• 대한약침학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.68-74
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• 2015

Objectives: The present study was undertaken to determine the modulatory effect of taurine on the liver mitochondrial enzyme system with reference to mitochondrial lipid peroxidation (LPO), antioxidants, major tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes, and electron transport chain enzymes during 7,12-dimethyl benz[a]anthracene (DMBA) induced breast cancer in Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: Animals in which breast cancer had been induced by using DMBA (25 mg/kg body weight) showed an increase in mitochondrial LPO together with decreases in enzymic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST)), non-enzymic antioxidants (reduced glutathione (GSH), vitamin C, and vitamin E), in citric acid cycle enzymes (isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (alpha KDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH)), and in electron transport chain (ETC) complexes. Results: Taurine (100 mg/kg body weight) treatment decreased liver mitochondrial LPO and augmented the activities/levels of enzymic, and non-enzymic antioxidants, tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes and ETC complexes. Conclusion: The results of our present study demonstrated the chemotherapeutic efficacy of taurine treatment for DMBA-induced breast carcinomas.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.355-366
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• 2001

Objectives : Oldenlandiae Diffusae herba has been used as a natural drug for tumor, inflammation and liver disease in traditional medicine. This study was performed in order to investigate the antioxidative effects of Oldenlandiae Diffusae herba methanol extract(ODHM) on acetaminophen induced acute liver injury in mice. Methods : In order to investigate the protective effect of ODHM on acute hepatic injury in vivo, ICR mice were pretreated with ODHM, and then treated with acetaminophen(500mg/kg). And the levels of LPO and glutathione(GSH), antioxidative enzyme activities were measured. The levels of LPO were measured by TBA method. And catalase activity was measured as the decrease in hydrogen peroxide absorbance at 240nm on spectrophotometer using 30mM hydrogen peroxide. Superoxide dismutase(SOD) was assayed by recording the inhibition of nitro blue tetrazolium reduction with xanthine and xanthine oxidase. Glutathione peroxidase(GPX) activity was determined by the modified coupled assay developed by Paglia and Lawrence. The reaction was started by addition of 2.2mM hydrogen peroxide as substrate. The change in absorbance at 340nm was measured for 1min on spectrophotometer. Glutathione-S-transferase(GST) activity was assayed with CDNB as substrate and enzyme activity of GST towards the glutathione conjugation of CDNB. And Total SH and GSH levels were measured. Results : In vivo study, LPO levels of acetaminophen treatment group were significantly higher than other groups. This increased level was significantly reduced by ODHM pretreatment. The acetaminophen treatment resulted in a decrease of catalase, GPX, SOD and GST activities. By contrast, ODHM pretreatment markedly increased compare to those of untreated groups. Total SH and GSH levels were reduced by of acetaminophen treatment, and ODHM pretreatment significantly increased GSH levels.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1996

The variation in the enzyme activities of human liver usually represents the particular physiological conditions of each individuals. Thus, we investigated the variation in the activities of SOD, HR and LPO of (1) non-exposed workers (56 subjects), and (2) exposed workers to DMF (43 subjects) in synthetic leather process. Serum levels of enzyme activities of exposed workers (AST:$30.26{\pm}20.041$U/L, ALT:$32.72{\pm}23.393$U/L, GGT:$28.47{\pm}18.635$ U/L, ALP:$81.77{\pm}34.879$ U/L)were slightly higher than those in nonexposed workers (AST:$24.00{\pm}9.441$ U/L, ALT:$23.89{\pm}18.305$U/L, GGT:$21.95{\pm}17.970$U/L, ALP:$70.84{\pm}24.678$U/L), but only the level of ALT was statistically significant (p< 0.05). Serum levels of LDH, TRF and CHOL in non-exposed workers were slightly higher than those of exposed workers. However, they were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Serum levels of HR and LPO of the exposed workers appeared to be reduced, but not those of the non-exposed workers. The SOD activities of exposed workers were also slightly higher than those of non-exposed workers, but the results were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The level of HR was increased with age, but the SOD level was not. These results suggest that the intermittent exposure to DMF at time-weighted average (TWA) level (10 ppm/$m^3$) has affected on the activities of enzymes such as AST, ALT, TRF, but not on the generation of HR, activity of SOD. However, if high dose of DMF was used, there would be severe effects for the generation of HR and LPO.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.356-361
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• 2016

During storage, boar spermatozoa undergo several changes including diminished motility and viability and accumulated reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, we investigated the effects of green tea extract (GTE) supplementation in the Sui Dil extender on the sperm motility, viability, ROS and lipid peroxidation (LPO) of long-term preserved boar semen at $17^{\circ}C$. A total number of eight boars were used for this experiment. Pooled ejaculates were diluted to $20{\times}10^6sperm/ml$ in the Sui Dil extender containing 0 (control), 1, 10, 100 or 500 mg/l GTE and were preserved at $17^{\circ}C$ for 24, 72, 120 and 168 h, respectively. At each storage time, sperm motility and viability were estimated by microscopic examination and the fluorescent double stain $Fertilight^{(R)}$, respectively. Sperm ROS level and LPO were assessed using the 2', 7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate ($H_2DCFDA$)/propidium iodide (PI) and C11-BODIPY581/591/PI with flow cytometry, respectively. Compared to that of the 500 mg group, there were higher sperm motility and viability in the 1, 10 and 100 mg GTE groups during the preservation from 24 to 168 h (p < 0.05). The ROS levels of the 10 and 100 mg groups during the 168 h preservation were lower than those of the 0, 1 and 500 mg groups (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in LPO regardless of the preservation period or the GTE concentration. In conclusion, the optimal concentrations (10 and 100 mg/l) of GTE that led to lower ROS levels may be useful for liquid boar sperm preservation at $17^{\circ}C$ for a period of 168 h.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2019

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) combined with bovine serum albumin (BSA) or methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MBCD) on plasma and acrosomal membrane damages, mitochondrial activity, morphological abnormality, motility, and oxidative stress in frozen-thawed boar sperm. In previous our study, 3 ng/mL ALA had been shown protective effect during freezing process of boar sperm. Therefore, we used 3 ng/mL ALA in present study and ALA was combined with same molar ratio of BSA or MBCD (ALA+BSA and ALA+MBCD, respectively). To confirm the effect of two carrier proteins, same volume of BSA and MBCD without ALA were added during cryopreservation. Membrane damage, mitochondrial activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels were measured using flow cytometry, and movement of sperm tail as motility parameter and morphological abnormality were observed under light microscope. In results, all of sperm parameters were enhanced by ALA combined with BSA or MBCD compared to control groups (p<0.05). Mitochondrial activity, morphological abnormality, ROS and LPO levels in ALA+BSA or MBCD groups were no significant difference compared with ALA, BSA and MBCD treatment groups. On the other hand, plasma and acrosomal membrane intact, and sperm motility in ALA+MBCD group were higher than single treatment groups (p<0.05), whereas ALA+BSA did not differ. Our findings indicate that carrier proteins such as BSA and MBCD could improve the effect of ALA during cryopreservation of boar sperm, and treatment of ALA with carrier proteins enhance membrane integrity, mitochondrial activity through reduction of ROS-induced LPO.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 2002년도 학술대회지
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• pp.385-391
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• 2002

Panax ginseng (family- Araliaceae) is a native plant of Korea and has been used for past several years among oriental people. To evaluate the radioprotective potential of P. ginseng on the formation of giant cells in the testis of Swiss albino mice, the animals were divided into four groups: -(I)-Only vehicle was administered. (II)P. ginseng treated group: -The animals received 10 mg/kg body weight P. ginseng root extract (in DDW) i.p. continuously for 30 days. (III) Irradiated group: -The animals were exposed to 8 Gy gamma radiation at the dose rate of 1.69 Gy/min at the distance of 80 ems. (IV) Combined treatment group: -Animals were given P. ginseng extract for four days and on fourth day they were irradiated to 8 Gy gamma radiation after 30 minute of extract administration. The animals of these three groups were autopsied on day 1,3, 7, 14 and 30 days. In ginseng treated group, active spermatogenesis was observed without any toxic effect. Histopathological studies of irradiated group (II) revealed reduction in germ cell count, loss of sperms and formation of multinucleated giant cells on day 7th. These giant cells were formed by round nuclei of early or late spermatids. In combination group (III), although germinal epithelium was still disorganized with loss of cells in few tubules, but no giant cell formation was observed. In order to know the mechanism of radioprotection of ginseng, LPO and GSH were estimated. It was observed that pretreated irradiated animals showed inhibition of LPO and increase in GSH. Thus the present study suggests ginseng protects male gonads. This may be attributed to the inhibition of LPO and increase synthesis of GSH byginseng.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.1082-1087
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• 2003

솔잎 추출물의 BuOH획분을 하루 25, 50, 100 mg/kg BW로써 SD계 흰쥐에 45일동안 투여하여 간장 세포막의 유동성(MF), 기초 및 유도산소라디칼(BOR 및 IOR), 산화적 스트레스로서 과산화지질(LPO) 및 산화단백질(OP), 리포푸신(LF)의 축적에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. MF은 간장의 mitochondria에서 BuOH-50 및 BuOH-100 투여군에서 16∼22%의 유의적인MF의 증가효과가 인정되었지만(p<0.01∼0.001), 간장 microsomes에서는 BuOH획분의 투여에 의한 MF의 유의적인 증가효과를 기대할 수 없었다. BOR 및 IOR의 생성은 간장의 mitochondria에서 BuOH-25, BuOH-50, BUOH-100 투여군은 각각 11∼27% 및 11∼28%의 BOR 및 IOR의 생성 억제효과가 인정되었고(p<0.05∼0.001), microsomes에서 BuOH-50, BuOH-100 투여군 및 BuOH-25, BuOH-50, BuOH-100 투여군은 각각 l1∼24% 및 l5∼24%의 유의적인 IOR의 생성 억제효과가 인정되었다(p<0.05∼0.001, p<0.01∼0.001). LPO의 생성은 간장의 mitochondria에서 BuOH-100투여군과 microsomes에서는 BuOH-50, BuOH-100투여군에서 각각9%, 9∼l3%의 유의적인 LPO의 생성 억제효과가 인정되었고(P<0.05∼0.01), OP의 생성은 간장의 mitochondria에 서 BuOH-50 및 BuOH-100투여군에 서 10∼12%의 유의적인 OP의 생성 억제효과가 인정되었지만(p<0.05), 간장의 microsomes에서는 유의성을 인정할 수 없었다. 그렇지만, 간장의 chloroform층에서 LF의 축적은 BuOH-50, BuOH-100투여군에서 8∼9%의 유의적인 LF의 축적 억제효과가 인정되었다(p<0.05). 따라서 솔잎 추출물의 BuOH 획분의 투여는 간장의 유동성을 촉진하고 산화적 스트레스를 효과적으로 억제하여 생리적 노화를 효과적으로 억제할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.574-580
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• 1994

식이성 아연의 급여 수준이 카드뮴을 투여한 흰주의 체내대사에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 간손상 정도의 지표로 쓰이는 효소와 간해독 과정에 관여하는 효소의 활성을 생화학적 측면에서 관찰한 결과는 다음과 같다. 식이성 아연결핍군의 체중증가량, 식이섭취량 및 식이효율은 유의적으로 감소하였으며, 과잉군에서는 유의적이지는 않았으나 증가하는 경향이었다. 카드뮴은 체중 및 식이섭취량에 유의적인 영향을 미치지는 않았다. 간조직중의 GSH-Px, GST 및 catalase 활성은 식이성 아연 과잉과 결핍군 모두에서 감소하였는데, 특히 결핍시의 활성 감도는 유의적이었다. 카드뮴은 GSH-Px와 GST의 활성을 유의적으로 감소시켰으며, GST는 아연 과잉시 활성 감도 정도가 결핍군에 비하여 다소 억제된 것으로 나타났다. Catalase 활성은 카드뮴 투여시 아연결핍군에서 유의적인 감소가 있었으나 과잉군과 정상군에서는 그 감소가 유의적이지는 않았다. 간조직중의 LPO 함량은 식이성 아연 결핍시 유의적인 증가를 나타내었으며, 카드뮴은 아연 결핍보다 과잉시 LPO 생성이 지연되는 것으로 나타났다. GSH 함량은 결핍과 과잉군 모두 정상군에 비하여 유의적으로 감소를 나타내었으며, 카드뮴은 아연 결핍과 정상군의 GSH 함량을 유의적으로 감소시켰는데 정상군의 감소 정도가 가장 크게 나타났다. 혈청 AST와 ALT 활성은 정상군에 비하여 아연 결핍과 과잉시 증가하였으며, 특히 결핍시에 증가 정도가 크게 나타났다. 카드뮴은 AST 활성을 현저하게 증가시켰으나 각 군간에 유의성은 나타나지 않았다. 또한 카드뮴은 아연결핍군과의 정상군의 ALT의 활성을 유의적으로 증가시켰으며 과잉군의 경우 결핍군에 비하여 그 증가가 억제되었다. LDH 활성은 아연 공급수준에 따른 차이가 나타나지 않았으나, 카드뮴 투여는 그 활성을 유의적으로 증가시켰으며 아연과징군이 결핍군 보다 활성을 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. ALP는 아연결핍군의 활성 감소가 유의적이었으며, 카드뮴은 각 군의 활성을 유의적으로 증가시켰으나 아연 공급수준이 높아질수록 그 활성이 감소하였다.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.155-162
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• 2005

본 연구는 돼지 정자 동결시 taurine과 $\alpha$-tocopherol의 첨가가 융해후 정자 성상과 정자 기능 활성산소계(reactive oxygen species; ROS)의 발생 정도 및 지질 산화(lipid peroxidation, LPO)에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 시행하였다. 1차 및 2차 희석액내 taurine과 $\alpha$-tocopherol이 첨가된 돼지 동결정액의 융해 후 정자 운동성 양상, 정자 생존성, 정자 기법을 적용하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. Taurine(25mM, 50mM), $\alpha$-tocopherol($500{\mu}M,\;1,000{\mu}M$ 단일처리군 그리고 taurine과 $\alpha$-tocopherol의 혼합처리군($25mM\~500{\mu}M\~1,000{\mu}M$)은 동결$\cdot$융해 후 대조군과 비해 정자 운동성과 생존성은 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다. Taurine과 $\alpha$-tocopherol의 혼합처리군 $50mM\~1,000{\mu}M$에서 HOST, 점체 반응이 대조군과 비교하여 유의차는 인정되지 않았으나 다소 증가하였다. 동결$\cdot$융해 정자의 ROS 발생 억제를 위한 taurine과 $\alpha$-tocopherol의 모든 처리군은 대조군과 비교하여$\cdot\{O_2}{^-}$ 발생을 유의적으로 완화시키지 못하였다. 그러나 taurine 단일처리군(25mM), $\alpha$-tocopherol 단일처리군($50mM,\;1,000{\mu}M$)과 혼합처리군($25mM\~500mM,\;50mM\~1,000{\mu}M$은 $H_{2}O_{2}$의 발생을 대조군과 비교하여 유의적으로 완화시켰다(P<0.05). 동결$\cdot$융해 정자의 malondialdehyde의 생산은 taurine과 $\alpha$-tocopherol의 모든 처리군에서 대조군과 비교하여 유의적인 감소를 보였다(P<0.05). 이상의 결과를 종합해 보면 돼지 정액의 동결보존시 taurine와 $\alpha$-tocopherol 같은 항산화제의 처리는 ROS 발생과 LPO을 효과적으로 완화시킴에 따라 돼지 정액의 동결보존 효율을 증진시킬 수 있는 유용한 방법이라 사료된다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.8-15
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• 2014

Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric inflammation includes induction of inflammatory mediators interleukin (IL)-8 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which are mediated by oxidant-sensitive transcription factor NF-${\kappa}B$. High levels of lipid peroxide (LPO) and increased activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO), a biomarker of neutrophil infiltration, are observed in H. pylori-infected gastric mucosa. Panax ginseng Meyer, a Korean herb medicine, is widely used in Asian countries for its biological activities including anti-inflammatory efficacy. The present study aims to investigate whether Korean Red Ginseng extract (RGE) inhibits H. pylori-induced gastric inflammation in Mongolian gerbils. One wk after intragastric inoculation with H. pylori, Mongolian gerbils were fed with either the control diet or the diet containing RGE (200 mg RGE/gerbil) for 6 wk. The following were determined in gastric mucosa: the number of viable H. pylori in stomach; MPO activity; LPO level; mRNA and protein levels of keratinocyte chemoattractant factor (KC, a rodent IL-8 homolog), IL-$1{\beta}$, and iNOS; protein level of phospho-$I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$(which reflects the activation of NF-${\kappa}B$); and histology. As a result, RGE suppressed H. pylori-induced mRNA and protein levels of KC, IL-$1{\beta}$, and iNOS in gastric mucosa. RGE also inhibited H. pylori-induced phosphorylation of $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ and increases in LPO level and MPO activity of gastric mucosa. RGE did not affect viable H. pylori colonization in the stomach, but improved the histological grade of infiltration of poly-morphonuclear neutrophils, intestinal metaplasia, and hyperplasia. In conclusion, RGE inhibits H. pyloriinduced gastric inflammation by suppressing induction of inflammatory mediators (KC, IL-$1{\beta}$, iNOS), MPO activity, and LPO level in H. pylori-infected gastric mucosa.