• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2008.11b
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• pp.2181-2185
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• 2008

Fuel processing systems which convert HC fuel into $H_2$ rich gas (such as stream reforming, partial oxidation, auto-thermal reforming) need high temperature environment($600-1000^{\circ}C$). Generally, anode-off gas or mixture of anode-off gas and LNG is used as input gas of fuel reformer. In order to make efficient and low emission burner system for fuel reformer, it is necessary to elucidate the combustion and emission characteristic of fuel reformer burner. The purpose of this study is to develop a porous premixed flat ceramic burner that can be used for 1-5kW fuel cell reformer. Ceramic burner experiments using natural gas, hydrogen gas, anode off gas were carried out respectively to investigate the flame characteristics by heating capacity and equivalence ratio. Results show that the stable flat flames can be established for natural gas, hydrogen gas, anode off gas and mixture of natural & anode off gas as reformer fuel. For all of fuels, their burning velocities become smaller as the equivalence ratio goes to the lean mixture ratio, and a lift-off occurs at lean limit. Flame length in hydrogen and anode off gas became longer with increasing the heat capacity.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.256-259
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• 2008

The gasification of biomass, sawdust, was carried out in order to investigate gasification characteristics. The experiment was performed using a down-draft fixed bed gasifier to surpass tar components generation in the gasification process. In the experiments, we investigated synthetic gas composition by varying reaction temperature, steam/carbon ratio, and excess ratio (ER), respectively. Higher reaction temperature, $700^{\circ}C$ to $900^{\circ}C$, could obtain higher $H_2$ yield. However, we could not obtain any meaning data by varying S/C ratio. Using $O_2$-LNG burner in the top of the gasifier may surpass water-gas shift reaction by increasing $CO_2$ concentration from the LNG-$O_2$ combustion reaction.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.41-47
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• 2002

Oxygen has been used extensively in various industries for many years. Despite earlier successful attempts to use oxygen in industrial combustion furnaces, its full theoretical researches have only recently begun to be realized. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of oxygen enriched combustion. This paper analyzes the characteristics of oxygen enriched combustion, and deals with the experimental investigation of the flame temperature and NOx concentration in exhaust gas. The flame temperature, concentration of exhaust gas were measured and flame configurations were photographed according to the variation of oxygen concentrations in oxidizer.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.195-200
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• 2002

산업체 열 설비 및 동력장치는 대부분이 화석연료를 연소과정을 통한 열에너지로 변환하여 사용하는 구조로 되어있으며, 화석연료의 연소는 필연적으로 온실가스인 $CO_2$, 및 대기 오염 물질인 NOx, SOx, 등을 배출한다. 이에 화석연료의 연소에 의한 환경 및 인체에 미치는 오염물질의 저감과 열에너지의 손실을 줄이기 위해 활발한 연구가 수행되고있으며, 최근에는 연소용 공기 중에 산소를 첨가하여 연소하는 산소부화 연소, 순산소 만으로 연소시키는 방법에 대한 연구가 진행 중에 있다.(중략)

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.340-344
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• 2008

The importance of the more efficient cogeneration system is emphasized. Also the more clean energy is needed at recent energy system. The cogeneration system using Lean burn engine is more preferred to the system using Rich burn engine because of the electrical efficiency. Although the cogeneration system using Lean burn engine is economically preferred, because of the NOx emission level, the system using Rich burn engine with 3-way catalyst can only be used in Korea. The NOx regulation level is 50ppm at oxygen level 13%. The cogeneration hybrid system using Lean burn engine is up to be optimized because of the large amount of the extra-fuel at the after-burner system. The after-burner system at different concept was applied. The reduction time for the activation temperature of the DeNOx catalyst was achieved by making a hole between the combustor and boiler. Because of the lowered fuel consumption, the lowered temperature level was optimized by blocking the hole of the boiler The optimized cogeneration hybrid system consumes $76Nm^3/h$ LNG to produce 150kW electricity compared to before optimization $103Nm^3/h$ LNG. The system was accurately evaluated and the result is following ; 90% total efficiency, below 10 ppm NOx, 50ppm CO, 25ppm HC. The cogeneration hybrid system can meet the current NOx level and exhaust gas regulation. It can achieve the clean combustion gas and efficient cogeneration system.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.88-94
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• 2011

The availability of the thermal energy has been deeply recognized recently to encourage the cascade usage of thermal energy from combustion. Within the framework, a 1 kW class Stirling engine based cogeneration system has been proposed for a unit of a distributed energy system. The capacity has been designed to be adequate for the domestic usage, which requires high compactness as well as low emission and noise. To develop a highly efficient system with satisfying these requirements, a premixed slot type short flame burner has been proposed and a series of numerical simulation has been performed to establish a design tool for the combustion chamber. The thermal radiation model has been found to highly affect the computational results and a proper resolution to analyze the heat transfer characteristics of the high temperature heat exchanger. Finally, the combustion characteristics of the premixed flame with the metal fiber type burner has been studied.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2015.12a
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• pp.295-296
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• 2015

We presented the methods calculating the reduction efficiency of nitrogen oxide for the low $NO_x$ burner as the pollution prevention facilities. The standard $NO_x$ concentration was used on the emission factor of LNG, $3.7g/m^3$. The $NO_x$ reduction efficiency based on the $NO_x$ concentration was presented and the relationships between the $NO_x$ concentration and the emission factor or the specific heat emission factor were derived. These results could be accurately reflected on calculating the amount of the nitrogen oxide emissions. In addition, according to the arrangement of the low $NO_x$ burners the methods of applying their $NO_x$ reduction efficiency were proposed. The $NO_x$ reduction efficiency for the facilities consisting of the low $NO_x$ burners and the non-low $NO_x$ burners could be estimated with information about the reduction efficiency of each low $NO_x$ burners, the fuel consumption rate, and the heating value of fuel.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.1025-1030
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• 2008

We develop heat exchanger modules for a multi-burner boiler. The heat exchanger module is kind of a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG). This heat recovery system has 4 heat exchanger modules. The 1st module consists of 27 bare tubes due to high temperature exhaust gas and the others consist of 27 finned tubes. The maximum steam pressure of each module is 10 bar and tested steam pressure is 4 bar. In order to test these heat exchanger modules, we make a 0.5t/h flue tube boiler (LNG, $40\;Nm^3/h$). The test results of 100% boiler load show that heat transfer rate of 1st module is 49.7 Mcal/h which is 34% of total heat transfer rate and that of 2nd module is 82.6 Mcal/h which is 57% of total heat transfer rate. The reason of higher the heat transfer rate of 2nd module than that of 1st module is that the 2nd heat exchanger module has finned tubes instead of bare tube. The boiler load 50% results show that only 2 heat exchanger modules are needed to extract the heat from the flue gas to water. From this result, it is very important of optimum design of the first finned tube among all water tubes.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.304-312
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• 2002

In this study, the performance of the $5Nm^3/hr$ compact type steam reformer which was developed for application of fuel cell or hydrogen station was evaluated in terms of gas process efficiency. For these purposes, reforming efficiency and total efficiency with system load change were analyzed. The reforming efficiency was calculated from the total molar flow of hydrogen output over total fuel flow input to the reformer and the burner on the higher heating value(HHV). In the case of the total efficiency, recovered heat at the heat recovery exchanger was considered. From the results, it was known that system performance was stable, because methane conversion showed the a slight decline which is about 2% though increasing system load to full. Reforming efficiency was increased from 20% to 58%, respectively as increasing system load from 10% to 90%. It was found that total efficiency was higher then reforming efficiency because of terms of heat recovered. As a results, it was known that total efficiency was increased form 75% to 83% at the 10% and 90% system load, respectively. From these results, it is concluded that compact steam reformer which is composed of stacking plate-type reactors is suitable to on-site hydrogen generator or to fuel cell application because of quick start within 1 hr and good performance.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2008.11b
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• pp.2198-2203
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• 2008

Hydrogen which can be produced through reforming process of hydrocarbon fuel is supplied into anode side of fuel cell system. In the fuel cell, only 70% of hydrogen is consumed through electrochemical reaction and 30% hydrogen passed by as anode off gas. When electrical output of fuel cell is within range of 1.0 to 3.0kW, burner for the reformer uses only anode off gas. And it uses mixture gas of anode off gas and LNG within range of 3.5 to 5.0kW in electrical output. CHEMKIN 4.1 program's Premixed code was used for calculating the properties of each gas. Results show that burning velocity and adiabatic flame temperature are 34.4cm/s, 1681.7K at equivalence ratio 0.8 within range of 1.0kW to 3.0kW and for cases of 3.5kW, 5.0kW, of electrical output, burning velocity and adiabatic flame temperature represent 30.5, 29.8cm/s and 1722.8, 1750K respectively. CO shows the lowest emission index at equivalence ratio 0.8 and NOx reveals the highest emission index at equivalence ratio 1.