• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2017.11a
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• pp.37-37
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• 2017

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.25-36
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• 2023

To limit greenhouse gas emissions from ships, numerous environmental regulations and standards have been taken into effect. As a result, alternative fuels such as liquefied natural gas (LNG), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), ammonia, and biofuels have been applied to ships. Most of these alternative fuels are low flashpoint fuels in the form of liquefied gas. Their use is predicted to continue to increase. Thus, management regulations for using low flash point fuel as a ship fuel are required. However, they are currently insufficient. In the case of LNG, ISO standards have been prepared in relation to bunkering. The Society for Gas as a Marine Fuel (SGMF), a non-governmental organization (NGO), has also prepared and published a guideline on LNG bunkering. The classification society also requires safety management areas to be designated according to bunkering methods and procedures for safe bunkering. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a procedure for setting a safety management area according to the type of fuel, environmental conditions, and leakage scenarios and verify it with a numerical method. In this study, as a feasibility study for establishing these procedures, application status and standards of the industry were reviewed. Classification guidelines and existing preceding studies were analyzed and investigated. Based on results of this study, a procedure for establishing a safety management area for bunkering in domestic ports of Korea can be prepared.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.378-387
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• 2018

In this paper, the towing force for the LNG bunkering barge was investigated. Currently, LNG bunkering barge is being developed as an infrastructure for the bunkering of LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas), an eco-friendly energy source. In the case of the LNG bunkering barge, self-propulsion is considered through retrofit from an operating point. Therefore, the LNG bunkering barge's shape is similar to that of the ship as compared to a towed barge, so a rule of the towed barge overestimates the towing force. In order to improve accuracy, the calm water resistance was calculated using ITTC 1978 method which considers wave resistance by the Rankine source method. The added resistance in waves was calculated using the modified radiated energy method which considers the shortwave correction method of NMRI. The performance of the towing resistances through the calm water resistance and the added resistance in waves was compared to rules associated with towed barges.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.393-402
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• 2021

As greenhouse gas emissions from maritime transport are increasing, the International Maritime Organization is continuously working to strengthen emission regulations. Liquefied natural gas (LNG) fuel is less advantageous as a point of CO₂ reduction due to the methane leakage that occurs during the bunkering and operation of marine engines. In this study, greenhouse gas emissions from an LNG-fueled ship were analyzed from the perspective of the life cycle. The amount ofmethane emission during the bunkering and operation procedures with various boil-off gas (BOG) treatment methods and gas engine specifications was analyzed by dynamic simulation. The results were also compared with those of other liquid fuel engines. As a result, small LNG-fueled ships without a BOG treatment facility emitted 32% more greenhouse gas than ships utilizing marine gas oil or heavy fuel oil. To achieve a greenhouse gas reduction via a BOG treatment method, a gas combustion unit or re-liquefaction system must be mounted, which results in a greenhouse gas reduction effect of about 25% and 30%. As a result of comparing the amount of greenhouse gas generated according to the BOG treatment method used with each tank size from the perspective of the operating cycle with the amounts from using existing marine fuels, the BOG treatment method showed superior effects of greenhouse gas reduction.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.162-163
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• 2018

A risk assessment is performed at the initial design stage of LNG-fuelled ships subject to new fuel supply systems due to marine environmental and emissions regulations. Risk assessment involves a series of logical steps that enable systematic risk analysis and evaluation. LNG-fuelled ships mainly consist of a tank for storing LNG, a gas supply unit for supplying LNG to the engine, an engine using LNG as fuel, and a bunkering manifold for receiving LNG. The components of the LNG fuelled ship are determined according to the characteristics, size, rout, and operating distance. Therefore, the risk factors of each ships are different, and the risk analysis also changes. In this study we consider the systems of ships using LNG as a fuel and analyze the risk assessment of certain cases where the actual risk assessment has been carried out.

• Plant Journal
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.37-41
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• 2020

Lately old LNG carriers increased and ship price is getting down. So Interest for reuse and modification of used LNG carriers is growing. Also the needs for replacement of old power plant is increasing. Additionally eco friendly fuel such as LNG become attractive. Consequently gas power plant is getting much more popular than before. So in this research planning, we consider the floating power plant by modifying LNG carriers. This plant has the various function including storage, power plant and bunkering fuction etc. Through this multifunctional plant, we are ready for the old power plant shutdown and energy crisis in the future when we can supply the urgent mobile floating power plant quickly in time.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.185-188
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• 2019

In this paper, the towing stability of the LNG bunker barge is estimated. Currently, LNG bunkering barge is being developed as an infrastructure for the bunkering of LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas), an eco-friendly energy source. Since the LNG bunker barge are in the form of towed ship connected to the tow line, the towing stability of the LNG bunker barge is very important for the safety of not only the LNG bunker barge but also the surrounding sailing vessels. The numerical code for towing simulation was developed to estimate the towing stability of the LNG bunker barge at the initial design stage. The MMG(Manoeuvring Mathematical Group) model was applied to the equations of motion and the empirical formula was applied to the maneuvering coefficients so that they could be used in the initial design stage. To validity of the developed numerical code, it was compared with published calculation and model test results. Towing simulations were carried out according to with and without stern skeg of the LNG bunker barge using the developed numerical code. Through the results of the simulations, the appropriateness of the stern skeg area designed was confirmed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.26 no.2_2
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• pp.315-325
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• 2023

Recently, various dynamic risk analysis methods have been suggested for estimating the risk index by predicting the possibility of accidents and damage. It is necessary to maintain and support the safety system for responding to accidents by continuously updating the probability of accidents and the results of accidents, which are quantitative standards of ship risk. In this study, when a LNG leakage that may occur in the LN G Fuel Gas Supply System (FGSS) room during LN G bunkering operation, a reliability physical model was prepared by the change in monitoring data as physical parameters to estimate the accident probability. The scenario in which LNG leakage occur were configured with FT (Fault Tree), and the coefficient of the covariate model and Weibull distribution was estimated based on the monitoring data. The possibility of an LNG leakage, which is the top event of FT, was confirmed by changes in time and monitoring data. A method for estimating the LNG leakage based on the reliability physical analysis is proposed, which supports fast decision-making by identifying the potential LNG leakage at the accident.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2018.11a
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• pp.158-161
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• 2018

In this paper, the towing force is calculated for the LNG bunker barge. LNG bunkering barge is being developed as an infrastructure for the bunkering of LNG(Liquefied Natural Gas), an eco-friendly energy source. In the case of the LNG bunker barge, a self-propulsion is considered through retrofit from an operating point. Therefore, the LNG bunker barge is similar to the shape of the ship as compared to a towed barge, so a rule of the towed barge overestimates the towing force. In order to improve accuracy, the calm water resistance is calculated according to the ITTC 1978 method considering the wave resistance by the Rankine source method. The added resistance in waves is calculated using the modified radiated energy method considering the shortwave correction method of NMRI. The performance of the towing resistances through the calm water resistance and the added resistance in waves was compared with rules of the towed barge.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.99-112
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• 2020

It is no exaggeration to say that today's world economy is dependent on international trade, which is the result of inter-state transactions. As the vast majority of international goods transport is transported by international shipping, interest in the seaborne transport field is natural in international and trade studies. In particular, in the case of international shipping, as it is the basis of typical international transportation, changes in international shipping due to the innovation of technology may have an effect on international trade norms. In this study, as a result of evaluating port preference in a hypothetical scenario by using the Design of Experiments method, bunkering as well as port service, which is traditionally important, was identified as a major competitive factor of future ports. It has been revealed that, above all, the port to respond to the future is the continued importance of port services and the supply of ship fuel. Therefore, port authorities are providing implications that LNG bunkering infrastructure suitable for international environmental regulations is important.