• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.315-329
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• 2014

In order to analyze the Land Surface Temperature (LST) in metropolitan area including Seoul, Landsat and MODIS land surface temperature, Automatic Weather Station (AWS) temperature, digital elevation model and landuse are used. Analysis method among the Landsat and MODIS LST and AWS temperature is basic statistics using by correlation coefficient, root-mean-square error and linear regression etc. Statistics of Landsat and MODIS LST are a correlation coefficient of 0.32 and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 4.61 K, respectively. And statistics of Landsat and MODIS LST and AWS temperature have the correlations of 0.83 and 0.96 and the RMSE of 3.28 K and 2.25 K, respectively. Landsat and MODIS LST have relatively high correlation with AWS temperature, and the slope of the linear regression function have 0.45 (Landsat) and 1.02 (MODIS), respectively. Especially, Landsat 5 has lower correlation about 0.5 or less in entire station, but Landsat 8 have a higher correlation of 0.5 or more despite of lower match point than other satellites. Landsat 7 have highly correlation of more than 0.8 in the center of Seoul. Correlation between satellite LSTs and AWS temperature with landuse (urban and rural) have 0.8 or higher. Landsat LST have correlation of 0.84 and RMSE of more than 3.1 K, while MODIS LST have correlation of more than 0.96 and RMSE of 2.6 K. Consequently, the difference between the LSTs by two satellites have due to the difference in the optical observation and detection the radiation generated by the difference in the area resolution.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.435-452
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• 2016

Land Surface Temperature (LST) has been operationally retrieved from the Communication, Ocean, and Meteorological Satellite (COMS) data by the spilt-window method (CSW_v2.0) developed by Cho et al. (2015). Although the CSW_v2.0 retrieved the LST with a reasonable quality compared to the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) LST data, it showed a relatively poor performance for the strong inversion and lapse rate conditions. To solve this problem, the LST retrieval algorithm (CSW_v2.0) was updated using the simulation results of radiative transfer model (MODTRAN 4.0) by considering the diurnal variations of air temperature. In general, the upgraded version, CSW_v3.0 showed a similar correlation coefficient between the prescribed LSTs and retrieved LSTs (0.99), the relatively smaller bias (from -0.03 K to-0.012 K) and the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) (from 1.39 K to 1.138 K). Particularly, CSW_v3.0 improved the systematic problems of CSW_v2.0 that were encountered when temperature differences between LST and air temperature are very large and/or small (inversion layers and superadiabatic lapse rates), and when the brightness temperature differences and surface emissivity differences were large. The bias and RMSE of CSW_v2.0 were reduced by 10-30% in CSW_v3.0. The indirect validation results using the MODIS LST data showed that CSW_3.0 improved the retrieval accuracy of LST in terms of bias (from -0.629 K to -0.049 K) and RMSE (from 2.537 K to 2.502 K) compared to the CSW_v2.0.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.330-340
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was performed to identify the level of Korean elderly's knowledge regarding concepts of end-of-life (EOL), Life-sustaining-treatment (LST), and advance directives (AD) which are critical aspects for establishing AD in Korean society. Methods: A questionnaire survey was done between October 2011 and February 2012. Knowledge of AD was evaluated with 3 aspects including EOL, LST, and AD utilizing a questionnaire that was developed by authors for the study. Data were collected from 268 community dwelling elderly from three cities and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, and a Scheffe post hoc test with SAS Ver. 9.1 program. Results: Overall, Korean elderly were poorly acquainted with AD related concepts. Significant differences in awareness of AD including understanding of EOL, the level of comprehension of LST, and knowledge about AD were revealed by gender, education level, economic state, and acquaintance with terms of AD or LST. Conclusion: To acknowledge autonomy and support quality of life for elderly and to meet the purpose of AD, attention should be given to target populations including elderly in terms of knowledge level related to AD, social marketing, and infra structure relevant to practice AD in our society.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.417-422
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• 2001

The vertical structure of atmosphere was observed In investigate the variation of surface ozone concentration by vertical downward mixing of residual ozone in the atmospheric boundary layer at the Busan coastal area. Airsonde and pilot balloon measurements were made at Gamcheondong and the Kimhae airport for April 26~27, 1996. The vertical potential of potential temperature showed a residual layer between 510m and 1800m from 2100LST April 26 to 0900LST April 27. The downward mixing of ozone in the residual layer of the atmospheric boundary layer was confirmed from vertical profile of mixing ratio near 600m in the morning. The thickness of the sea breeze layer was 900m at 1500LST April 26. Thereafter, it become to be lowered with time A low level jet was measured near 900m at 0300LST on April 27 from a pibal measurement. Early morning sharp increase of surface ozone concentration at the Busan coastal area was caused by vertical downward mixing of ozone concentration rather than by photochemical reaction In the atmospheric boundary layer.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.115-123
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• 2008

Evapotranspiration mapping using both meteorological ground-based measurements and satellite-derived information has been widely studied during the last few decades and various methods have been developed for this purpose. It is significant and necessary to estimate regional evapotranspiration (ET) distribution in the hydrology and water resource research. The study focused on analyzing the surface ET of Chungbuk region using Landsat 7 ETM imagery. For this process, we estimated the regional daily evapotranspiration on May 8, 2000. The estimation of surface evapotranspiration is based on the relationship between Temperature Vegetation Dryness Index (TVDI) and Morton's actual ET. TVDI is the relational expression between Normalized Difference of Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Land Surface Temperature (LST). The distribution of NDVI corresponds well with that of land-use/land cover in Chungbuk. The LST of several part of city in Chungbuk region is higher in comparison with the averaged LST. And TVDI corresponds too well with that of land cover/land use in Chungbuk region. The low evapotranspiration availability is distinguished over the large city like Cheongju-si, Chungju-si and the difference of evapotranspiration availability on forest and paddy is high.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.290-293
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• 2007

The land surface temperature (LST) derived from the meteorological satellite can be used to investigate the urban heat island (UHI) and its temporal variations. In this study, we developed LST retrieval algorithm from MTSAT-1R by means of a statistical regression analysis from radiative transfer simulations using MODTRAN 4 for a wide range of atmospheric, satellite viewing angle (SVA) and lapse rate conditions. 535 sets of thermodynamic initial guess retrieval (TIGR) were used for the radiative transfer simulations. Sensitivity and intercomparison results showed that the algorithm, developed in this study, estimated the LST with a similar bias and root mean square errors to that of other algorithms. The magnitude, spatial extent, and seasonal and diurnal variations of the UBI of Korean peninsula were well demonstrated by the LST derived from MTSAT-1R data. In general, the temporal variations of UHI clearly depend on the weather conditions and geographic environment of urban.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.632-635
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• 2011

Additions (ZnO, CuO) doped $0.98(Na_{0.5}K_{0.5})NbO_3-0.02Li(Sb_{0.17}Ta_{0.83})O_3$ (0.98NKN-0.02LST-x) lead free piezoelectric ceramics have been fabricated by ordinary sintering technique. The effects of additions doping on the dielectric, piezoelectric, and ferroelectric properties of the ceramics were mainly investigated. X-ray diffraction of the sample appeared orthorhombic phase. The specimen doped with additions exhibits enhanced electrical properties ($d_{33}$= 153 pC/N). These results indicate that the 0.98NKN-0.02LST-x ceramics is a promising candidate for lead-free piezoelectric ceramics for applications such as piezoelectric actuators, harmonic oscillator and so on.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.939-950
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• 2015

Wave-induced Longshore Sediment Transport (LST) play an important role in the dynamics of the Dhanushkodi sandspit located southeast of Rameshwaram. The LST along the Dhanushkodi coast is studied based on data collected simultaneously in Gulf of Mannar (GoM) and Palk Bay (PB) using directional waverider buoys. The numerical model REF/DIF1 was used to calculate the nearshore waves and the LST rate was estimated using three different formulae. The model validation was done based on the measured nearshore waves using InterOcean S4DW. Numerical model LITPACK was also used for simulating non-cohesive sediment transport and the LITLINE module was used to study the shoreline evolution over 5 years. Low net annual LST along PB (${\sim}0.01{\times}10^6m^3$) compared to the GoM region ($0.3{\times}10^6m^3$) were due to the weak waves. Accretion in the region led to growth of the Dhanushkodi sandspit by 65 m during the period 2010-2015.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.127-137
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• 2022

Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect has been widely studied as a global concern of the 21st century. Heat generation from urban built-up structures and anthropogenic heat sources are the main factors to create UHIs. Unfortunately, both factors are expanding rapidly in Lahore and accelerating UHI effects. The effects of UHI are expanding with the expansion of impermeable surfaces towards urban green areas. Therefore, this study was arranged to analyze the role of urban cooling intensity in reducing urban heat island effects. For this purpose, 15 parks were selected to analyze their effects on the land surface temperature (LST) of Lahore. The study obtained two images of Landsat-8 based on seasons: the first of June-2018 for summer and the second of November-2018 for winter. The LST of the study area was calculated using the radiative transfer equation (RTE) method. The results show that the theme parks have the largest cooling effect while the linear parks have the lowest. The mean park LST and PCI of the samples are also positively correlated with the fractional vegetation cover (FVC) and normalized difference water index (NDWI). So, it is concluded that urban parks play a positive role in reducing and mitigating LST and UHI effects. Therefore, it is suggested that the increase of vegetation cover should be used to develop impervious surfaces and sustainable landscape planning.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.99-110
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• 2023

Land surface temperature (LST) is a critical environmental indicator affected by land cover (LC) changes. Currently, the most convenient and fastest way to retrieve LST is to use remote sensing images due to their continuous monitoring of the Earth's surface. The work intended to investigate land cover change and temperature response inAn-Najaf province. Landsat multispectral imageries acquired inAugust 1989, 2004, and 2021 were employed to estimate land cover change and LST responses. The findings exhibited an increase in water bodies, built-up areas, plantations, and croplands by 7.78%, 7.27%, 6.98%, 3.24%, and 7.78%, respectively, while bare soil decreased by 25.27% for the period (1989-2021). This indicates a transition from barren lands to different land cover types. The contribution index (CI) was employed to depict how changes in land cover categories altered mean region surface temperatures. The highest LSTs recorded were in bare lands (42.2℃, 44.25℃, and 46.9℃), followed by built-up zones (41.6℃, 43.96℃, and 44.89℃), cropland (30.9℃, 32.96℃, and 34.76℃), plantations (35.4℃, 36.97℃, and 38.92℃), and water bodies (27.3℃, 29.35℃, and 29.68℃) respectively, in 1989, 2004, and 2021. Consequently, these changes resulted in significant variances in LST between different LC types.