a part of the normal ageing process', 'not enough time to visit a doctor', 'financial difficulty' and 'the symptoms were not severe or bothersome'. Regarding BPH, the responses were the same as those of the group with LUTS however, 'financial difficulty' placed second. Among the men with experience of visiting a doctor for urinary symptoms, 33.3% of those with LUTS and 28.1% of those with BPH were not treated. The most common reason in both groups was 'the symptoms were not severe to be treated'. On a multiple logistic regression analysis, the larger size household (odds ratio (OR) 3.03, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.40-6.54) and an unsatisfactory quality of life related with urinary symptoms (OR 2.98, 95% CI=1.23-7.21) were associated with medical utilization in the group of LUTS. For BPH, the current employment status was related with the medical utilization (OR 2.80, 95% CI=1.10-7.11), in addition to the larger size household (OR 3.24, 95% CI=1.14-9.21). Conclusions : Many men with urinary symptoms do not visit a doctor. This medical underutilization for people with LUTS and BPH may be associated with economic status in Korea.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.303-310
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to find out lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTSs), self-management and quality of life (QOL) in middle aged men and to investigate how these factors are correlated with one another. Methods: The participants in this study were 217 men in G City. Data were collected using a questionnaire from October 23 to November 11, 2009. LUTSs were measured by IPSS, self-management by a self-management Likert scale, and QOL by the Korean-version WHOQOL-BREF. The collected data were analyzed through chi-square test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: LUTS categories divided according to severity were none (10%), mild (57%), moderate (28%), and severe (5%). The mean score of self-management was 3.14 and that of QOL was 3.27. Self-management and QOL were significantly different according to LUTS. LUTS was negatively correlated with self-management and QOL. Self-management was positively correlated with QOL. Conclusion: In order to develop nursing interventions for middle aged men, comprehensive understanding of LUTS is needed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.287-297
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was done to examine the relationship of low urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), depression, sexual function, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and to identify factors influencing HRQoL in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) living in the community. Methods: A total of 218 patients with BPH were recruited into the study. The data were collected by personal interviews using questionnaires and were analyzed with SPSS (version 17.0) computer program, and included descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression analysis. Results: The relationship between HRQoL and LUTS with depression had a significant negative correlation, whereas the relationship between HRQoL and sexual function had a significant positive correlation. Depression, age, LUTS, number of chronic disease, and excercise were found to be significant predictors (35.6%) of the Physical Component Summary of HRQoL. Depression, stress, smoking, LUTS, and sexual function were found to be significant predictors (48.2%) of the Mental Component Summary of HRQoL. Conclusion: To improve HRQoL of patients with BPH, nurses should focus on the factors identified in this study when doing nursing assessments, and should develop nursing intervention programs for BPH prevention and symptoms management in primary care settings.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.131-138
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• 2018

This work describes a binary image based fast Difference of Gaussian (DoG) filter using zero-dimensional (0-d) convolution and state machine look up tables (LUTs) for image and video stitching hardware platforms. The proposed approach for using binary images to obtain DoG filtering can significantly reduce the data size compared to conventional gray scale based DoG filters, yet binary images still preserve the key features of the image such as contours, edges, and corners. Furthermore, the binary image based DoG filtering can be realized with zero-dimensional convolution and state machine LUTs which eliminates the major portion of the adder and multiplier blocks that are generally used in conventional DoG filter hardware engines. This enables fast computation time along with the data size reduction which can lead to compact and low power image and video stitching hardware blocks. The proposed DoG filter using binary images has been implemented with a FPGA (Altera DE2-115), and the results have been verified.