• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.956-962
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• 2005

Leishmania virus (LRV)1-4 has been reported to produce a fusion of ORF2 and ORF3 via a programmed +1 frameshift in the region where ORF2 and ORF3 overlap (Lee et a/., 1996). However, the exact frameshift site has not been identified. In this study, we compared the frameshift efficiency of a 259bp (nt. 2565-2823), frameshift region of LRV1-4, and the 71 bp (nt. 2605-2678) sub-region where ORF2 and ORF3 overlap. We then predicted the frameshift site using a new computer program (Pseudoviewer), and finally identified the specific region associated with the mechanism of the LRV1-4's+1 frameshift by means of a mutational analysis based on the predicted structure of LRV1-4 RNA. The predicted structure was confirmed by biochemical analysis. In order to measure the frameshift efficiency, constructs that generate luciferase without a frameshift or with a+1 frameshift, were generated and in vitro transcription/translation analysis was performed. Measurements of the luciferase activity generated, showed that the frameshift efficiency was about $1\%$ for both the 259bp (LRV1-4 259FS) and 71 bp region (LRV1-4 71FS). Luciferase activity was strongly reduced in a mutant (LRV1-4 NH: nt. 2635-2670) with the entire hairpin deleted and in a mutant (LRV1-4 NUS: nt. 2644-2659) with the upper stem of the hairpin deleted. These results indicate that the frameshift site in LRV1-4's is in the 71 bp region where ORF2 and ORF3 overlap, and that nt. 2644-2659 (the upward hairpin stem) playa key role in generating the +1 frameshift.

• 에너지공학
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.40-44
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• 2015

중수로 일차냉각재계통 액체방출밸브의 개방압력에 대한 안전여유 및 시간지연을 반영하여 열수력코드로 경년열화가 반영된 노심에 대해 민감도를 평가하였다. 과거에는 안전해석을 수행할 때 안전여유와 시간지연을 반영하여 평가하지 않았으나, 월성1호기 안전해석 인허가 심사과정중 반영 평가하였다. 중수로 안전해석에서 압력경계는 일차냉각재계통 액체방출밸브이다. 따라서 액체방출밸브 응동이 안전해석에 직접적인 영향을 주므로 안전여유와 시간지연 부가가 안전해석 결과에 미치는 영향을 파악하고 해석에 반영하기 위해 일차냉각재계통 과압이 걸리는 사고들에 대해 평가하였다.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.213-218
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• 2006

Purpose : Nutcracker syndrome refers to compression of the left renal vein(LRV) between the aorta and superior mesenteric artery(SMA) that results in elevation of pressure in the LRV and development of collateral veins. It must be considered as a possible factor when hematuria or proteinuria occurs in a healthy child. The purpose of this study is to determine the time to spontaneous resolution in childhood nutcracker syndrome, and to observe whether this is affected by sex, age, proteinuria or initial ratio of peak velocity of LRV. Methods : We investigated 26 patients who were found to have spontaneous resolution by follow-up Doppler ultrasonography among 117 patients diagnosed with nutcracker syndrome by renal Doppler ultrasonography from May 2001 to December 2005. We determined the time to spontaneous resolution in childhood nutcracker syndrome, and observed whether the duration was affected by sex, age, proteinuria or initial ratio of peak velocity. Results : 26 patients(59%) achieved spontaneous resolution by 1.2 years(mean). The time to spontaneous resolution of childhood nutcracker syndrome in 26 patients was $16.71{\pm}9.99$ months(range 6.0-49.2). The time to spontaneous resolution was not affected by sex, age, proteinuria nor initial ratio of peak velocity of LRV. Conclusion : More than half of the patients who were diagnosed by renal Doppler ultrasonography achieved spontaneous resolution. The time to spontaneous resolution was not affected by sex, age, proteinuria nor initial ratio of peak velocity of LRV.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.519-534
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• 2008

The Maglev travels at levitated status from the rail in some gab (about $8\sim10mm$). it make difference with the existing subway or the another LRV. The detection method of the train speed and the train position to be used at Maglev's signaling system differ with the existing subway or the another LRV's. so, the signal system construction of the new method is necessary. This paper describes the configuration and characteristic of the total signaling system (TTC/Wayside/Cab/Guide way system etc.) developed for Maglev, and the design concept of the signaling system based on the latest wireless LAN communication for driverless operation.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 1998년도 창립기념 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.466-473
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• 1998

LRV(Light Rail Vehicle) is one of the most useful way for urban transit. HDPIC has designed and manufactured the LRV train set for Manila Line 1 expansion. The LRV is composed of two carbody sections which are coupled by a articulated bogie. The articulated bogie and two motorized bogies have slewing rings in order to improve the curving performance and ride quality. Carbody structures are mainly made of low-carbon stainless steel (STS301L), and the carbody bolsters and draft sills are made of rolled steel for welded structures. The authority's specifications specified the design load conditions and weight limits. Design load conditions are vertical load, compressive load and diagonal jacking, and the maximum axle load is 10.7 ton. In order to meet those requirements, the stiffness and strength of carbody structure were predicted using finite element analysis during design stage. The half or full structure is modeled and analyzed with design load conditions, and critical areas are analysed in detail using sub-modeling method. The strength and strength of carbody structure was also verified by the load test. The analysis and test results show a good agreement.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.81-91
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• 2000

Dynamic models of line regulator valve(LRV) and ratio control valve (RCV) are obtained for an electronic controlled CVT. LRV and RCV are operated by variable force solenoid(VFS). Considering the CVT shift dynamics, oil pump's efficiency and saturation characteristics of VFS, simulations are performed and compared with test results. Simulation results are in good agreement with the experiments, which shows the validity of the dynamic models of LRV and RCV obtained. In addition, the effects of the orifice size in the exhaust port of RCV are investigated. Simulation results show that as the orifice size decreases, the residual pressure in the primary actuator increases which insures the large torque transmission capacity, meanwhile the duration time for the downshift increases.

• 연구논문집
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• 통권27호
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• pp.35-45
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• 1997

The dynamic design process for the articulated bogie of light rail vehicle(LRV) was studied to design a primary and secondary suspension elements. Suspension stiffness and damping is selected on the basis of the ride quality and suspension stroke trade-off. LRV was modeled as a 2 d.o.f linear system for the design of vertical suspension characteristics and a 4 d.o.f linear system for the design of lateral suspension characteristics. FRA's class-4-track irregularity was used for the exciting disturbance on track. The optimum value of primary and secondary suspension characteristics was determined using this design process.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2014

In this study, effects of alkali swelling at low concentration below 2 percent on properties of hardwood bleached kraft pulp (HwBKP) were elucidated. Swelling treatment of HwBKP was performed at various NaOH concentrations with/without beating. Then, the swelling characteristics of pulp fiber was evaluated by measuring the solvent retention values such as water retention value (WRV) and isopropyl alcohol retention value (LRV). It was found that fiber characteristics were influenced by NaOH swelling even at low alkali concentration and beating treatment as well. The values of WRV and LRV were decreased when the alkali concentration was increased. It is the result from the decreased acidic groups of pulp which were formed during beating. The acidic groups could be neutralized and then removed by alkali. The difference between WRV and LRV was decreased with increasing alkali concentration while the difference was increased when the alkali swollen pulp was beaten. In addition, the crystalline structure of HwBKP was almost not changed while the crystallinity was influenced by swelling treatment at a low alkali concentration.

• 에너지공학
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2016

월성 2,3,4호기의 비정상 운전 중 열수송계통의 과도변화해석이 수행되었다. 중수로에 대한 캐나다의 규제문서인 AECB R-77 요구조건에 대한 만족성을 평가하였다. 해석 결과 여러 비정상 운전시 과도변화에 의한 원자로 모관의 최고압력값은 ASME 코드의 제한치 이내로 만족되었다. 고압시 보호장치인 LRV의 영향은 미미한 것으로 나타났다.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.74-79
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• 2024

Purpose: To compare the Doppler sonographic findings of the left renal vein (LRV) of children diagnosed with nutcracker syndrome with and without orthostatic proteinuria. Methods: Fifty and 53 consecutive children with and without orthostatic proteinuria, respectively, underwent renal Doppler ultrasonography examinations. The peak velocity (PV) was measured at the hilar portion of the LRV and between the aorta and superior mesenteric artery. Renal Doppler ultrasonography findings and clinical data including urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPCR) were compared according to the presence or absence of orthostatic proteinuria. Results: Between the two groups, no significant differences were observed in terms of age or sex. The PV ratio between the aortomesenteric and hilar portions was 7.79±2.65 and 6.32±3.01 in children with and without orthostatic proteinuria, respectively (P=0.009). No significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of the UPCR in the first morning urine sample. However, the UPCR in the afternoon urine sample was significantly higher in children with orthostatic proteinuria than in those without orthostatic proteinuria (0.49±0.46 mg/mg vs. 0.11±0.04 mg/mg, P<0.001). Furthermore, the PV ratio between the aortomesenteric and hilar portions revealed a positive correlation with the ratio of UPCR of the afternoon to that of first morning urine samples (R=0.21, P=0.034). Conclusions: This study suggests that there can be a significant correlation of the PV ratio between the aortomesenteric and hilar portion of the LRV with orthostatic proteinuria in pediatric patients with nutcracker syndrome.