• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.8-19
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• 2019

Since their emergence in 2007, smart phones have advanced up to the point that 5G mobile communication in 2019 started to be commercialized. Accordingly, now it is possible to share 3D modeling files and collaborate by means of a mobile web. As the recently commercialized 5G mobile communication network is so useful in sharing 3D modeling files and collaborating that even large-size geometry files can be transmitted at ultra high speed with ultra low transfer delay. We examines characteristics of major 3D file formats such as STL, OBJ, FBX, and glTF and compares the existing 4G LTE (Long Term Evolution) network with the 5G NR (New Radio) mobile communication network. The loading time and packets of each format were measured depending on the mobile web browser environments. We shows that in comparison with 4G LTE, the loading time of STL and OBJ file formats were reduced as much as 6.55 sec and 9.41 sec, respectively in the 5G NR and Chrome browsers. The glTF file format showed the most efficient performance in all of the 4G/5G mobile communication networks, Chrome, and Edge browsers. In the case of STL and OBJ, the traffic was relatively excessive in 5G NR and Edge browsers. The findings of this study are expected to be utilized to develop a 3D file format that reduces the loading time in a mobile web environment.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.1257-1264
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• 2015

With the successful deployment of 4G mobile communications such as Long-Term Evolution(: LTE), global leading countries including Europe, China, and Japan have been made an effort to take the lead in technology, standardization, and market with targeting the commercialization of 5G mobile communication in 2020. In order to judge the future evolution of a 5G mobile communication system, this paper discusses the comprehensive trends and the requirements set by each countries for the 5G mobile communication systems.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.59-63
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• 2012

The mVoIP service is the technology which focuses on the wireless data service as the IP network having the transmission rate of 100 Mbps classes on the high-speed middle of movement through the WiFi, WiBro and 3G mobile radio communication network, and etc. and is developed. Since 2010, the mVoIP (mobile VoIP) service shows the rapid growth due to 4G-LTE service seriously disclosed from July with the Smart phone and 2,011 it begins to be rapidly popularized. In this research, additionally the mVoIP service industry activation plan is presented with the trends of technology development including the chip-set/module/terminal, etc. based upon local and foreign market trend searchlight through the market demand analysis. The mVoIP service downloads App to the mobile apparatus and or can provide the service as the software through the WiFi network. Therefore, the change which is large in the products development aspect is to be have no. Expected to is being provided as the added service in the case of 4G-LTE as a matter of course, the service deployment where it is based on the market principle and demand needs is needed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.606-609
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• 2015

Lawful Interception (LI)이란 합법적인 형태의 통신내용 및 관련 정보의 수집활동을 말한다. 최근의 4G LTE 기반의 이 기종 통신망에서의 합법적 감청은 전통적인 유선 및 3G 네트워크 중심의 감청기법 이외의 새로운 기법과 표준이 필요한 실정이다. 특히, LTE와 같이 User Equipment (UE)가 네트워크상에서 핸드오버를 통해 자유롭게 이동하거나, 3G와 같은 이 기종 망에서의 연결을 포함한 다른 사업자의 새로운 지역에서의 네트워크 연결이 보장되는 형태의 환경에서의 연속적 감청을 보장하는 것은 합법적 감청분야의 중요한 이슈중의 하나이다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 국내의 4G-LTE망을 중심으로 기존의 3G 망을 자유롭게 이동하는 네트워크 도메인과 IMS/SIP 기반의 서버의 연속성을 보장하는 서비스 도메인 영역에서의 합법적 감청 기법을 제안한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 기법은 이 기종 무선망과 유선망이 혼재된 네트워크에서의 IMS/SIP 기반 서비스의 이동성을 감지하여 합법적 감청의 연속성을 보장하기 위한 기법을 포함하고 있다.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.144-156
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• 2010

기존 2G/3G 무선 네트워크에서 많은 네트워크 요소들과 관련된 파라미터들이 수동으로 설정되었다. 네트워크 구성 요소들과 이와 관련된 파라미터들의 설계, 설정, 통합 및 관리 기능은 효율적이고 신뢰성 있는 네트워크 운용을 위하여 매우 중요하다. 그러나, 이들 네트워크 파라미터 조정에는 전문적인 엔지니어의 수작업이 필요하다. 이러한 수작업 과정은 시간이 많이 걸리고 잠재적으로 수작업에 따른 오류 발생 가능성이 있다. 이동 통신 시스템에서 펨토셀 및 차세대 4G 도입이 가시화됨에 따라, 기지국의 설치 및 운용 과정에서 Self-Configuration, Self-Optimization 및 Self-Healing과 같은 자동화 기능을 포함하는 SON 기술에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 본 고에서는 LTE에서의 SON 기술 관련 주요 기술적 내용을 정리하고, 표준화 동향 및 업체 기술 동향에 대하여 살펴보고자 한다.

• Information and Communications Magazine
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.57-63
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• 2008

본고에서는 고품질/고속 멀티미디어 서비스 제공을 목표로 2012년 상용화를 예상하고 있고, 4세대 이동통신 시장의 대표 후보 기술로 거론되고 있는 3GPP LTE 시스템의 Layer2 기술 동향을 알아본다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.2668-2717
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• 2021

Demands for high-speed wireless data services grow rapidly. It is a big challenge to increasing the network capacity operating on licensed spectrum resources. Unlicensed spectrum cellular networks have been proposed as a solution in response to severe spectrum shortage. Licensed Assisted Access (LAA) was standardized by 3GPP, aiming to deliver data services through unlicensed 5 GHz spectrum. Furthermore, the 3GPP proposed 5G New Radio-Unlicensed (NR-U) study item. On the other hand, artificial intelligence (AI) has attracted enormous attention to implement 5G and beyond systems, which is known as Intelligent Radio (IR). To tackle the challenges of unlicensed spectrum networks in 4G/5G/B5G systems, a lot of works have been done, focusing on using Machine Learning (ML) to support resource allocation in LTE-LAA/NR-U and Wi-Fi coexistence environments. Generally speaking, ML techniques are used in IR based on statistical models established for solving specific optimization problems. In this paper, we aim to conduct a comprehensive survey on the recent research efforts related to unlicensed cellular networks and IR technologies, which work jointly to implement 5G and beyond wireless networks. Furthermore, we introduce a positioning assisted LTE-LAA system based on the difference in received signal strength (DRSS) to allocate resources among UEs. We will also discuss some open issues and challenges for future research on the IR applications in unlicensed cellular networks.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.192-199
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• 2015

Heterogeneous cellular networks are gaining momentum in industry and the research community, and are attracting the attention of standard bodies such as 3GPP LTE and IEEE 802.16j, whose objectives are to increase the capacity and coverage of cellular networks. In this article, we provide an overview of expansion strategies, optimal locations of base stations with different characteristics, and radio-planning models.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.579-603
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• 2018

In this paper we propose a QoS-enhanced intelligent stochastic optimal fair real-time packet scheduler, QUEST, for 4G LTE traffic in routers. The objective of this research is to maximize the system QoS subject to the constraint that the processor utilization is kept nearly at 100 percent. The QUEST has following unique advantages. First, it solves the challenging problem of starvation for low priority process - buffered streaming video and TCP based; second, it solves the major bottleneck of the scheduler Earliest Deadline First's failure at heavy loads. Finally, QUEST offers the benefit of arbitrarily pre-programming the process utilization ratio.Three classes of multimedia 4G LTE QCI traffic, conversational voice, live streaming video, buffered streaming video and TCP based applications have been considered. We analyse two most important QoS metrics, packet loss rate (PLR) and mean waiting time. All claims are supported by discrete event and Monte Carlo simulations. The simulation results show that the QUEST scheduler outperforms current state-of-the-art benchmark schedulers. The proposed scheduler offers 37 percent improvement in PLR and 23 percent improvement in mean waiting time over the best competing current scheduler Accuracy-aware EDF.

• Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.168-176
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• 2013

Long-term evolution (LTE) is emerging as a major candidate for 4G cellular networks to satisfy the increasing demands for mobile broadband services, particularly multimedia delivery. Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology combined with orthogonal frequency division multiple access and more efficient modulation/coding schemes (MCS) are key physical layer technologies in LTE networks. However, in order to fully utilize the benefits of the advances in physical layer technologies, the MIMO configuration and MCS need to be dynamically adjusted to derive the promised gains of 4G at the application level. This paper provides a performance evaluation of video traffic with variations in the physical layer transmission parameters to suit the varying channel conditions. A quantitative analysis is provided using the perceived video quality as a video quality measure (evaluated using no-reference blocking and blurring metrics), as well as transmission delay. Experiments are performed to measure the performance with changes in modulation and code rates in poor and good channel conditions. We discuss how an adaptive scheme can optimize the performance over a varying channel.