• Title/Summary/Keyword: LMN

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Route Optimization for LMN in Nested Mobile Network (Nested Mobile Network에서 LMN을 위한 경로 최적화 방안)

  • Shin, Min-Chul;Kim, Sang-Bok;Joe, In-Whee
    • Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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    • 2007.07a
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    • pp.9-10
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    • 2007
  • [1],[2]의 드래프트 문서에서는 Mobile Network 내부에 HA를 두고 이동하는 Mobile Node를 LMN(Local Mobile Node)라 정의하고 있다. NEMO Basic Support를 기반으로 Nested Mobile Network에서 LMN의 이동에 대한 패킷 전송 경로를 가정 할 때 이 경로는 일반적인 Nested NEMO의 경우 보다 상당히 복잡한 경로를 가지게 된다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 LMN이 이동할 경우 패킷 전송경로에 대해 분석하고, Nested NEMO에 MANET을 적용하여 LMN의 이동에 대한 경로 최적화 방안을 제안하고자 한다.

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Performance Analysis of the Distributed Location Management Scheme in Large Mobile Networks

  • Lee, Dong-Chun;Kim, Hong-Jin;Lee, Jong-Chan;Lin, Yi-Bing
    • Journal of Information Processing Systems
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    • v.1 no.1 s.1
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    • pp.55-61
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    • 2005
  • In this paper we propose a distributed location management scheme to reduce the bottleneck problem of HLR in Large Mobile Networks (LMN). Using analytical modeling and numerical simulation, we show that replicating location information is both appropriate and efficient for small mobile networks. Then, we extend the scheme in a hierarchical environment to reduce the overhead traffic and scale to LMN. In numerical results, we show the superiority of our scheme compared to the current IS-95 standard scheme in IMT-2000 networks.

Electrophysiological Studies in the Diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (근위축성 측삭경화증의 진단에 있어서 전기진단학적 검사)

  • Lee, Dong Kuck
    • Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.1-13
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    • 2004
  • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects motor neurons. The characteristic features of this devastating disorder are the simultaneous presence of upper and lower motor neuron (LMN) signs with progression from one region of the neuraxis to the next and eventual death, typically from respiratory compromise. Electrophysiological studies are an indispensible part of the ALS evaluation, especially serving as an extension of the clinical examination, and most useful in identifying LMN dysfunction. Not only may electrodiagnostic studies reveal characteristic changes in those regions clinically manifesting signs, but it also serves to disclose asymptomatic areas of involvement.

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Substructure/fluid subdomain coupling method for large vibroacoustic problems

  • El Maani, Rabii;El Hami, Abdelkhalak;Radi, Bouchaib
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • v.65 no.4
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    • pp.359-368
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    • 2018
  • Dynamic analysis of complex and large structures may be costly from a numerical point of view. For coupled vibroacoustic finite element models, the importance of reducing the size becomes obvious because the fluid degrees of freedom must be added to the structural ones. In this paper, a component mode synthesis method is proposed for large vibroacoustic interaction problems. This method couples fluid subdomains and dynamical substructuring of Craig and Bampton type. The acoustic formulation is written in terms of the velocity potential, which implies several advantages: coupled algebraic systems remain symmetric, and a potential formulation allows a direct extension of Craig and Bampton's method to acoustics. Those properties make the proposed method easy to implement in an existing finite element code because the local numerical treatment of substructures and fluid subdomains is undifferentiated. Test cases are then presented for axisymmetric geometries. Numerical results tend to prove the validity and the efficiency of the proposed method.

Comparison study of effects of magnetic therapy at Hap-Kok(LI4 ) on the thermal change of Chun-Choo(ST25) in man (합곡(合谷)(L14)의 자침(刺鍼)과 자석외첩(磁石外貼)이 천추(天樞)(S25) 부분(部分) 영역(領域)의 온도변화(溫度變化)에 미치는 영향(影響) 비교(比較))

  • Baek Tae-Ho;Park Ryoung-Jun
    • Journal of Korean Medical Ki-Gong Academy
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.22-39
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    • 2001
  • This study is designed to compare the effect of a needle with the magnet on body. We took the skin temperature of the belly with digital infrared thermographic imaging while we sticked needle and apply magnets on L14. We made experiments on 40 healthy male volunteers for one month. We classified control group not acupuncture or magnet adhering(CON). acupuncture group on left and right L14(LA). and the permanent magnet group adhering to left and right(LM). And LM is divided into S-polar permanent magnet group(LMS) and N-polar permanent magnet group adhering to left and right L14(LMN). When we observed that temperature changed with time, the skin temperature of th belly in CON descended significantly but LM, LMS and LMN is not changed significantly. As mentioned above. we observed that the needles on L14 affected the change of temperature on the belly, and conjectured that the appliance of magnets had the same results. If the mechanism depends on the meridian of body and energy. we suppose that the appliance of magnets and needles has same effects.

Rethinking Disaster Prevention Design: Educating the Public Using Narrative-Based Simulation

  • Kang, Sunwoo;Han, Myeong Ah
    • Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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    • 2016.05a
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    • pp.251-252
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    • 2016
  • The vast majority of the disaster prevention design research in Korea has focused on the macro-level interventions such as examining the existing systems and approaches, instituting revised policies, systematically establishing intervention programs, and evaluating the effectiveness of the interventions. However, little has focused on systematically challenging individuals' awareness using micro-level intervention. The present paper introduces approaches to micro-level intervention by infusing narrative-based simulation, and further suggests the implications on balancing the approaches of both micro-level and macro-level interventions.

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Altered Peripheral Nerve Excitability Properties in Acute and Subacute Supratentorial Ischemic Stroke (급성 및 아급성 천막상 허혈성 뇌졸중에서 발생하는 말초신경 흥분성 변화)

  • Seo, Jung Hwa;Ji, Ki Whan;Chung, Eun Joo;Kim, Sang Gin;Kim, Oeung Kyu;Paeing, Sung Hwa;Bae, Jong Seok
    • Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.64-71
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    • 2012
  • Background: It is generally accepted that upper motor neuron (UMN) lesion can alter lower motor neuron (LMN) function by the plasticity of neural circuit. However there have been only few researches regarding the axonal excitability of LMN after UMN injury especially during the acute stage. The aim of this study was to investigate the nerve excitability properties of the LMNs following an acute to subacute supratentorial corticospinal tract lesion. Methods: An automated nerve excitability test (NET) using the threshold tracking technique was utilized to measure multiple excitability indices in median motor axons of 15 stroke patients and 20 controls. Testing of both paretic and non-paretic side was repeated twice, during the acute stage and subacute stage. The protocols calculated the strength-duration time constant from the duration-charge curve, parameters of threshold electrotonus (TE), the current-threshold relationship from sequential sub-threshold current, and the recovery cycle from sequential supra-threshold stimulation. Results: On the paretic side, compared with the control group, significant decline of superexcitablity and increase in the relative refractory period were observed during the subacute stage of stroke. Additionally, despite the absence of statistical significance, a mildly collapsing in ('fanning in') of the TE was found. Conclusions: Our results suggest that supratentorial brain lesions can affect peripheral axonal excitability even during the early stage. The NET pattern probably suggests background membrane depolarization of LMNs. These features could be associated with trans-synaptic regulation of UMNs to LMNs as one of the "neural plasticity" mechanisms in acute brain injury.

Spinal Lymphoma in a Cat (고양이에서 척수림프종의 발생례)

  • 권오경;홍성혁
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.279-284
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    • 2000
  • A 3.5kg, 3-year-old castrated male Japanese domestic cat withpelvic limb ataxia and dysuria was referred to the Veterinary Medical Center of the Tokyo University. On the neurologic examination findings, both pelivic had a LMN paresis. The cat was FeLV positive and FIV negative. Radiographic findings did not identify the spinal lesions. In magnetic resonance images(MRI) of the lumbar spinal cord, the cat had the lesions in the lumbar(L) 1 and L3, characterized by hyperintensity on a transverse T2-weighted and T1-weighted images, and contrast enhancement was evident. The mass removed by dorsal laminectomy. Histopathological examination of the mass revealed spinal lymphoma. Three weeks after the surgery, the cat administered chemotherapy protocol for lymphoma by current protocol. Two weeks after chemotherapy, the cat had a metastasis to bone marrow and died.

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Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization of Manganese(II), Iron(III) and Cobalt(III) Complexes of Macrocyclic Ligand. Potential of Cobalt(III) Complex in Biological Activity

  • El-Tabl, Abdou S.;Shakdofa, Mohamad M.E.;El-Seidy, Ahmed M.A.
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.55 no.6
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    • pp.919-925
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    • 2011
  • A new series of manganese(II), iron(III) and cobalt(III) complexes of 14-membered macrocyclic ligand, (3,6,10,13,16,19-hexaazabicyclo[6.6.6]icosane-1,8-diamine) have been prepared and characterized by elemental analyses, IR, UV-VIS, $^1H$- and $^{13}C$- NMR spectra, magnetic susceptibilities, conductivities, and ESR measurements. Molar conductance measurements in DMF solution indicate that the complexes are electrolytes. The ESR spectrum for cobalt(III) complex in $CD_3OD+10%D_2O$ after exposure to $^{60}Co-{\gamma}$-rays at 77 K using a 0.2217 M rad $h^{-1}$ vicrad source showed $g_{\perp}$ > $g_{\parallel}$ > $g_e$, indicating that, the unpaired electron site is mainly present in the $d_z2$ orbital with covalent bond character. In this case, the ligand hyperfine tensors are nearly collinear with ${\gamma}$-tensors, so there is no major tendency to bend. Therefore, little extra delocalization via the ring lobe of the $dz^2$ orbital occurs. However, the ESR spectrum in solid state after exposure to $^{60}Co-{\gamma}$-rays at 77 K showed $g_{\parallel}$ > $g_{\perp}$ > $g_e$, indicating that, the unpaired electron site is mainly present in the $d_x2_{-y}2$ ground state as the resulting spectrum contains a large number of randomly oriented molecules provided that, the principle directions of g and A tensors. Manganese (II) complex 2, $[H_{12}LMn]Cl_4.2H_2O$, showed six isotropic lines characteristic to an unpaired electron interacting with a nucleus of spin 5/2, however, iron(III) complex 3, $[H_{12}LFe]Cl_5.H_2O$, showed spectrum of a high spin $^{57}Fe$ (I=1/2), $d^5$ configuration. The geometry of these complexes was supported by elemental analyses, IR, electronic and ESR spectral studies. Complex 1 showed exploitation in reducing the amount of electron adducts formed in DNA during irradiation with low radiation products.