• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.65 no.5
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• pp.719-729
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• 2022

Objective : The ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF) is one of the major causes of thoracic myelopathy. Surgical decompression with or without instrumented fusion is the mainstay of treatment. However, few studies have reported on the added effect of instrumented fusion. The objective of this study was to compare clinical and radiological outcomes between surgical decompression without instrumented fusion (D-group) and that with instrumented fusion (F-group). Methods : A retrospective review was performed on 28 patients (D-group, n=17; F-group, n=11) with thoracic myelopathy due to OLF. The clinical parameters compared included scores of the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA), the Visual analogue scale of the back and leg (VAS-B and VAS-L), and the Korean version of the Oswestry disability index (K-ODI). Radiological parameters included the sagittal vertical axis (SVA), the pelvic tilt (PT), the sacral slope (SS), the thoracic kyphosis angle (TKA), the segmental kyphosis angle (SKA) at the operated level, and the lumbar lordosis angle (LLA; a negative value implying lordosis). These parameters were measured preoperatively, 1 year postoperatively, and 2 years postoperatively, and were compared with a linear mixed model. Results : After surgery, all clinical parameters were significantly improved in both groups, while VAS-L was more improved in the F-group than in the D-group (-3.4±2.5 vs. -1.3±2.2, p=0.008). Radiological outcomes were significantly different in terms of changes in TKA, SKA, and LLA. Changes in TKA, SKA, and LLA were 2.3°±4.7°, -0.1°±1.4°, and -1.3°±5.6° in the F-group, which were significantly lower than 6.8°±6.1°, 3.0°±2.8°, and 2.2°±5.3° in the D-group, respectively (p=0.013, p<0.0001, and p=0.037). Symptomatic recurrence of OLF occurred in one patient of the D-group at postoperative 24 months. Conclusion : Clinical improvement was achieved after decompression surgery for OLF regardless of whether instrumented fusion was added. However, adding instrumented fusion resulted in better outcomes in terms of lessening the progression of local and regional kyphosis and improving leg pain. Decompression with instrumented fusion may be a better surgical option for thoracic OLF.

• Proceedings of the Microbiological Society of Korea Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.211.3-211
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• 2005

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.197-200
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 IEEE 802.11a 무선 LAN 용 CODEC 회로를 설계하고, VHDL 코딩과 FPGA에 의한 회로설계 검증에 관해 기술한다. IEEE 802.lla WLAN CODEC의 구조는 크게 데이터 보호를 위한 스크램블러/디스크램블러, 채널 에러에 대한 정보보호를 위한 Convolutional 부호기와 Viterbi 복호기로 구성된 채널 코덱, 그리고 연집에러를 랜덤 에러로 변화시키는 인터리버/디인터리버로 구성된다. 본 논문에서는, 이와 같은 CODEC의 각 부분을 하드웨어로 구현하기 위한 새로운 회로구성을 제안하고, 그 성능을 VHDL 코딩에 의한 시뮬레이션과 FPGA에 의한 하드웨어 검증 결과를 제시한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Electromagnetic Engineering Society Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.335-340
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• 2005

In this paper, the triple-band planar monopole antennas are designed for cellular communication, WiBro and WLAN(IEEE802.llb/g) communication and WLAN(IEEE802.lla) communication of 5GHz band. Various types of antennas are designed and examined experimentally as bended in the low and middle band radiation elements to decrease antennas size and increased radiation elements width to improve bandwidth. The proposed antennas are improved by 11% in antenna size with bended low-band radiation elements down and are extended by 30%$\sim$40% in bandwidth by increasing the width of the radiation element at 800MHz band.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.102-108
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• 1991

Raw adlay powder(RAP)was prepared and the changes of triglyceride composition in RAP lipid during storage at $35^{\circ}C$ for six months were studied. The RAP lipid consisted of 28 kinds of triglycerides and the major triglyceride in RAP lipid were those of OOL(24.14%), OLL(24.06%), OOO(12.58%), POL(9.01%), POO(8.87%), LLL(7.91%)and PLL(5.80%). During the storage at $35^{\circ}C$ for six months, the relative amounts of the triglyceride containing linoleic acid(OLL : 15.25%, LLL : 2.93%)considerably decreased, but those containing oleic acid(OOO : 23.77%. POO : 12.62%) increased. The triglycerides of LLA(0.44%)and PPLn(0.12%)disappeared during the storage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.235-243
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• 2020

Lumbar Lordosis Angle (LLA) is an index that can be used to evaluate the curvature of the lumbar vertebrae. It can measure the structural stability of the lumbar spine and the stability of each segment of the vertebral column at the intervertebral disc angle (IDA). Especially, our data shows it is found to be a strong positive correlation between obesity and the angle of lordosis for lumbar vertebrae. Also, the reason for the large IDA in the case of obesity seems to be the result of the weakening of anatomical structure as well as the gravity effect. And, the obesity interferes with normal sagittal balance and fails to maintain a straight posture with minimal energy. Therefore, the obesity can be an important factor in causing back pain by changing the lumbar lordosis.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.240-250
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• 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study was to characterize the movement of adjacent segments that occurred when posteroanterior joint mobilization was applied to the 3rd lumbar and thereby to provide basic clinical data. Design: Randomized controlled trial design. Methods: While the subjects were receiving posteroanterior joint mobilization of the 3rd lumbar vertebra, LD (lumbar displacement), LID (lumbar intervertebral distance), LIA (lumbar intervertebral angle), and LLA (lumbar lordosis angle) were measured using X-ray, and the data were then analyzed. Changes before and after posteroanterior joint mobilization were analyzed using a paired-sample t-test, and a one-way ANOVA of variance was performed to determine the difference between segmental movements. In addition, Pearson's correlation analysis was performed to determine the correlation between segmental movements. Results: The results revealed that there was a significant change in LD before and after the application of joint mobilization of the 3rd lumbar in all lumbar vertebrae (p<0.000), among which the 2nd lumbar vertebra, an adjacent segment, showed the most significant change. A significant change in LIA angle was observed in all segments (p<0.000), with the most significant change observed between the 2nd and 3rd lumbar vertebrae. There was a significant change in LLA before and after the application of posteroanterior joint mobilization (p<0.000). The correlation analysis showed a high correlation between displacement of the 3rd lumbar vertebra and displacement of all the other lumbar vertebrae. Conclusions: The presence of kinematic movements of the lumbar vertebrae when segmental movements were generated through the application of posteroanterior joint mobilization of the 3rd lumbar vertebra.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.529-532
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 생체 적합성이 뛰어난 HA와 생분해성고분자인 PLLA와의 낮은 혼합성을 개선하기 위하여 HA를 화학적으로 개질하여 PLLA와의 특정 상호 작용력을 부여함으로서 HA/PLLA 복합체의 기계적 물성을 높이는 연구를 수행하였다. TGA분석으로부터 개질된 HA은 6wt% lactic acid 와 7 wt% DLA가 반응하였으며 HA에 비하여 유기용매에 대한 분산안정성이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 용매-비용매 방법으로 제조된 HAAD/PLLA 복합체는 DSC측정으로부터 개질된 HA의 DLA 사슬과 PLLA의 LLA사이에 스테레오 콤플렉스를 형성에 의하여 HA가 PLLA사이에 균일하게 분산되었고 상분리 구조의 미개질 HA/PLLA 복합체에 비하여 기계적 물성이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Cognitive Science Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.15-19
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• 2006

이 논문은 국어 간투사 '아'와 '어'의 운율 유형을 살펴보고, 그 운율 유형이 담화상의 기능과 어떤 연관을 갖는지 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 간투사의 지속 시간은 후행 발화의 존재 여부에 따라 달라지면 '아'의 경우 '어'보다 뒤에 강세구가 더 많이 형성되는 양상을 보였다. '아'는 강세구 성조 LLa, LHa, 또는 경계 성조 L+L%, L+HL%로 나타났으며, '어'의 경우 경계 성조만 L+L%, L+HL%, HH%으로 나타났다. 두 간투사 모두 발화 상황이나 현재 상황에 대한 의외성이 클수록 발화 지속 시간이 짧고, 구 성조나 경계성조가 고조로 나타난다. 반대로 화자가 발화를 이해하는 정도가 깊고 이미 알고 있는 것을 다시 상기한다거나 오해를 해결했을 경우, 발화 지속 시간이 길어지고, 운율은 저조에서 수평조로 형성된다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Multimedia Society Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.185-190
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• 1998

다양화 및 이질화되어 가는 통신망을 효과적이고 통합적으로 관리하기 위해 TMN(Telecommunication Management Network)개념이 등장하게 되었고, 관리 대상이 실자원이나 시스템, 소프트웨어 등에 국한되지 않고 서비스 영역으로 확대됨에 따라 이 서비스 영역의 관리가 필요하게 되었다. 또한 ATM 망은 구성이 복잡하고 기존 망에 비해 서비스가 확대되었으며, 고속 정보처리로 인한 망 관리 시간의 제한, 다양한 트래픽으로 인한 QoS 관리의 어려움 등의 문제가 대두되었다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 ATM 망의 성능과 QoS 관리를 위한 정보 모델을 설계하였고, ATM 망 성능 및 QoS 관리 에이전트 시스템을 TMN LLA 개념에 따라 설계하였으며, 패트리네트 모델링과 도달성 트리를 이용하여 시스템 모듈의 설계를 검증하였다.