• 대한약침학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2011

Objective : This study was performed to compare anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation and anti-bacterial effects of Ligustici Rhizoma (LR) extracted with two kinds of solvents, ethanol and distilled water. Methods : It is prepared two kinds of LR extracts 20, 50, 100 ${\mu}l/mg$ by first. MTT assay way to measure cytotoxicity is formed in Raw 264.7 cell. The anti-inflammation effect is measured by ability to inhibit production of NO in Raw 264.7 cell. The anti-oxidation effect was measured by DPPH Radical scavenging ability in HaCaT cell. The anti-bacterial effect was measured by inhibition zone diameter on Propionibacterium acnes. Results : 1. LR (20 ${\mu}l/mg$) extracted with ethanol was showed 80% cytotoxicity, LR (50 ${\mu}l/mg$) extracted with ethanol and LR (20, 50 ${\mu}l/mg$) extracted with water were showed 70% cytotoxicity, LR (100 ${\mu}l/mg$) extracted with ethanol and LR (100 ${\mu}l/mg$) extracted with water were showed 60% cytotoxicity in Raw 264.7 cell. 2. LR (100 ${\mu}l/mg$) extracted with ethanol was showed more significantly inhibitory effect on NO production than the water extraction. 3. Two kinds of LR extraction groups did not show significantly scavenging effect of DPPH radicals. 4. Two kinds of LR extractions did not have a inhibitory effect on Propionibactrium acnes. Conclusion : Two kinds of LR extracts have not cytotoxicity, statistically significant ability to scavenge DPPH radicals and effect to inhibit Propionibactrium acnes. LR extracted with ethanol only have a little effect to inhibit NO production. This study proposes that LR extracted with ethanol is more effective in anti-inflammation.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.1660-1669
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• 1998

본 논문에서는 실제 사용에 있어서 시간과 기억 장소를 상당히 요구하는 기존의 점진적 파싱 알고리즘들을 조사하여, 이들보다 효율적인 점진적 LR 파싱 알고리즘을 제안한다. 문법 기호를 포함하는 확장형 LR 파싱표를 본 논문에서 제안한 점진적 LR 파싱 알고리즘을 적용한다. 여러 문장의 경우에 본 점진적 LR 파싱 알고리즘을 이용하여 파싱 단계와 기억 장소를 감소시켰다. 본 알고리즘은 복잡하고 큰 문법의 경우에 더욱 효과적이다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.321-326
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• 2016

The porcine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is called swine leukocyte antigen (SLA), which controls immune responses and transplantation reactions. The SLA is mapped on pig chromosome 7 (SSC7) near the centromere. In this study, 3 class I (SLA-1, SLA-3, and SLA-2) and 3 class II (DRB1, DQB1, and DQA) genes were used for investigation of SLA haplotypes in Yucatan miniature pigs in Korea. This pig breed is a well-known model organism for biomedical research worldwide. The current study indicated that Korean Yucatan pig population had 3 Class I haplotypes (Lr-4.0, Lr-6.0, and Lr-25.0) and 3 class II haplotypes (Lr-0.5, Lr-0.7, and Lr-0.25). The combinations of SLA class I and II haplotype together, 2 homozygous (Lr-4.5/4.5 and Lr-6.7/6.7) and 3 heterozygous (Lr-4.5/6.7, Lr-4.5/25.25, and Lr-6.7/25.25) haplotypes were identified, including previously unidentified new heterozygous haplotypes (Lr-4.5/4.7). In addition, a new SLA allele typing method using Agilent 2100 bioanalyzer was developed that permitted more rapid identification of SLA haplotypes. These results will facilitate the breeding of SLA homozygous Yucatan pigs and will expedite the possible use of these pigs for the biomedical research, especially xenotransplantation research.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.88-94
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 다중 안테나 시스템에서 신호 수신을 위한 lattice reduction (LR) 기반 복호기의 복잡도를 줄이기 위한 방법을 제안한다. ML (Maximum Likelihood) 방식이 복호 성능은 우수하지만 안테나와 성상 점의 개수에 따라 지수적으로 복잡도가 증가하는데 반해 LR 기반의 복호기는 상대적으로 적은 복잡도로 동일한 다이버시티 성능을 보이는 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 LR 과정도 채널 행렬의 열 벡터 교환 과정을 포함한 반복 연산에 의해서 복잡도가 높고 하드웨어 구현이 어려운 점이 있다. LR 과정은 채널 행렬이 주어지는 경우 유일하게 결정되기 때문에 이 과정을 offline으로 미리 수행하여 Look-Up Table(LUT)에 저장하는 방식으로 계산량을 줄일 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 LR 기반 수신기에서 LUT 를 효율적으로 구성하는 방법을 제시하고 성능을 비교한다. 제안된 방식을 적용할 경우 기존의 LR 방식에 비하여 적은 연산량으로 유사한 수신 성능을 보임을 모의실험을 통하여 보인다.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2013

In the past, a very popular method for reducing the corrosion on zinc involved the use of chemical conversion layer coatings based on $Cr^{+6}$. However, there is an important problem with using chromium salts as a result of restrictive environmental protection legislation. This study investigated the optimum condition for galvanized steel using an organic/inorganic solution with a Ti composition. In the case of a fixed heat treatment time, the corrosion resistance values of LR-0727(1) and LR-0727(2) were improved as the heat treatment temperature increased, and the optimum minimum temperature decreased with the heat treatment time. At the optimum heat treatment condition of two coating solutions, the heat treatment time of the LR-0727(1) solution was shorter than LR-0727(2) for the same heat treatment temperature. LR-0727(1) coated specimens did not show desquamation, and all of the specimens showed a good adhesive property. In contrast, in the case of the LR-0727(2) coated specimens, desquamation arose. Therefore, the adhesive property of LR-0727(1) was superior to that of LR-0727(2). The pencil hardness had a 3H average for all of the coating solutions and heat treatment conditions. In the case of a corrosion resistance test with boiling water, the coated specimens of LR-0727(1) were discolored, but LR-0727(2) was not. Finally, LR-0727(1) was more moisture proof than LR-0727(2).

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.215-220
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• 2009

IEEE 802.15.4로 알려진 LR-WPAN(Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Network)은 현재까지 발표된 시스템 규격 중에서 가장 USN(Ubiquitous Sensor Network)을 구현하기 적합한 시스템으로 인식되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 LR-WPAN이 900MHz 대역에서 이용되는 경우, 타 시스템에 미치는 간섭 영향을 시뮬레이션하였다. 국내의 900MHz 대역 주파수 이용 현황을 고려해보면, LR-WPAN이 RFID/USN으로 할당된 주파수를 공유해서 이용하는 것을 생각해볼 수 있다. LR-WPAN이 RFID/USN 대역을 공동으로 이용하는 경우에 대한 간섭 시뮬레이션 결과, CT1과 RFID에 미치는 간섭 확률은 각각 2.5%와 2.1%로 계산되었으며, 공공통신에 미치는 간섭영향이 없기 위해서는 약 100m 이상의 보호거리가 필요한 것으로 계산되었다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.301-306
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• 2006

Microcystin-LR(MC-LR), a cyanobacterial toxin produced by Microcystis aeruginosa, causes severe hepatotoxicity. Here we investigated the morphologic changes of rat hepatocyte spheroid induced by exposure of MC-LR($10^{-6}M$) in vitro. In addition, to determine the effects of such toxin in the process of hepatocyte spheroid formation, primarily isolated hepatocytes were incubated with MC-LR and the process of spheroid formation was observed. In both hepatocyte spheroid and suspension culture systems, the morphologic changes caused by MC-LR were noticible at 5 min post exposure and were characterized by the loss of microvilli, cytoplasmic vacuolation, the accumulation of lipid droplets, and blob formation. Especially, the size and numbers of blob on the cell surface were increased as the incubation time prolonged and the appearance of electron dense bodies were observed in the cytoplasm of hepatocyte at 20 min post exposure. Furthermore, bile canaliculi-like structures in the hepatocyte spheroids were slightly widened and the process of spheroids formation was inhibited in the isolated hepatocytes incubated with MC-LR. These results indicate that morphologic changes in. the hepatocyte membrane and organelles seem to be typical events in showing the MC-LR induced hepatotoxic effects and the spheroid culture method might be a useful experimental tool to evaluate hepatoxicity since it reflects the in vivo status of hepatocytes.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제33권5B호
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• pp.310-317
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• 2008

LR-WPAN(Low Rate Wireless Personal Area Network)에서 데이터 충돌은 재전송의 원인이 되며 이로 인한 에너지 소비는 전체 네트워크의 수명을 감소시킨다. 또한 LR-WPAN은 상대적으로 적은 backoff 재시도 횟수를 가지고 있기 때문에 충돌에 대해 민감하다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 LCS(Limited Contention Scheme)는 전체 노드를 일정한 수의 그룹으로 나누어 데이터를 전송하는 방식으로써 경쟁을 하는 노드의 수를 줄여 데이터의 충돌 발생 확률과 재전송을 감소시킨다. 그 결과 데이터의 처리율과 전체 네트워크의 수명은 증가하게 된다. 향후 LR-WPAN의 설계 시 LCS를 이용한다면 배터리의 수명은 늘어나게 되어 저전력 소모를 필요로 하는 응용분야에 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2017

Objectives : The aim of this research was to determine the diverse effects of Lithospermi Radix Water Extract (LR) on human keratinocyte HaCaT cells, and to examine whether those effects could be applied to the human skin. Methods : We examined effect of LR on the cell viability of using the MTS assay in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. The antioxidation effect of LR was analyzed relative to the well-known antioxidant resveratrol, using an ABTS assay. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that, in HaCaT cells, LR influenced the mRNA expression of tight-junction genes associated with skin moisturization. Furthermore, a wound-healing assay demonstrated altered cell migration in LR-treated HaCaT cells. Result : The cytotoxicity was confirmed to be higher in LR at a concentration of $800{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ using the MTS assay in HaCaT cells. In comparison to $100{\mu}M$ resveratrol, $1,600{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ LR showed either a similar or superior antioxidation effect. LR treatment in HaCaT cells reduced the mRNA expression levels of claudin 3, claudin 4, claudin 6, claudin 8, and ZO-2 to less than 0.80-fold, whereas JAM-A and Tricellulin mRNA expression level increased more than 1.33-fold. In addition, HaCaT cells migration was decreased to 83.9% by LR treatment. Conclusions : LR of antioxidation activity will have an anti-aging effect on the skin by reducing oxidative stress. Further studies are required to address the implications for human skin, given LR's effects of altering mRNA expression of tight junction-related gene and decreasing cell migration of HaCaT cells.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.438-441
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• 2008

A novel lactobacilli replicon from plasmids of Lactobacillus reuteri KCTC 3678 was isolated. Eight L. reuteri strains from Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC) and Korea Food Research Institute (KFRI) were screened for cryptic plasmids and most strains harbored 1 or 2 plasm ids. Particularly, L. reuteri KCTC 3678 contained 6 plasm ids which all were used for screening of lactobacilli replicon. EcoRI digests of the plasmid DNA prep from L. reuteri KCTC 3678 were ligated with pUC19 and the recombinant DNAs were serially named from pLR1 to pLR7. A cat (chloramphenicol acetyltransferase; $Cm^r$) gene originated from pC194 was introduced into pLR1-7, resulting in pLR1cat-pLR7cat, respectively. The recombinant plasmids were introduced into L. reuteri KCTC 3679, and only transformants harboring pLR5cat were obtained, indicating that the insert in pLR5 functioned as a lactobacilli replicon.