• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.532-538
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to find correlation between EGG and HRV parameters in dyspeptic patients. 39 patients (male 8, female 31) were enrolled. EGG and HRV was measured in all patients. EGG parameters like % of gastric slow wave and power ratio were used to classify patients as normal or abnormal EGG groups. HRV parameters which were included TP (total power), LF(low frequency density), HF (high frequency density), and LF/HF ratio were compared between them. EGG parameters were compared among normal, sympathetic hyperactivity, and parasympathetic hyperactivity groups classified by LF/HF ratio. There was no difference in HRV parameters between normal and abnormal EGG groups. Comparing EGG parameters among normal, sympathetic hyperactivity, and parasympathetic hyperactivity groups, both sympathetic and parasympathetic hyperactivity groups had lower value of postprandial regularity of gastric slow wave than normal group. Abnormal value of LF/HF ratio(both sympathetic and parasympathetic hyperactivity) may be related with disturbance of electrical gastric activity in patients with dyspepsia.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.173-180
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• 2009

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the evaluation of gastrointestinal parasympathetic nerve activity by comparing between HRV and bowel sound parameters in patients with functional dyspepsia. Methods : 62 patients (male 22, female 40) were enrolled. HRV was measured in all patients. and TP (total power), LF (low frequency density: 0.04$\sim$0.15Hz), HF (high frequency density: 0.15$\sim$0.4Hz). and LF/HF ratio were analyzed. HF band is a reflection of parasympathetic activity. and the LF-to-HF ratio is considered a marker of sympathovagal balance. Bowel sounds were recorded at the day after, and postprandial %BS was used to indicate the gastric vagal activity after eating. HRV and bowel sound parameters were compared. and correlation between them was analyzed. Results : There was no difference in LF/HF ratio between patient group and healthy group of other report. According to values of %BS, each patient was classified into a normal (>6 %BS) or hypoactivity (<6 %BS) of gastric vagus nerve group. HF component of the hypoactivity group was not significantly higher than that of the normal group. There was no correlation between HRV and bowel sound parameters. Conclusions : Because no correlation was found between HRV and bowel sound parameters in patients with functional dyspepsia, we concluded that it is not proper to evaluate gastric vagus nerve activity by HRV measurement.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.30-36
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• 2020

This study aimed to investigate heart rate variability (HRV) characteristics of cold pattern with repeated measurement data. Participants were taken from a Daejeon University cohort study from 2015 to 2018. Forty-seven of the participants studied displayed cold pattern while 23 showed signs of non-cold pattern. HRV was measured in supine position for 5 minutes at each year, and an 8-item cold pattern questionnaire was used for the diagnosis of cold pattern. SDNN (standard deviation of the NN intervals) and RMSSD (the square root of the mean squared differences of successive NN intervals) were used as time domain analysis, and TP (total power), VLF (power in very low frequency range), LF (power in low frequency range), HF (power in high frequency range), LF norm (LF power in normalized units), HF norm (HF power in normalized units) and LF/HF were used as frequency domain analysis. In the Mann-Whitney U test, LF norm, HF norm, and LF/HF showed differences between the cold pattern group and non-cold pattern group at every measurement, and in the independent t-test, the differences were also observed at three points except for the baseline (2015). In the repeated measures ANOVA, the interaction effects were not observed in all HRV parameters, but the time period effects were observed in SDNN, RMSSD, TP, VLF, LF and HF. There were significant differences between those two groups in LF norm, HF norm and LF/HF. This study suggests that LF norm, HF norm and LF/HF might be a useful indicator of cold pattern properties.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.97-103
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• 2007

The object of this study is to evaluate confounding effect of sleeping behavior on heart rate variability (HRV) in healthy volunteers during a randomized clinical trial. From 6 healthy volunteer, we acquired circadian electrocardiography(ECG) with a Holter monitoring device(DigiTrak Plus, Philips). The compatible analytical program, Zymed, was used for calculation of RR intervals of 24h ECG signal. Then, we generated HRV signals and calculated 9 HRV parameters in time domain and frequency domain for every 30 minute with Matlab 6.x software. We also encoded participants' activities as follows; stable condition(1), sleeping behavior(2), eating behavior(3), and undefined condition(4). Using SPSS 12.0, we tested if there was any difference between HRV parameters of day-time and night-time and between those of a subject in stable condition and in sleeping behavior. As a result, one of the most important parameter-LF/HF ratio, which indicates the autonomic balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, as same the other parameters, showed large inter-individual variations in circadian profiles. And, the mean LF/HF ratio of each participant was different between in stable condition and in sleeping behavior (p<.05). Consequently, the effect of sleeping behavior must be considered when one or more of HRV parameters, especially LF/HF ratio, are used as assessment index in clinical studies.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.131-136
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• 2005

The selective extraction behavior of lactoferrin (Lf) from whey protein mixture was examined using reverse micelles formed by the cationic surfactant, cetyldimethylammonium bromide (CDAB). The major whey proteins, including ${\beta}$-lactoglobulin, ${\alpha}$-lactalbumin and bovine serum albumin, were solubilized from aqueous phase to organic phase while Lf was recovered in the aqueous phase. The solubilization behaviors of the proteins were manipulated by the process parameters such as the pH and salt concentration of the aqueous phase and the surfactant concentration in the organic phase. Efficient forward extraction was achieved with sodium borate buffer (50 mM, pH 9) containing 50 mM KCl and organic phase containing 100 mM CDAB. Based on SDS-PAGE and densitometry, about 96% of the initial Lf remained in the aqueous phase after forward extraction. The dialyzed Lf fully maintained its bacteriostatic activity against E. coli O157:H7.

• 한국건강관리협회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.28-38
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• 2006

Background : Phentermine classified by "sympathomimmetic amie", is a stimulant of sympatheic tone But there has been no concrete study which presents the influence of phentermine on autonomic nervous system. Analysis of Heart rate variability is reliable, non-invasive and very useful for evaluating function of autonomic nervous system. We tried to elucidate the influence of phentermine on autonomic nervovs system by heart rate variability. MethodsAmong the 70 candidates who participated in the double-blind case control study whichwas designed in purpose of approving whether- Adipekⓓ is effective for treatment of obesity, 45persons were folled up. From April, 2005 to May 2005, HRV of the candidates who takes phentermine or placebo for 1month, was recorded using BFM-5000ⓓ(medi-core) for 5 minutes in resting state. HRV measures were assessed by time-domain and by frequency- domain analysis. Time domain parameters contain SDNN(Standard Deviation of NN intervals) and RMSSD(Root-Mean-Square of Successive Differences), etc and frequency domain Parameters contain Total Power(TP), Low frequency(LF'0.04-0.15Hz) power. High Frequency(HF:0.15-0.4Hz) power and LF/HF ratio etc. Results: Intakes of phentermine reduce HRV significant1y. SDNN & RMSSD, the main tine domain parameters of HRV, were decreased significantly(P=0.007. 0.016). PSI(Physical Stress Index of Pressure Index) was increase significantly(P=0.002)The main frequency domain parameters(TP, LF & VLF), also decreased significantly. (P=0.024,0.033, 0.015)Conclusion: The result showed that intakes of phentermine reduce heart rate variability and influence on most parameters of HRV. So phentermine not only accelerates sympathetic tone, but also inhibit the balance and function of autonomic nervous system.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.139-148
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• 2012

Purpose: A study was designed to compare heart rate variability (HVR) of older adults with postprandial hypotension (PPH) with older adults with no PPH. Methods: The samples were community-dwelling older adults (${\geq}$ 60 years old) with PPH (n=35) and without PPH (n=35). HRV was measured by 10 minutes of electrocardiography using Physiolab 400 and analyzed in time domain (SDNN) and with power spectral analysis in frequency domain (TP, LF, HF, LF/HF). Blood pressure was measured every 15 minutes before and until 120 minutes after the meal. Results: All HRV parameters were lower in the PPH group compared to those with no PPH. Specifically the measures of SDNN, TP, LF, and LF/HF of the PPH group were significantly lower (U=385.0, $p$=.008; U=361.0, $p$=.003; U=375.0, $p$=.005; U=368.0, $p$=.004, respectively). Further, the LF and LF/HF of SBP (${\geq}140$ mmHg) group and the LF/HF of DBP (${\geq}$ 90 mmHg) group were significantly lower ($x^2$=6.33, $p$=.042; $x^2$=33.10, $p$ <.001; $x^2$=11.03, $p$=.004, respectively). Conclusion: These findings indicate that the autonomic nervous functions in persons with PPH are less activated than those persons with no PPH. The findings contribute to an understanding of HRV and the association of autonomic nervous function with the mechanism of PPH.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.81-97
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• 2021

Objectives This study was designed to identify the changes of autonomic nervous system (ANS) which was induced by acupuncture at the field of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve. Methods 30 healthy adults were selected and classified into two groups; experimental group, control group. After providing mental stress, acupuncture was applied at external ear in experimental group and no treatment executed in control group. The evaluation of ANS function was measured by heart rate variability (HRV). We statically analyzed the difference of HRV parameters which include mean heart rate (MHRT), standard deviation of all N-N intervals (SDNN), square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between adjacent N-N intervals (RMSSD), total power (TP), low frequency power (LF), high frequency power (HF), LF/HF ratio. Results All subjects showed significant increase in SDNN, LF after stress stimulation (p<0.05). Immediately after intervention, MHRT was significantly decreased (p<0.001) and RMSSD, HF were significantly increased in experimental group (p<0.05). After the end of intervention, SDNN, HF, RMSSD, TP, LF were significantly increased in experimental group (p<0.01, p<0.05). And when comparing baseline HRV, SDNN, LF were significantly increased in control group (p<0.01) and SDNN, RMSSD, TP, LF were significantly increased in experimental group (p<0.05). In the subgroup analysis, normal balance of ANS group showed significant increase in TP, LF, SDNN, HF (p<0.01, p<0.05). Conclusions We suggested that acupuncture at external ear, region of the vagus nerve distribution could increase parasympathetic activity and cause changes and reregulation of the ANS.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제28권1호통권69호
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• pp.249-259
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• 2007

Objectives : We performed this study to analyze correlation among hair tissue minaral ratio, autonomic function and obesity. Methods : Subjects were gathered from January 2005 to March 2007. This study was carried out on 263 subjects who had visited Garosero oriental clinic and had no previous cardiovascular disease and thyroid disease. Heart rate variability (HRV) parameters, tissue mineral ratio and obesity degree were statistically compared with correlation and T-test analysis. Results : The results of this study are summarized as follows : 1. Normal group were predominant over obesity group in HRV parameters(SDNN, RMSSD, VLF, LF, HF). 2. Ca/P, Ca/K, Na/K and Fe/Cu, Na/Mg ratio in hair tissue mineral ratio have correlation with BMR, BMI and waist circumference. 3. Ca/P ratio has correlation with LF norm in HRV, and Na/K with HF, Na/Mg with LF, equally. Conclusions : Taken together these results may suggest that there are significant relationships between hair tissue mineral analysis and HRV.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.49-69
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• 2011

Objective : The object of this study was to observe the effects of Lonicerae Flos (LF) aqueous extracts on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced rat acute lung injury. Method : Five different dosages of LF extracts were orally administered once a day for 28 days before LPS treatments, and then all rats were sacrificed after 5 hour-treatment of LPS. Eight groups of 16 rats each were used in the present study. The following parameters caused by LPS treatment were observed ; body weights, lung weights, pulmonary transcapillary albumin transit, arterial gas parameters (pH, $PaO_2$ and $PaCO_2$) bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) protein lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$) contents, total cell numbers, neutrophil and alveolar macrophage ratios, lung malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), proinflammatory cytokines TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$ contents. In addition, the histopathologic changes were observed in the lung in terms of luminal surface of alveolus, thickness of alveolar septum, number of polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Result : As results of LPS-injection, dramatical increases in lung weights, pulmonary transcapillary albumin transit increases, increases in $PaCO_2$, decreases in pH of arterial blood and $PaO_2$, increases of BALF protein, LDH, TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$ contents, total cells, neutrophil and alveolar macrophage ratios, TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$ contents increases were detected with decreases in LSA and increases of alveolar septum and PMNs numbers, respectively as compared with intact control. These are means that acute lung injuries (resembling acute respiratory distress syndrome) are induced by treatment of LPS mediated by inflammatory responses, oxidative stress and related lipid peroxidation in the present study. However, these LPS-induced acute lung injuries were inhibited by 28 days continuous pretreatment of 250 and 500mg/kg of LF extracts. Because of lower three dosages of LF treated groups, 31.25 and 62.5 and 125mg/kg did not showed any favorable effects as compared with LPS control, the effective dosages of LF in LPS-induced acute lung injuries in the present study, is considered as about 125mg/kg. The effects of 250mg/kg of LF extracts showed almost similar effects with ${\alpha}$-lipoic acid 60mg/kg in preventing LPS-induced acute lung injuries. Conclusion : It seems that LF play a role in protecting the acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by LPS.