• 한국컴퓨터정보학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2012년도 제46차 하계학술발표논문집 20권2호
• /
• pp.437-440
• /
• 2012

본 연구에서는 안성생활폐기물 매립지에 효율적인 매립지 관리를 위한 반입관리시스템을 개발하였다. 데이터베이스 및 시스템 설계에 있어서 표준화를 기본으로 하되 안성생활폐기물 매립지의 특수 상황을 반영할 수 있도록 하였다. RFID 및 LPR을 이용하여 반입차량을 판별하도록 하였으며 이를 기반으로 보다 신뢰성 있는 반입관리를 구현하였다.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.22-27
• /
• 2004

Background : LPRD(Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease) gives rise to inflammatory change in the pharyngolaryngeal tissue with various otolaryngologic symptoms. Ranitidine, histamine H2receptor antagonists, are currently used as therapeutic medications. However, the efficacy of Ranitidine on LPRD has not been proven yet. Objectives : We intended to analyze the efficacy of the Ranitidine on LPRD. Materials :md Methods : In 20 multicenter, 607 patients with LPR(laryngopharyngeal reflux) symptom were observed to evaluate their symptoms and laryngoscopic findings after 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks of treatment of Ranitidine. Results : The symptom of LPR including globus sensation, sore throat hoarseness, regurgitatioin are improved after 4 weeks $86.2\%,\;8 weeks\;91.5\%,\;12 weeks\;92.9\%$ of Ranitidine treatment and improved after 4 weeks $91.5\%,\;8 weeks\;94.5\%,\;12 weeks\; 97.2\%$ of Ranitidine combined with prokinetics. The rates of sore throat, chronic cough, globus sensation improvement at 8 weeks after treatment are $26.7\%,\;16.7\%,\;16\%$. Conclusion : In patient with LPR, Ranitidine treatment reduces LPR symptoms very effectively.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.96-101
• /
• 2007

Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is the retrograde movement of gastric contents into the larynx, pharynx, and upper aero-digestive tract. LPR differs from gastroesophageal reflux in that it is often not associated with heartburn and regurgitation symptoms. Otolaryngological manifestations of acid reflux include a wide range of pharyngeal and laryngeal symptoms. Belafsky et al. developed a useful self-administered tool, the reflux symptom index (RSI), for assessing the degree of LPR symptoms. Patients are asked to use a 0 to 5 point scale to grade the following symptoms: 1) hoarseness or voice problems; 2) throat clearing; 3) excess throat mucus or postnasal drip ; 4) difficulty swallowing; 5) coughing after eating or lying down; 6) breathing difficulties ; 7) troublesome or annoying cough; 8) sensation of something sticking or a lump in the throat; 9) heartburn, chest pain, indigestion or stomach acid coming up. A RSI score greater than 13 is considered abnormal. As there is no validated instrument to document the physical findings and severity of LPR, Belafsky et al. developed an eight-item clinical severity scale for judging laryngoscopic finding, the reflux finding score (RFS). They rated eight LPR-associated findings on a scale from 0 to 4 : subglottic edema, ventricular obliteration, erythema/hyperemia, vocal-fold edema, diffuse laryngeal edema, posterior commissure hypertrophy, granuloma/granulation tissue, and thick endolaryngeal mucus. A RFS score of greater than 7 was found to suggest LPR-associated laryngitis. Although both indices (RSI and RFS) are widely used, there is some controversy about their validity (sensitivity and specificity) and reliability (intra-rater and inter-rater) in LPR diagnosis and treatment. We discuss the validity and reliability of RSI and RFS with literature review.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.108-112
• /
• 2007

Otolaryngological manifestations of acid reflux include a wide range of pharyngeal and laryngeal symptoms ; and the constellation of symptoms has been called laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR). In the absence of definite diagnostic criteria, LPR disease remains a subjective entity. A diagnosis of LPR is usually based on response of symptoms to empirical treatment. Investigative modalities such as pH monitoring and, more recently, impedance studies are generally reserved for treatment failures. LPR usually requires more aggressive and prolonged treatment to achieve regression of both symptoms and laryngeal findings. The suppression of gastric acid and secretion with anti-secretary agents has been the mainstay of medical treatment for patients with acid-related disorders. The suppression of gastric acid secretion achieved with Hz-receptor antagonist $(H_2RA)$ has proved suboptimal for relief of reflux symptoms. The rapid development of tolerance and rebound acid hypersecretion after the with-drawal of $H_2RA$ limit their clinical use. Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) have been proved to be very effective for suppressing intragastric acidity, but the optimal dose and duration is unknown. Current evidence indicates that pharmacologic intervention should include, at a minimum, a 3 month trial of twice daily PPI. Symptoms of LPR improve over 2 months of therapy. The physical findings of LPR resolve more slowly than the symptoms and this continues through out at least 6 months of treatment. For most patients with LPR, twice daily dosing with a PPI is usually recommended for an initial treatment for a period of no less than 6 months treatment, and lifetime treatment may be required.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.161-166
• /
• 2012

본 연구에서는 폐기물 처리의 체계화 및 표준화를 위하여 안성생활폐기물 매립지에 전산화된 폐기물 반입관리시스템을 구축하였다. 데이터베이스 및 시스템 설계 과정에서 안성생활폐기물 매립지의 특수 항목들을 고려하였다. 그리고 다른 폐기물 매립지에도 적용 가능할 수 있도록 기반 핵심 자료 부분은 구조화 및 정형화 하였으며 특수 사항들에 대해서는 예외 처리 로직을 적용하여 표준화를 위해 노력하였다. 이러한 목적을 위해 생활폐기물 매립지에 효율적인 매립지 관리를 위한 반입관리시스템을 개발하였다. 데이터베이스 및 시스템 설계에 있어서 표준화를 기본으로 하되 안성생활폐기물 매립지의 특수 상황을 반영할 수 있도록 하였다. RFID 및 LPR을 이용하여 반입차량을 판별하도록 하였으며 이를 기반으로 보다 신뢰성 있는 반입관리를 구현하였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 시스템을 기반으로 자동화된 RFID/LPR을 사용한 효과적이고 체계적인 폐기물 매립장의 반입 반출관리가 행해질 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.377-382
• /
• 1994

In the conventional Fourier imaging method in MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), intramotion such as pulsatile flow makes zipper-like artifact along the phase encoding direction. On the other hand, line-integral projection reconstruction (LPR) method has advantages such as imaging of short T2, object and reduction of the flow artifact by elimination of the flow-induced phase fluctuation. The LPR, however, necessarily requires time consuming filtering and back-projection processes, so that the reconstruction takes long time. To overcome the long reconstruction time of the LPR and to obtain the flow artifact reduction effect, we adopted phase corrected concentric square raster sampling (CSRS) method and improved its imaging performance. The CSRS is a fast reconstruction method which has the same properties with the LPR. In this paper, we proposed a new method of flow artifact reduction using the CSRS method. Through computer simulations and experiments, we verified that the proposed method can eliminate phase fluctuations, thereby reducing the flow artifact and re- markably shorten the reconstruction time which required long time in the LPR.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• 제40권3호
• /
• pp.188-200
• /
• 2023

Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) disease is a condition in which the stomach contents return to the larynx and pharynx via the esophagus, causing mucosal injury. While conventional treatments, such as proton pump inhibitors, have limitations, acupuncture has been shown to reduce LPR symptoms. However, its effectiveness has not been systematically assessed. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of acupuncture in treating LPR. We review 10 electronic databases with a consistent search strategy, and 2 independent reviewers screened the articles based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. This study selected and analyzed 7 randomized controlled trials after the screening to assess primary outcomes, including reflux symptom index and reflux finding score, and secondary outcomes, including upper and lower esophageal sphincter pressure. The results revealed the statistically significant effectiveness of acupuncture in combination with conventional treatment in reducing LPR symptoms compared with conventional treatment alone. The most commonly used acupuncture points were CV22, ST36, and LR3. However, the meta-analysis demonstrated low reliability, as assessed using the GRADE Tool. Further research is needed to improve the evidence and draw clear conclusions regarding the clinical use of acupuncture for treating LPR.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.81-86
• /
• 2004

Background and Objectives : In general, ambulatory 24-hour pH monitoring is considered the current gold standard for larynogopharyngeal reflux(LPR). There is no validated instrument whose purpose is to document the physical finding and severity of laryngopharyngeal reflux. The purposes of this study are to revaluate the validity and reliability of the reflux finding score(RFS) and to quantify laryngoscopic findings using reflux finding score. Material and Methods : Thirty-three LPR patients confirmed by dual-probe pH monitoring and thirty patients of control were selected. The RFS was documented for each patient with telescopic laryngoscopy before treatment. For test-retest intraobserver reliability assessment, a blinded laryngologists determined the RFS on two separate occasions. To evaluate interobserver reliability assessment, the RFS was determined by t재 different blinded laryngologists. Results : The mean age of the cohort with pH-documented LPR was 45.8 years and the mean RFS was 11.4. The mean age of cotrol subjects was 52 years and the mean RFS was 5.4. The mean RFS for laryngologist no. 1 was 10.8 at the initial screening and 10.9 at the repeat evaluation. The mean FRS for laryngologist no.2 was 11.1 at the intial test and 10.9 at the repeat evaluation. The correlation coefficient for interobserver variability was 0.93 and intraobserver variability was 0.94. Conclusion : The RFS demonstrates excellent inter-and introaobserver reproducibility and is helpful for quantifying laryngeal finding in LPR. We can be 95% certain that an individual with a RFS greater than 7 has LPR.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.222-226
• /
• 2003

목적: 변이를 보이는 lpr 마우스와 Fas ligand 변이를 보이는 gld 마우스를 이용하여 in vivo에서 Fas와 Fas ligand의 발현이 전리 방사선에 의해 유도되는 apoptosis에서 어떤 역할을 하는지 조사하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: Fas의 변이를 보이는 $C57BL/6J-Fas^{lpr}$ 마우스와 대조군인 C57BL/6J 마우스, Fas ligand 변이를 보이는 $C3H/HeJ-Fas^{gld}$ 마우스와 대조군인 C3H/HeJ 마우스를 대상으로 하였다. 마우스는 8주령 웅성으로서 전신 방사선 조사하여 일정 시간 후 비장을 적출하였다. 조직을 hematoxylin-eosin 염색하여 apoptosis 유도 수준을 비교 분석하였다. 또한 apoptosis 조절 물질인 p53, Bcl-2, Bax, Bcl-X_L,\;Bcl-X_S$에 대하여 Western Western blotting을 시행하고 발현수준을 densitometry로 분석하여 관련된 기전을 연구하였다. 결과: 2.5 Gydh k10 Gy 조사시에 $C57BL/6J-Fas^{lpr}$ 마우스와 $C3H/HeJ-Fas^{gld}$ 마우스에서 대조군 비하여 방사선에 의한 apoptosis가 유의하게 감소되는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). C57BL/6J 마우스와, C3H/HeJ 마우스에서 10 Gy 방사선 조사 후 Bax가 8시간 째에 각각 3배, 3.3배의 증가를 보였으나 $C57BL/6J-Fas^{lpr}$ 마우스와, $C3H/HeJ-Fas^{gld}$ 마우스에서는 뚜렷한 발현증가가 관찰되지 않았다. 결과: Fas의 변이가 있는 lpr 마우스와 Fas ligand의 변이가 있는 gld 마우스에서 방사선에 의한 apoptosis가 대조군 보다 현저하게 낮으며 이는 방사선에 의한 Bax의 유도가 미약한 것과 연관된 것으로 나타났다. 방사선에 의한 apoptosis 유도에 Fas의 역할이 매우 중요한 것으로 보인다.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.15-18
• /
• 2005

Background and Objectives : To determine the changes of reflux symptoms and laryngoscopic findings of patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) on the duration of proton pump inhibitor medication. Materials and Methods : From Feb 2003 to Nov 2004, 58 patients who were diagnosed with LPR by 24-hour double-probe pH monitoring were enrolled. All patients were treated with proton pump inhibitor and followed up for 8 weeks at least. The response of symptoms and laryngoscopic findings of patients were assessed with reflux symptom index (RSI) and reflux finding score (RFS) before treatment and 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 weeks after treatment. Results : The symptoms of patients with LPR were improved significantly at 2, 4, 8 weeks of treatment. The laryngoscopic findings of patients with LPR were improved significantly at 4 and 12 weeks of treatment. There was no correlation between improvement of reflux symptoms and laryngoscopic findings. Conclusions : The laryngoscopic findings of LPR patients were improved more slowly than reflux symptoms. Based on our results, anti-reflux therapy might be continued at least for 3 months until the improvement of laryngoscopic findings.