• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.49-56
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• 2019

In this paper, we propose an efficient congestion control scheme for interworking between 5GS(5G system) and LTE(Long-Term Evolution), called ECC(Efficient Congestion Control). The proposed congestion control scheme (ECC) is considered for coexistence of 5GS and legacy LTE systems and provides a prompt service connectivity based on overriding method while the backoff timer is running in the UE. Also, we briefly introduce Rel-15 5GS from a congestion control perspective and the proposed ECC and simulation results for the existing legacy congestion control mechanism and ECC in the 5GS-LTE coexisting environment are presented. Lastly, the improvement direction is considered in future 3GPP 5GS phase 2 standard in this paper.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 2012

LTE/SAE has presented the handover key management to revoke the compromised keys and to isolate corrupted network devices. In this paper, we identify that the handover key management is vulnerable to de-synchronization attacks, which is jeopardizing the forward secrecy of handover key management. Also, an adversary could prevent the UE from creating the secure link with eNodeB, which is delaying the handover procedure. In this paper, we present a counrermeasure to prevent above attacks, and analyze the performance issues of the proposed protocol.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.3A
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• pp.215-222
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• 2011

In this paper, we propose a power control scheme for effective serving cell selection in Relay environment of 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) LTE (Long Tenn Evolution)-Advanced system. A conventional serving cell selection scheme which does not use channel states of backhaul link has a problem that this scheme does not select serving cell supporting maximum throughput. Also, conventional proposed serving cell selection schemes that eNB or RN transmits channel states of backhaul link have problems that conventional schemes need to additional data transmission, serving cell selection process complexity is increased because UE considers channel states of backhaul link, and received signal is degraded because strong interference which is transmission signal from RN. Therefore, for solve these problems, we propose power control scheme that RN control transmission power according to received SINR (Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio) of backhaul link. By extensive computer simulation, we verify that the power control Relay scheme is attractive and suitable for the Relay environment.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.32-42
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• 2015

In this paper, we considered the scenario that one cellular link and muti-D2D links share the same frequency resource which can improve the spectrum efficiency during uplink communication in LTE (Long Term Evolution)-Advanced network. In order to reduce the interference caused to the D2D users, we set DME (Discovery and Management Entity) which can send the area information to eNB(evolved Node B). We proposed a resource allocation scheme by using these assistant devices to reduce the interference that CUE (Cellular User Equipment) causes to DUE Rx (D2D UE Receiver). Basing on the area information, in order to mitigate the interference among the D2D pairs which share the same frequency resource, a power control scheme has been proposed. The simulation results prove that by using the DMEs, the proposed schemes improve the stability of D2D communication and bring the highest performance of the communication system when comparing to the other different schemes.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38A no.12
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• pp.1045-1053
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• 2013

In this paper, we propose a new power-saving mechanism (PSM) for Long-Term Evolution (LTE) systems by considering a round-trip delay between a user equipment (UE) and its correspondence node. The proposed PSM changes the order of the operational procedures of the legacy LTE PSM by taking the traffic arrival pattern suffering the round-trip delay into account. After modeling the round-trip delay, we numerically analyze the proposed PSM with respect to energy consumption and buffering delay. Then, we characterize these performances by employing a simple energy-delay tradeoff (EDT) curve according to the operational parameters. The resulting EDT curve clearly shows that the proposed PSM outperforms the legacy LTE PSM in terms of both the energy consumption and buffering delay.

• Annual Conference of KIPS
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.426-429
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• 2015

최근 급격히 증가한 모바일 기기로 인하여 발생되는 데이터/제어 트래픽은 LTE/EPC 네트워크에서 중앙에 과다한 트래픽 수용문제가 중요 이슈로 부각되고 있다. 기존의 Centralized Mobility Management(CMM) 기반의 LTE/EPC 네트워크에서 Mobility Anchor 역할을 수행하는 Packet Data Network Gateway (P-GW)에서는 데이터 트래픽 과부하가 발생한다. 또한 Distributed Mobility Management (DMM) 기반의 LTE/EPC 네트워크에서 분산된 Mobility Anchor 역할을 수행하는 PDN Edge Gateway (P-EGW)에서는 제어 트래픽의 과부하가 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 CMM 기반과 DMM 기반을 결합한 새로운 Software Defined Network (SDN) 기반의 LTE/EPC 네트워크 이동성 관리 기법을 제안한다. 이를 위하여, P-EGW를 네트워크 내에 분산 배치하고 중앙에 P-GW를 배치한다. SDN 컨트롤러는 EPC의 역할도 수행하며 UE의 이동성에 따라 적절한 CMM 기법과 DMM 기법을 이용하도록 하는 기법을 제안한다. 또한, 제안하는 새로운 LTE/EPC 네트워크 구조와 기존의 CMM기반의 LTE/EPC 네트워크 구조, DMM 기반의 LTE/EPC 네트워크 구조를 핸드오버 지연시간과 데이터 전송시간 측면에서 성능 비교 분석을 한다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.451-455
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• 2014

In LTE (Long Term Evolution)/LTE-A (Long Term Evolution-Advanced) networks, hierarchical macro/femto-cell structure is adopted to enhance system capacity. Such a femto-cell is deployed as a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG) eNB. However, the inbound handover to CSG cell experiences longer delay than normal handover because it spends more time detecting the associated CSG cells due to its sparse deployment. Most of all the legacy UEs (User Equipments) have been implemented without considering the inbound CSG handover. Accordingly, they may not meet the performance requirements on the cell discovery described in the LTE/LTE-A standards. Therefore, in this paper, the performance of the CSG femto-cell detection is evaluated using computer simulation. The evaluation results will provide a basis to tackle the latency problem of inbound CSG handover.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.2261-2269
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• 2017

The current LTE network system provides service by locally allocating eNodeB to the EPC(Evolved Packet Core). However, it is not suitable for inter-node communication based on the distributed network environment. In this paper, we propose an integrated system by configuring E-UTRAN and EPC as All-In-One type to enable service in each distributed node. M2M UE is mounted on a each node for wireless In-band backhaul link. The integrated node provides inter-node communication over the wireless in-band backhaul link. If a normal UE moves and an access node changes in the system all entities of LTE integrated into one, it is necessary to change the P-GW which is IP anchor. In order to support the inter-node mobility even if P-GW is changed, We defined UPFE(User Packet Forwarding Extension) scheme and implemented the handover procedure of EPC. Also, we analyze the cell range of the integrated LTE system with the addition of the node and compare the handover delay with the current system.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 2019

In LTE environment, which is 4th generation mobile communication systems, there is concern about private information exposure by transmitting initial identifier in plain text. This paper suggest mutual authentication protocol, which uses one-time password utilizing challenge-response and AES-based Milenage key generation algorithm, as solution for safe initial identification communication, preventing unique identification information leaking. Milenage key generation algorithm has been used in LTE Security protocol for generating Cipher key, Integrity key, Message Authentication Code. Performance analysis evaluates the suitability of LTE Security protocol and LTE network by comparing LTE Security protocol with proposed protocol about algorithm operation count and Latency.Thus, this paper figures out initial identification communication's weak points of currently used LTE security protocol and complements in accordance with traditional protocol. So, it can be applied for traditional LTE communication on account of providing additional confidentiality to initial identifier.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.7
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• pp.2389-2413
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• 2015

High data rates in long-term evolution (LTE) networks can affect the mobility of networks and their performance. The speed and motion of user equipment (UE) can compromise seamless connectivity. However, a proper handover (HO) decision can maintain quality of service (QoS) and increase system throughput. While this may lead to an increase in complexity and operational costs, self-optimization can enhance network performance by improving resource utilization and user experience and by reducing operational and capital expenditure. In this study, we propose the self-optimization of HO parameters based on fuzzy logic control (FLC) and multiple preparation (MP), which we name FuzAMP. Fuzzy logic control can be used to control self-optimized HO parameters, such as the HO margin and time-to-trigger (TTT) based on multiple criteria, viz HO ping pong (HOPP), HO failure (HOF) and UE speeds. A MP approach is adopted to overcome the hard HO (HHO) drawbacks, such as the large delay and unreliable procedures caused by the break-before-make process. The results of this study show that the proposed method significantly reduces HOF, HOPP, and packet loss ratio (PLR) at various UE speeds compared to the HHO and the enhanced weighted performance HO parameter optimization (EWPHPO) algorithms.