• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.47
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• pp.77-100
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• 2017

Memoirs of Hadrian is a representative historical novel of Yourcenar which focuses on the personal history of the Emperor Hadrian of Rome and on his inner side. This study focuses on the love story of Hadrian and Antinous, and examines the specificity of their love in relation to the homosexual culture of ancient Greece, especially pedophilia. Through this topic, we have analyzed the causes of the tragic death of Antinous by capturing the progression of a cycle of pedophilia, a young boy (Eromenos), that grows into manhood as Erastes. This study defines the emperor's efforts to restore Antinous in his own way after a failed love, as a passion toward totality. Therefore, we see the two figures as a process of mythology in which the pie of tragic destiny is transferred to the myth of androgyny that becomes one body and one unity in pedophilia. We see this ancient myth as a concept contrasting with the sense of pedophilia of the emperor, who arbitrarily distinguished between love and pleasure, and believed that the affection calculated with calmness and indifference was a harmony of love. This study explains the intention of Yourcenar in her work to present the value of empathic love, especially sacredness and sublime, which should be a part of sensual love. It also reminds us of the importance of sagacity that a person with power must hold in the happiest and most loving moments of life.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.177-189
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• 2021

Defense R&D is a key process for securing weapons systems determined by mid- and long-term needs to cope with changing future battlefield environments. In particular, the test and evaluation provides information necessary to determine whether or not to switch to mass production as the last gateway to research and development of weapons systems and plays an important role in ensuring performance linked to the life cycle of weapons systems. Meanwhile, if you look at the recent changes in the operational environment of the Korean Peninsula and the defense acquisition environment, you can see three main characteristics. First of all, continuous safety accidents occurred during the operation of the weapon system, which increased social interest in the safety of combatants, and the efficient execution of the limited defense budget is required as acquisition costs increase. In addition, strategic approaches are needed to respond to future battlefield environments such as robots, autonomous weapons systems (RAS), and cyber security test and evaluation. Therefore, in this study, we would like to present strategies for improving the testing and evaluation of weapons systems by considering the characteristics of the security environment that has changed recently. To this end, the improvement strategy was derived by analyzing the complementary elements of the current weapon system operational test and evaluation system in a multi-dimensional model and prioritized through the hierarchical analysis method (AHP).

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.127-140
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• 2021

At the estuaries of Bonggang and Miryong streams in the Korean southern coast, the spatiotemporal distribution and habitat environment of a nerite snail, Clithon retropictum (Gastropoda: Neritidae), which has been assigned as a legally protected species of Korea, were explored. Physicochemical environmental factors such as water temperature, salinity, tidal level distribution as well as biotic environments (chlorophyll-a concentration and epilithic microalgae composition) were monitored every month. The relationships between the environmental factors and spatiotemporal distribution of the nerite snail population were analyzed. Water temperature, salinity, and water level varied by season and lunar tidal rhythm. The spatiotemporal distribution of the nerite snail was mostly related to water salinity. Among epilithic algae which were the priority prey of snails, blue-green algae and green algae dominated in summer and autumn, while diatoms predominated during winter and spring. Chlorophyll-a concentration was highly and positively correlated with the population density of the nerite snail. The correlation coefficients were different depending on the taxon (Family) of epilithic algae. The mean population density was 302.2 inds m^-2 and 271.8 inds m^-2 in Bonggang Stream and Miryong Stream, respectively. The egg capsules of the nerite snail in the two habitats were observed from March (in Bonggang Stream) or April (in Miryong Stream) to August, and newly hatched juveniles recruited in the habitats from August were assessed with regard to frequency distributions of shell width. The occurrence of large-sized snails in upper stream reaches of both Bonggang and Miryong indicated the movement of spats from the mouth to the upper reaches during the whole life cycle.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.247-256
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• 2021

Understanding the selective feeding behavior of zooplankton on phytoplankton is essential for evaluating the nutrient cycle and energy flow in the food web. Although many studies have been conducted regarding the feeding behaviors of zooplankton through gut content analyses, there are limitations in the visual identification of digested contents using a microscope. DNA techniques have been applied to overcome these limitations since they can detect and amplify small amounts of prey DNA remaining in the gut contents. We designed a method to extract prey DNA from the gut contents of the whole body of the copepod specimen and tested the resolution of DNA identification for the prey phytoplankton. The common brackish species, Sinocalanus tenellus, were collected from Saemangeum Reservoir in different sites and seasons, and gut content DNA was extracted using 2.5% bleach treatment for 2 min for removal of potential contamination sources existing in preserved specimens without dissolution of the body. The sequences of the extracted gut contents were confirmed using BLASTn suite based on the NCBI database. The phytoplankton species detected in the gut showed temporal and spatial differences. Although DNA analysis of small copepod gut contents has been suggested as an effective method to examine the dynamics of primary prey sources at the genus or species level, uncertainties such as misidentification and limitations in the detailed information of the composition still exist.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.721-728
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition (BC) or backmuscle strength (BS). Sixty-one participants were measured by BMD using ultrasound bone densitometry and Inbody for BC (i.e., SLM=Soft lean mass, SMM=Skeletal muscle mass, FS=Fitness score. et al.), BS after self-questionnaire for life cycle. This study was performed after approving Institutional Review Board and obtaining the informed concent from all participants. Participants was divided into two group by BMD T-score; $T-score{\geq}-1.0$, T-score<-1.0. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS ver. 22.0(USA), Spearma test for correlation between BMD and BC or BS. BMD or SLM, BS was increased with increasing physical activity or body mass index. SMM or SMM, FS of BMD $T-score{\geq}-1.0$ group was higher than that of T-score <-1.0 group as well as BS(p>0.05). BMD T-score was correlated positively with SLM(r= 0.424) or SMM(r= 0.431) in men, as well as in women(p<0.05). BS was correlated positively with SLM or SMM, FS. BS was significantly positive correlated with BMD in women group (r= 0.591, p= 0.001), but not in men group. We concluded that BMD is the relationship with SLM or SMM, as well as BS in women.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.109 no.4
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• pp.361-370
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• 2020

Long-term observation of the life cycle of plants allows the identification of critical signals of the effects of climate change on plants. Indeed, plant phenology is the simplest approach to detect climate change. Observation of seasonal changes in plants using digital repeat imaging helps in overcoming the limitations of both traditional methods and satellite remote sensing. In this study, we demonstrate the utility of camera-based repeat digital imaging in this context. We observed the biological events of plants and quantified their phenophases in the northern temperate type deciduous broadleaf forest of Jeombong Mountain. This study aimed to identify trends in seasonal characteristics of Quercus mongolica (deciduous broadleaf forest) and Pinus densiflora (evergreen coniferous forest). The vegetation index, green chromatic coordinate (GCC), was calculated from the RGB channel image data. The magnitude of the GCC amplitude was smaller in the evergreen coniferous forest than in the deciduous forest. The slope of the GCC (increased in spring and decreased in autumn) was moderate in the evergreen coniferous forest compared with that in the deciduous forest. In the pine forest, the beginning of growth occurred earlier than that in the red oak forest, whereas the end of growth was later. Verification of the accuracy of the phenophases showed high accuracy with root-mean-square error (RMSE) values of 0.008 (region of interest [ROI]1) and 0.006 (ROI3). These results reflect the tendency of the GCC trajectory in a northern temperate type deciduous broadleaf forest. Based on the results, we propose that repeat imaging using digital cameras will be useful for the observation of phenophases.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.759-767
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• 2021

Most weapons systems that are Force Integration are expensive equipment that reflects the latest technology, and the operation and maintenance cost is increasing continuously. Factors that efficiently operate and maintain these weapon systems include maintenance plans, economic costs, and repair part requirements. Among them, predicting the repair parts requirements during the life cycle in advance is an important way to increase operation and maintenance cost efficiency and operating availability. The start of requirement analysis for repair parts is a calculation of the CSP (CSP: Concurrent Spare parts, CSP hereafter) that is distributed when the weapon system is deployed. The CSP is an essential component of achieving the operating availability during this period because the weapon system aims to successfully perform a given operation mission without resupply for an initial set period. In the present study, the CSP calculation method was analyzed, reflecting the failure rate and operating time of items, but the analyzed CSP was aimed at preparing for technical failure, but in the initial operating environment, it is limited in coping with unexpected failures caused by human error. The failure is not included in the scope of free maintenance and is a serious factor in making the weapon system inoperable during the initial operation period. To prevent the inoperable status of a weapon system, CSP that considers human error is required in the initial operating environment, and the calculation criteria and measures are proposed.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.194-200
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• 2021

The aim of this study was proceed for 6weeks to determine the effect of middle-aged women's upper lips ms by SUKI programs. A total of 20 subjects were tested, and the SUKI arbitration programs of Pattern T1, Pattern T2, Pattern T3, Pattern T4 were adopted three times a week in six weeks. The results were as this. It showed a significant difference in the EG, although some of the intra-group comparisons of the upper lip ms. Therefore, SUKI programs have been shown to help improve the elasticity of the upper lip ms(p<.05). In this study, the SUKI program was used based on the fact that although limited, the elasticity of the upper lip ms, located in the facial part of a middle-aged woman, causes various wrinkles around her mouth, making them lose confidence in their appearance. This also suggests that normal facial ms can affect the appearance of the female middle-aged woman, and it was intended to suggest some ways to manage the appearance by proper management of facial muscle according to the life cycle of the female middle-aged woman. In conclusion, we hope that in the future, various experiments will be used as new research data on how to prevent women's facial skin beauty and wrinkles and help improve elasticity of facial muscles around the mouth.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2021

The Calendar(曆法) has been a very important concern in every dynasty of history.『Hyupgiltongui』 written in the Joseon Dynasty included many contents related to the Calendar. In particular, the ancient rule of the Calendar(曆律) shown in the text of 『Hyupgiltongui』 Bonwon chapter one is meaningful in the process of creating the necessary Calendar for selection and reading fortune. Accordingly, we tried to analyze the rule of the Calendar(曆律) that is the fundamental principle of the Calandar(曆法) and the almanac which can be used in real life, based on comparative analysis of 『Hyupgibyeonbangseo』, 『Sanggiltongseo』 and 『Cheongidaeyo』, which are the basis of 『Hyupgiltongui』. Saju Myung-ri is the scheme of time change by the combination of Ganji (Celestial Stems). Therefore, the core of the calendar system is to make four pillars by the year, month, day, and time. For doing this, 『Hyupgiltongui』 provides basic principles and materials for making four pillars using constellations like 28 Fixed Stars, as well as does simple composition principle for telling fortune such as Ten Celestial Stems, Twelve Zodiac Signs, the order of four seasons(四序), Yukjin(六辰) and Sexagenary Cycle (甲曆). However, despite the limitations of the results produced by the rule of the Calendar(曆律), we came to the conclusion that if reading fortune in Saju(四柱簡明) is to find good one(吉) in terms of understanding it as the rule of predicting future(術法) not science, its usefulness cannot be ignored.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.374-387
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• 2020

This study was conducted to provide basic data for monitoring the trend of ecosystem change and establishing management plans for wetland protection areas by understanding the status of naturalized plants. In 21 wetland protection areas, 129 taxa, including 10 invasive alien species, were recorded. The naturalized plants appeared mostly as 71 taxa in the Chimsil wetland and were not observed in the Moojechineup and Sumeunmulbaengdui wetlands. Among the naturalized plants, 42 taxa (32.6%) originated from North America. Annual and biennial plants accounted for 68.2% (88 taxa). The frequencies of occurrence of naturalized plants growing in dry secondary grasses such as Erigeron annuus and Trifolium repens were high, and clonal plants that propagated by making stolons and struck roots accounted for 19.4% (25 taxa). The naturalized and urbanization indices showed positive correlations with location factors such as wetland, agricultural land, and used area. However, a negative correlation was found between altitude and forest. Therefore, a management plan that synthetically considers the occurrence frequency and growth characteristics of naturalized plants as well as the locational characteristics of wetland protection areas is required.