• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.121-130
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• 2016

Objectives : Recently, people who have normal brachial blood pressure(BP) are being threatened by high-risk disease such as stroke. The aim of this study is to suggest that new method to assess systemic circulation. It can be performed by analyzing optimal blood pulse wave on 3 sites belonging to subjects that have normal BP. Methods : We respectively extracted main peaks(h1) of optimal blood pulse wave on left/right temporal artery(LR1=h1), radial artery(LR2=h1) and dorsalis pedis artery(LR3=h1). We obtained h1 from 30 subjects who are discreetly chosen and have normal BP. Main peak(h1) can be extracted by using 3D pulse imaging analyser(DMP-1000+, DAEYOMEDI Co., Korea) that has 5-level pressure method. We analyzed the ratio of [LR1/LR2] and [LR3/LR2]. Results : In the case of male group, the results are [LR1/LR2=0.7100.177] and [LR3/LR2=0.9290.317]. In the case of female group, the results are [LR1/LR2=0.6680.121] and [LR3/LR2=0.7050.195]. Especially, it is statistically verified that the result of ratio [LR3/LR2] is much higher in male group than in female group(p<0.05). Conclusions : We suggested the standard ratio of [LR1/LR2] and [LR3/LR2] for normal subjects, respectively. It can be adopted as a new method to evaluate the systemic circulation.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제30권8호
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• pp.768-774
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• 2008

하수슬러지 고화물이 매립지에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위하여 모형매립조 실험을 수행하였다. 모형매립조는 총 3기를 제작하였으며, 충전물질은 퇴비와 사료, 모래를 각각 10 : 10 : 80으로 혼합하여 충전하였고, 복토재는 개발한 중성계 고화제로 하수 슬러지를 고화한 G고화물(LR1), 알칼리성 고화재로 고화한 A고화물(LR2), 마사토(LR3)로 하였다. 이를 30 $\pm$ 2$^{\circ}C$의 항온실에서 약450일 동안 운전한 결과 누적발생가스발생량과 VS성분에 따른 가스발생량, CO$_2$와 CH$_4$의 누적발생량은 LR2 > LR1 > LR3순 나타났다. 그리고 LR1, LR2, LR3의 COD$_{Cr}$변화를 살펴본 결과 LR1의 COD$_{Cr}$농도는 LR3와 같이 지속적으로 감소하는 것으로 나타나 G고화물은 침출수의 COD$_{Cr}$에는 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. LR2는 250일경 재슬러리화되어 COD$_{Cr}$농도가 증가하고 있다. 그리고 T-N, T-P농도에 있어서도 LR3의 농도가 높은 것으로 보아, 하수슬러지고화물 복토에 의한 침출수의 T-N, T-P에는 영향이 미미한 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.28-36
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• 2018

Background: This study investigated the effects of acupuncture at Sobu (HT8) and Haenggan (LR2) on scopolamine-induced, cognitively impaired rats. Methods: Scopolamine-treated Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups; normal, control, HT8, LR2, HT8 + LR2 and sham group. Cognitive impairment was induced by scopolamine, in control, and then in HT8, LR2, HT8 + LR2 and sham groups. Acupuncture treatment was performed at HT8, LR2, HT8 + LR2, and a random acupoint, respectively, every other day for 2 weeks. After each treatment, behavior change was observed and the rats were sacrificed. The change in brain-derived neurotrophic factor, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activity was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction. Results: Latency time to target in Morris Water-Maze test for the HT8 + LR2 group showed a significant decrease compared with control (p<0.05). Target crossing times and time zone ratios in Morris Water-Maze test for HT8 + LR2 group showed a significant increase compared with control (p<0.01). In the Y-Maze test the HT8 + LR2 group showed a significant increase compared with control (p<0.05). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase, in the HT8 + LR2 group, showed a significantly increased level compared with control (p<0.05). Neural activity of acetylcholine esterase in HT8 + LR2 group showed a significant decrease compared with the control group (p<0.01), choline acetyltransferase activity in the HT8 + LR2 group showed a significant increase compared with control (p<0.05). Conclusion: Acupuncture at HT8 + LR2 restored scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment, suggesting acupuncture could be an alternative to improve cognitive function.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.190-200
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• 2003

Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine influences by the order, Reduction and Reinforcement in Acupuncture on cerebral hemodynamics [regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) and mean arterial blood pressure(MABP)] in normal rats. Methods: This experiments was to to investigate eath other changes of rCBF and MABP at Xingjian(LR2)(1st) Shaofu(HT8)(2nd) Reduction, Xingjian(LR2)(1st) Shaofu(HT8)(2nd) Reinforcement, Shaofu(HT8)(1st) Xingjian(LR2)(2st) Reduction and Shaofu(HT8)(1st) Xingjian(LR2)(2st) Reduction in Acupuncture. Results: 1. LR2(1st) HT8(2nd) Reduction in Acupuncture was decreased rCBF and MABP in compared with normal condition. 2. LR2(1st) HT8(2nd) Reinforcement in Acupuncture was significantly decreased rCBF, and was decreased MABP in compared with normal condition. 3. HT8(1st) LR2(2st) Reduction in Acupuncture was decreased rCBF during acupuncture but was recovered rCBF after with-drawing of the neddle. 4. HT8(1st) LR2(2st) Reduction in Acupuncture was decreased MABP during acupuncture and after withdrawing of the neddle. 5. HT8(1st) LR2(2st) Reinforcement in Acupuncture was significantly increased rCBF during acupuncture and 30min after withdrawing of the neddle. 6. HT8(1st) LR2(2st) Reinforcement in Acupuncture was decreased MABP during acupuncture, but was recovered MABP after withdrawing of the neddle. Conclusions: I suggested that LR2 HT8 Reduction in Acupuncture and LR2 HT8 Reinforcement in Acupuncture cause a diverse response of cerebral hemodynas.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.87-101
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• 2010

Objectives : The aim of this experiment was to investigate the influences of Autonomic Nervous System and EEG by conducting Reinforcement-Reduction(補瀉) acupuncture stimulation to compare the changes in acupoints on the body before and after treatment of acupuncture at Xingjian(LR2) being referred as Fire-point(火穴) and Ququan(LR8) being referred as Water-point(水穴) of Yin Liver Meridian(足厥陰肝經). Methods : This study was carried out on 30 healthy female volunteers in their 20's. There were four tests conducted throughout and the period for each test was between 2 to 5days. HRV and EEG were measured for 5 minutes before acupuncture stimulation was conducted on LR2-Reinforcement, LR2-Reduction, LR8-Reinforcement and LR8-Reduction at random. During the 20 minutes of acupuncture treatment, same subjects were measured simultaneously to observe any significant changes in acupoints. Again, the same subjects were measured for 5 minutes after removing the acupuncture in order to perform a comparative analysis. Results : The measurement of HRV showed that LF, LFnorm and LF/HF ratio increased significantly(p<0.05) while HF, HF norm decreased significantly in case of LR2-Reinforcement & LR8-Reduction. Both LR2-Reduction and LR8-Reinforcement induced a significant increase in HFnorm. EEG measurement indicated low $\alpha$ wave decreased and high $\beta$ wave increased significantly at LR2-Reinforcement during post-acupuncture period compared with acupuncture stimulation period. Both LR2-Reduction and LR8-Reinforcement developed significantly low $\alpha$ wave and high $\alpha$ wave. High $\beta$ wave increased significantly at LR8-Reduction during the acupuncture stimulation in comparison with pre-acupuncture period. Conclusions : The manipulation of acupuncture stimulation at LR2-Reinforcement and LR8-Reduction enhanced the activity of sympathetic nerves and the state of arousal while that of para sympathetic nerves declined. On the other hand, LR2-Reduction and LR8-Reinforcement developed the levels of para sympathetic nerves and relaxation.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2003

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate whether Haenggan(LR2) Reduction in Acupuncture affects cerebral hemodynamics〔regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF), mean arterial blood pressure(MABP)〕in normal rats, and to make manifest whether Haenggan(LR2) Reduction in Acupuncture is mediated by cyclooxygenase or guanylate cyclase. Methods : This experiments was to investigate at the other changes of rCBF and MABP at Haenggan(LR2) Reduction in Acupuncture in normal rats, pretreated rats with indomethacin(1 mg/kg, i.v.) and pretreated rats with methylene blue$(10\;{\,u}g/kg,\;i.v.)$. Results : 1. Haenggan(LR2) Reduction in Acupuncture was significantly increased rCBF during acupuncture and after withdrawing of the needle. 2. Haenggan(LR2) Reduction in Acupuncture was decreased MABP during acupuncture, but Haenggan(LR2) Reduction in Acupuncture was increased MABP in compared with normal condition. 3. Pretreatment with indomethacin(1 mg/kg, i.v.) was significantly inhibited Haenggan(LR2) Reduction in Acupuncture induced increase of rCBF, but was increased Haenggan(LR2) Reduction in Acupuncture induced increase of MABP. 4. Pretreatment with methylene blue$(10\;{\mu}g/kg,\;i.v.)$ was significantly decreased Haenggan(LR2) Reduction in Acupuncture induced increase of rCBF and MABP. This results suggest that Haenggan(LR2) Reduction in Acupuncture increased rCBF by dilating pial arterial diameter, and the mechanism of Haenggan(LR2) Reduction in Acupuncture is mediated by guanylate cyclase.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2003

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to compare Xingjian(LR2) Shaofu(HT8) with Dadun(LR1) Shaofu(HT8) on Blood Pressure in Hypertensive RAT induced by Two Kidney One Clip(2KIC). Methods : This experiments was to investigate the effects of LR2 HT8(originated from ${\ll}$Classic on Difficulty${\gg}$ Shi Ze Xie Qi Zi), LR1 HT8(originated from ${\ll}$Ling Shu${\gg}$ Sheng Ze Xie Zhi) acupuncture on the blood pressure, cardiomegalic index, and plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide in hypertensive rat induced by 2K1C. Results: 1. Blood pressure was decreased significantly after third acupuncture of LR2 HT8. 2. Blood pressure was decreased significantly after acupuncture of LR2 HT8, but was increased after LR2 HT8. 3. Cardiomegalic index was not changed after acupuncture of LR2-HT8 and LR1-HT8 4. Plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide was increased significantly after acupuncture of LR2 HT8 but LR1 HT8 was not changed.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.467-472
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• 2004

남조류 독소인 마이크로시스틴은 여름철 우리나라 여러 호수들에 존재하여 물고기와 가축 그리고 인간에게 강한 독성을 나타내는 독소이다. 본 연구에서는 화학적 산화제인 염소($Cl_2$), 과망간산칼륨($KMnO_4$), 과산화수소수($H_2O_2$)를 이용하여 마이크로시스틴중 가장 독성이 강한 마이크로시스틴 LR의 분해실험을 시도하였다. 수중 마이크로시스틴LR의 농도 측정은 마이크로시스틴 LR의 단일클론항체를 이용한 효소면역흡착분석법으로 측정하였다. 실험결과 염소는 마이크로시스틴 LR의 농도 800 pg/mL, $Cl_2$의 농도 12 ppm, 암소방치시간 40분, pH 7에서 가장 잘 분해되었으며, 또한 pH 8 이상에서는 독소 파괴가 눈에 띄게 감소하였다. 과망간산칼륨의 경우 마이크로시스틴 LR의 농도 2000 pg/mL, $KMnO_4$의 농도 1.2 ppm, 암소방치시간 60분, pH 7에서 가장 잘 분해되었다. 그러나 과산화수소수에 의한 마이크로시스틴 LR의 분해는 느린 화학 반응 속도 때문에 효과적이지 못함을 알수 있었다.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2013

In the past, a very popular method for reducing the corrosion on zinc involved the use of chemical conversion layer coatings based on $Cr^{+6}$. However, there is an important problem with using chromium salts as a result of restrictive environmental protection legislation. This study investigated the optimum condition for galvanized steel using an organic/inorganic solution with a Ti composition. In the case of a fixed heat treatment time, the corrosion resistance values of LR-0727(1) and LR-0727(2) were improved as the heat treatment temperature increased, and the optimum minimum temperature decreased with the heat treatment time. At the optimum heat treatment condition of two coating solutions, the heat treatment time of the LR-0727(1) solution was shorter than LR-0727(2) for the same heat treatment temperature. LR-0727(1) coated specimens did not show desquamation, and all of the specimens showed a good adhesive property. In contrast, in the case of the LR-0727(2) coated specimens, desquamation arose. Therefore, the adhesive property of LR-0727(1) was superior to that of LR-0727(2). The pencil hardness had a 3H average for all of the coating solutions and heat treatment conditions. In the case of a corrosion resistance test with boiling water, the coated specimens of LR-0727(1) were discolored, but LR-0727(2) was not. Finally, LR-0727(1) was more moisture proof than LR-0727(2).

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.215-220
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• 2009

IEEE 802.15.4로 알려진 LR-WPAN(Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Network)은 현재까지 발표된 시스템 규격 중에서 가장 USN(Ubiquitous Sensor Network)을 구현하기 적합한 시스템으로 인식되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 LR-WPAN이 900MHz 대역에서 이용되는 경우, 타 시스템에 미치는 간섭 영향을 시뮬레이션하였다. 국내의 900MHz 대역 주파수 이용 현황을 고려해보면, LR-WPAN이 RFID/USN으로 할당된 주파수를 공유해서 이용하는 것을 생각해볼 수 있다. LR-WPAN이 RFID/USN 대역을 공동으로 이용하는 경우에 대한 간섭 시뮬레이션 결과, CT1과 RFID에 미치는 간섭 확률은 각각 2.5%와 2.1%로 계산되었으며, 공공통신에 미치는 간섭영향이 없기 위해서는 약 100m 이상의 보호거리가 필요한 것으로 계산되었다.